1The mishna here, which states that according to Rabbi Yosei a priest who is a hermaphrodite enables his wife to eat teruma , is not to be relied upon in the presence of a baraita that teaches otherwise. As it is taught in a baraita that Rabbi Yosei says: A hermaphrodite is a creature unto himself, and the Sages did not determine whether he is a male or a female. He is consequently prohibited from marrying a woman, and if he does so he does not enable her to eat teruma .
2The Gemara asks: On the contrary, say that the baraita is not to be relied upon in the presence of the mishna here, as baraitot are generally considered less authoritative than mishnayot . The Gemara answers: From the fact that Rabbi Yosei left his colleague, Rabbi Shimon, as the mishna’s ruling is attributed to both Rabbi Yosei and Rabbi Shimon whereas the teaching of the baraita is reported only in the name of Rabbi Yosei, learn from this that Rabbi Yosei retracted his original opinion that he had maintained together with Rabbi Shimon and reached a different conclusion.
3And Shmuel said the reverse: The baraita is not to be relied upon in the presence of the mishna here. The Gemara asks: On the contrary, say that the mishna here is not to be relied upon in the presence of the baraita , as we have heard that Shmuel takes into consideration even an individual dissenting opinion appearing in a baraita . The Gemara answers: This applies only when the mishna itself is not thereby uprooted, as the baraita merely adds to it. But when the mishna is uprooted by a contrary statement taught in a baraita , he does not take it into consideration.
4The Sages of the school of Rav said in the name of Rav that the halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei, both with regard to the halakha of a hermaphrodite and with regard to the halakha of grafting. And Shmuel says: The halakha is in accordance with his opinion with regard to the laws of protracted labor and forfeiture.
5The Gemara clarifies: The halakha of a hermaphrodite is that which we just said, that he is considered a creature unto himself (Rabbeinu Ḥananel). The halakha of grafting is as we learned in a mishna ( Shevi’it 2:6): One may not plant, or sink the shoot of a vine into the ground, or graft a shoot onto a tree on the eve of the Sabbatical Year less than thirty days before Rosh HaShana, lest it take root in the seventh year. And if he planted or sank or grafted, he must uproot it. Rabbi Yehuda says: Any graft that does not take root in three days will never take root, and therefore it is prohibited to plant only for three days before the start of the Sabbatical Year. Rabbi Yosei and Rabbi Shimon say that it takes two weeks for a plant to take root.
6And Rav Naḥman said that Rabba bar Avuh said: According to the first tanna , who says thirty days, he means that thirty days are required for the tree to take root and another thirty days are required for the addition to the Sabbatical Year, as the prohibitions of the Sabbatical Year apply already during the last thirty days of the sixth year. It is consequently prohibited to plant sixty days before Rosh HaShana. And similarly, according to Rabbi Yehuda, who says three days, he means that three days are required for the tree to take root and another thirty days are required for the addition to the Sabbatical Year. And so too, according to Rabbi Yosei and Rabbi Shimon, who say two weeks, they mean that two weeks are required for the tree to take root and another thirty days are required for the addition to the Sabbatical Year. Rav rules on this matter in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei.
7And Shmuel said that the halakha is ruled in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei with regard to protracted labor and proscription as well. The Gemara explains: What is the case of protracted labor? As we learned in a mishna ( Nidda 36b): Ordinarily a woman who experiences a flow of blood on three consecutive days during a time of the month when she does not expect to experience menstrual bleeding is rendered ritually impure as a zava . However, if she experiences such bleeding while she is in protracted labor, the bleeding is attributed to her labor, and she is governed by the halakhot of a woman after childbirth.
8The tanna’im disagree about the question: How long is a woman’s period of protracted labor? For what period of time prior to her giving birth is the bleeding attributed to her labor? Rabbi Meir says: It is up to forty or fifty days before she delivers. Rabbi Yehuda says: Her month suffices for her, i.e., it is from the beginning of the month in which she gives birth. Rabbi Yosei and Rabbi Shimon say: Protracted labor does not last for more than two weeks. Shmuel rules in accordance with Rabbi Yosei in this case.
9What is this halakha of proscription? As we learned in a mishna ( Kilayim 7:4): If one causes his grapevine to overshadow the grain of another, he has proscribed it, rendering it forbidden as a food crop in a vineyard, and he bears financial responsibility for it, i.e., he must compensate the other individual for the loss of the produce that has been rendered forbidden. This is the statement of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yosei and Rabbi Shimon say: