Avodah Zarah 68a

שֶׁאֵין רְאוּיָה לְגֵר — אֵינָהּ קְרוּיָה נְבֵלָה.

and any carcass that is unfit even for a ger toshav to consume, e.g., one that turned rancid and is unfit for consumption, is not called an unslaughtered carcass with regard to its prohibition.

וְרַבִּי מֵאִיר, הָהוּא לְמַעוֹטֵי סְרוּחָה מֵעִיקָּרָא, וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן — סְרוּחָה מֵעִיקָּרָא לָא צְרִיכָא מִיעוּטָא, עַפְרָא בְּעָלְמָא הוּא.

And what can Rabbi Meir respond to this? He could say: That verse is written to exclude meat that was rancid at the outset, i.e., that was not fit for consumption even before the animal’s death, due to a defect in the animal. By contrast, a carcass that was fit for consumption when the animal died and was consequently rendered forbidden remains forbidden even when it becomes rancid. And Rabbi Shimon could counter that meat that was rancid at the outset does not need specific exclusion by the verse, as it is considered as mere dust and does not fall under the category of an unslaughtered animal carcass.

אָמַר עוּלָּא: מַחְלוֹקֶת שֶׁהִשְׁבִּיחַ וּלְבַסּוֹף פָּגַם, אֲבָל פָּגַם מֵעִיקָּרָא — דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל מוּתָּר.

§ Ulla says: This dispute between Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Shimon is with regard to a forbidden food that enhanced the flavor of a dish when it first fell into it and subsequently detracted from its flavor. In this case Rabbi Meir deems the dish forbidden, since the forbidden food enhanced its flavor at the outset. But in a case of forbidden food that detracted from the flavor of the dish at the outset, everyone agrees that it is permitted.

אֵיתִיבֵיהּ רַב חַגָּא לְעוּלָּא: יַיִן שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹךְ עֲדָשִׁים, וְחוֹמֶץ שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹךְ גְּרִיסִין — אָסוּר, וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר. וְהָא הָכָא דִּפְגַם מֵעִיקָּרָא הוּא, וּפְלִיגִי!

Rav Ḥagga raised an objection to the opinion of Ulla from a baraita : Forbidden wine that fell into lentils, or forbidden vinegar that fell into split beans, renders the food forbidden. And Rabbi Shimon deems them permitted. But here it is a case where the forbidden food detracted from the flavor of the dish at the outset, and the tanna’im disagree.

אָמַר עוּלָּא: חַגָּא לָא מִידָּע יָדַע מַאי קָאָמְרִי רַבָּנַן, תְּיוּבְתָּא קָא מוֹתֵיב? הָכָא בְּמַאי עָסְקִינַן? כְּגוֹן שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹךְ גְּרִיסִין צוֹנְנִין וְהִרְתִּיחָם, נַעֲשָׂה כְּמִי שֶׁהִשְׁבִּיחַ וּלְבַסּוֹף פָּגַם, וְאָסוּר.

Ulla said: Ḥagga does not know what the Sages say, yet he raises an objection? Here we are dealing with a case where the vinegar fell into the cold split beans and one subsequently heated them, in which case it becomes like a forbidden food that enhanced the flavor of the mixture and subsequently detracted from it, as vinegar enhances the flavor of cold split beans, and it is consequently forbidden according to Rabbi Meir.

וְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר: בְּפוֹגֵם מֵעִיקָּרָא מַחְלוֹקֶת.

And Rabbi Yoḥanan says: The dispute between Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Shimon is with regard to a case where the forbidden food detracts from the flavor of the permitted food from the outset.

אִיבַּעְיָא לְהוּ: בְּפוֹגֵם מֵעִיקָּרָא מַחְלוֹקֶת, אֲבָל הִשְׁבִּיחַ וּלְבַסּוֹף פָּגַם — דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל אָסוּר, אוֹ דִּלְמָא בֵּין בָּזוֹ וּבֵין בָּזוֹ מַחְלוֹקֶת? תֵּיקוּ.

A dilemma was raised before the Sages: Does Rabbi Yoḥanan mean that the dispute is with regard to a case where the forbidden food detracts from its flavor from the outset, but if it enhanced it at first and subsequently detracted from it, everyone agrees that it is forbidden? Or, perhaps he means that the dispute is both in this case and in that case. The Gemara comments: The dilemma shall stand unresolved.

אָמַר רַב עַמְרָם: אֶפְשָׁר אִיתָא לְהָא דְּרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן, וְלָא תַּנְיָא לַהּ בְּמַתְנִיתִין?

Rav Amram said: Is it possible that there is substance to this statement of Rabbi Yoḥanan, i.e., that there is disagreement with regard to a case where the forbidden food detracts from the flavor of the permitted food from the outset, but it is not taught in the Mishna?

נְפַק דָּק וְאַשְׁכַּח, דְּתַנְיָא: שְׂאוֹר שֶׁל חוּלִּין שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹךְ הָעִיסָּה, וְיֵשׁ בּוֹ כְּדֵי לְהַחְמִיץ וְהֶחְמִיצָה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נָפַל שְׂאוֹר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה אוֹ שְׂאוֹר שֶׁל כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם וְיֵשׁ בּוֹ כְּדֵי לְהַחְמִיץ — אָסוּר, וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר.

Rav Amram went out, examined the Mishna, and discovered that this dispute is taught in a mishna ( Orla 2:8): In the case of non-sacred leaven that fell into the dough, and there is enough of it to cause the dough to become leavened, and the dough indeed became leavened, and subsequently leaven of teruma , or leaven of forbidden diverse kinds planted in a vineyard, fell into this dough, and there is enough of it to cause the dough to become leavened, the dough is forbidden, because the forbidden leaven is considered to have contributed to the process of the leavening. But Rabbi Shimon deems the dough permitted, because the additional leaven has a negative impact on the dough, which was already leavened.

וְהָא הָכָא, דִּפְגַם מֵעִיקָּרָא הוּא, וּפְלִיגִי!

Rav Amram comments: But here it is a case where the forbidden substance detracted from the flavor of the dough at the outset, and Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Shimon disagree, as a mishna that is not attributed explicitly to a tanna represents the opinion of Rabbi Meir.

אָמַר רַבִּי זֵירָא: שָׁאנֵי עִיסָּה, הוֹאִיל וּרְאוּיָה לְחַמֵּעַ בָּהּ כַּמָּה עִיסּוֹת אֲחֵרוֹת.

Rabbi Zeira said: Dough is different, because even if the additional leaven is detrimental to its flavor, in any event the dough is enhanced, since it is suitable for leavening several other batches of dough with it. The more it is leavened, the more it is enhanced in terms of this purpose.

תָּא שְׁמַע: שְׂאוֹר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה וְשֶׁל חוּלִּין שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לְתוֹךְ הָעִיסָּה, בְּזֶה כְּדֵי לְהַחְמִיץ וּבְזֶה כְּדֵי לְהַחְמִיץ וְחִימְּצוּ — אָסוּר, וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר. נָפַל שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה תְּחִלָּה — דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל אָסוּר. נָפַל שֶׁל חוּלִּין וְאַחַר כָּךְ נָפַל שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה אוֹ שֶׁל כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם — אָסוּר, וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר.

The Gemara suggests another source for the statement of Rabbi Yoḥanan: Come and hear that which is taught in a baraita : In the case of leaven of teruma and non-sacred leaven that fell into the dough, if this one was sufficient to cause the dough to become leavened and that one was sufficient to cause the dough to become leavened, and they both cause the dough to become leavened, it is forbidden. Rabbi Shimon deems it permitted. If the leaven of teruma fell in first, everyone agrees that it is forbidden. If the non-sacred leaven fell in first and subsequently the leaven of teruma or of diverse kinds that were planted in a vineyard fell in, this is also forbidden; but Rabbi Shimon deems it permitted.

וְהָא הָכָא, דִּפְגַם מֵעִיקָּרָא, וּפְלִיגִי! וְכִי תֵּימָא: הָכָא נָמֵי

The Gemara comments: But here it is a case where the forbidden substance detracted from the flavor of the dough from the outset, and they disagree. And if you would say: Here too,