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Nedarim 20b

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Babylonian Talmud · folio map

Nedarim 20b

Nedarim 20b. The full printed text of this folio side — 14 numbered segments, about 326 words — with the classic commentaries printed on the page.

Original text

Segment 1

בָּנַיִךְ יְפֵיפִין בְּיוֹתֵר? אָמְרָה לָהֶן: אֵינוֹ מְסַפֵּר עִמִּי לֹא בִּתְחִלַּת הַלַּיְלָה, וְלֹא בְּסוֹף הַלַּיְלָה, אֶלָּא בַּחֲצוֹת הַלַּיְלָה. וּכְשֶׁהוּא מְסַפֵּר, מְגַלֶּה טֶפַח וּמְכַסֶּה טֶפַח, וְדוֹמֶה עָלָיו כְּמִי שֶׁכְּפָאוֹ שֵׁד.

are your children so beautiful? She said to them: My husband does not converse with me while engaging in sexual intercourse, neither at the beginning of the night nor at the end of the night, but rather at midnight. And when he converses with me while engaging in sexual intercourse, he reveals a handbreadth of my body and covers a handbreadth, and he covers himself up as though he were being coerced by a demon and is covering himself out of fear.

Segment 2

וְאָמַרְתִּי לוֹ: מָה טַעַם? וְאָמַר לִי: כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא אֶתֵּן אֶת עֵינַי בְּאִשָּׁה אַחֶרֶת, וְנִמְצְאוּ בָּנָיו בָּאִין לִידֵי מַמְזֵרוּת.

And I said to my husband: What is the reason for this behavior? And he said to me: It is so that I will not set my eyes on another woman, i.e., think about another woman; if a man thinks about another woman during sexual intercourse with his wife, his children consequently come close to receiving a mamzer status, i.e., the nature of their souls is tantamount to that of a mamzer . Therefore I engage in sexual intercourse with you at an hour when there are no people in the street, and in this manner. In any event, it can be seen from her words that a Sage conversed with his wife while engaging in sexual intercourse with her.

Segment 3

לָא קַשְׁיָא: הָא — בְּמִילֵּי דְתַשְׁמִישׁ, הָא — בְּמִילֵּי אַחְרָנְיָיתָא.

The Gemara answers: This is not difficult. This permission to converse with her is with regard to matters of sexual intercourse, whereas that restriction of conversation is with regard to other matters that are not related to sexual intercourse.

Segment 4

אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: זוֹ דִּבְרֵי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן דַּהֲבַאי, אֲבָל אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים: אֵין הֲלָכָה כְּיוֹחָנָן בֶּן דַּהֲבַאי, אֶלָּא כֹּל מַה שֶּׁאָדָם רוֹצֶה לַעֲשׂוֹת בְּאִשְׁתּוֹ — עוֹשֶׂה. מָשָׁל לְבָשָׂר הַבָּא מִבֵּית הַטַּבָּח, רָצָה לְאׇכְלוֹ בְּמֶלַח — אוֹכְלוֹ. צָלִי — אוֹכְלוֹ. מְבוּשָּׁל — אוֹכְלוֹ. שָׁלוּק — אוֹכְלוֹ. וְכֵן דָּג הַבָּא מִבֵּית הַצַּיָּיד.

Rabbi Yoḥanan said: That is the statement of Yoḥanan ben Dehavai. However, the Rabbis said: The halakha is not in accordance with the opinion of Yoḥanan ben Dehavai. Rather, whatever a man wishes to do with his wife he may do. He may engage in sexual intercourse with her in any manner that he wishes, and need not concern himself with these restrictions. As an allegory, it is like meat that comes from the butcher. If he wants to eat it with salt, he may eat it that way. If he wants to eat it roasted, he may eat it roasted. If he wants to eat it cooked, he may eat it cooked. If he wants to eat it boiled, he may eat it boiled. And likewise with regard to fish that come from the fisherman.

Segment 5

אָמַר אַמֵּימָר: מַאן מַלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת — רַבָּנַן, דְּאִי תֵּימָא מַלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת מַמָּשׁ, אַמַּאי אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אֵין הֲלָכָה כְּיוֹחָנָן בֶּן דַּהֲבַאי? הָא אִינְהוּ בְּקִיאִי בְּצוּרַת הַוָּלָד טְפֵי! וְאַמַּאי קָרוּ לְהוּ מַלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת — דִּמְצַיְּינִי כְּמַלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת.

Ameimar said: Who are the ministering angels that Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Dehavai mentioned? He was referring to the Sages, for whom he employed the honorary title: Ministering angels. Because if you say that he was referring to actual ministering angels, why did Rabbi Yoḥanan say that the halakha is not in accordance with the opinion of Yoḥanan ben Dehavai? The ministering angels are more knowledgeable about the forming of the fetus than people are. Clearly, if the ministering angels were the source for the ruling of Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Dehavai it would have been imperative to heed his instructions. And why are the Sages called ministering angels? Because they stand out like ministering angels, as they are recognized by their clothing.

Segment 6

הַהִיא דַּאֲתַאי לְקַמֵּיהּ דְּרַבִּי, אָמְרָה לוֹ: רַבִּי, עָרַכְתִּי לוֹ שׁוּלְחָן וַהֲפָכוֹ! אֲמַר לָהּ: בִּתִּי, תּוֹרָה הִתִּירָתֶךְ, וַאֲנִי מָה אֶעֱשֶׂה לִיךְ? הָהִיא דַּאֲתַאי לְקַמֵּיהּ דְּרַב, אָמְרָה לוֹ: רַבִּי, עָרַכְתִּי לוֹ שׁוּלְחָן וַהֲפָכוֹ! אָמַר: מַאי שְׁנָא מִן בִּינִיתָא?

The Gemara relates: A certain woman, who came before Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi to complain about her husband, said to him: My teacher, I set him a table, using a euphemism to say that she lay before him during intimacy, and he turned it over. Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi said to her: My daughter, the Torah permitted him to engage in sexual intercourse with you even in an atypical manner, and what can I do for you if he does so? Similarly, a certain woman who came before Rav said to him: My teacher, I set a table for him and he turned it over. He said to her: In what way is this case different from a fish [ binnita ] that one may eat any way he wishes?

Segment 7

״וְלֹא תָתוּרוּ אַחֲרֵי לְבַבְכֶם״, מִכָּאן אָמַר רַבִּי: אַל יִשְׁתֶּה אָדָם בְּכוֹס זֶה וְיִתֵּן עֵינָיו בְּכוֹס אַחֵר. אָמַר רָבִינָא: לֹא נִצְרְכָא, אֶלָּא דַּאֲפִילּוּ שְׁתֵּי נָשָׁיו.

§ The verse states: “And that you not go about after your own heart” (Numbers 15:39). Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi said that it is derived from here that a man should not drink from this cup while setting his eyes on another cup, i.e., one should not engage in sexual intercourse with one woman while thinking about another woman. Ravina said: This statement is not necessary with regard to an unrelated woman. Rather, it is necessary only to state that even with regard to his own two wives, he should not engage in sexual intercourse with one while thinking about the other.

Segment 8

״וּבָרוֹתִי מִכֶּם הַמֹּרְדִים וְהַפּוֹשְׁעִים בִּי״, אָמַר רַבִּי לֵוִי: אֵלּוּ בְּנֵי תֵּשַׁע מִדּוֹת, בְּנֵי אׇסְנַ״‎ת משגע״‎ח.

The verse states: “And I will purge out from among you the rebels, and those that transgress against Me” (Ezekiel 20:38). Rabbi Levi said: These are children of those who have nine traits, who are defective from their conception and from whom rebels and transgressors emerge. The mnemonic for these nine traits is children of the acronym aleph , samekh , nun , tav , mem , shin , gimmel , ayin , ḥet .

Segment 9

בְּנֵי אֵימָה, בְּנֵי אֲנוּסָה, בְּנֵי שְׂנוּאָה, בְּנֵי נִידּוּי, בְּנֵי תְמוּרָה, בְּנֵי מְרִיבָה, בְּנֵי שִׁכְרוּת, בְּנֵי גְּרוּשַׁת הַלֵּב, בְּנֵי עִרְבּוּבְיָא, בְּנֵי חֲצוּפָה.

The children of nine traits are as follows: Children of fear [ eima ], i.e., where the wife was afraid of her husband and engaged in sexual intercourse with him out of fear; children of a woman who was raped [ anusa ]; children of a hated woman [ senua ], i.e., a woman who was hated by her husband; children of ostracism [ niddui ], i.e., one of the parents was ostracized by the court; children of substitution [ temura ], i.e., while engaging in intercourse with the woman, the man thought that she was another woman; children of strife [ meriva ], i.e., the parents engaged in intercourse while they were quarreling; children of drunkenness [ shikhrut ], i.e., the parents engaged in intercourse while they were drunk; children of a woman who was divorced in the heart [ gerushat halev ], i.e., the husband had already decided to divorce her when they engaged in intercourse; children of mixture [ irbuveya ], i.e., the man did not know with which woman he was engaging in intercourse; children of a shameless woman [ ḥatzufa ] who demands of her husband that he engage in intercourse with her.

Segment 10

אִינִי? וְהָאָמַר רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָנִי אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹנָתָן: כׇּל אָדָם שֶׁאִשְׁתּוֹ תּוֹבַעְתּוֹ — הָוְיִין לוֹ בָּנִים שֶׁאֲפִילּוּ בְּדוֹרוֹ שֶׁל מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּינוּ לֹא הָיוּ כְּמוֹתָם. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״הָבוּ לָכֶם אֲנָשִׁים חֲכָמִים וּנְבֹנִים״, וּכְתִיב: ״וָאֶקַּח אֶת רָאשֵׁי שִׁבְטֵיכֶם״, וְלָא כְּתִיב ״נְבוֹנִים״.

The Gemara asks: Is that so? But didn’t Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥmani say that Rabbi Yonatan said: Any man whose wife demands of him that he engage in sexual intercourse with her will have children the likes of whom did not exist even in the generation of Moses our teacher? As it is stated: “Get you wise men, and understanding, and well known from each one of your tribes, and I will make them head over you” (Deuteronomy 1:13); and it is written subsequently: “So I took the heads of your tribes, wise men, and well known” (Deuteronomy 1:15). And it does not say that they were understanding. Evidently, even Moses could not find understanding men in his generation.

Segment 11

וּכְתִיב ״יִשָּׂשכָר חֲמֹר גָּרֶם״, וּכְתִיב: ״מִבְּנֵי יִשָּׂשכָר יוֹדְעֵי בִינָה לַעִתִּים״!

And by contrast, it is written: “Issachar is a large-boned donkey” (Genesis 49:14). The Sages transmitted a tradition that this is an allusion to the incident when Jacob came in from the field riding on a donkey, and Leah went out to greet him, saying: “You must come in to me; for I have hired you with my son’s mandrakes” (Genesis 30:16). Issachar was conceived from their subsequent sexual intercourse. And it is written: “And of the children of Issachar, men that had understanding of the times” (I Chronicles 12:33). The descendants of Issachar were understanding men. It is derived from here that a woman who demands from her husband that he engage in sexual intercourse with her has a positive effect on their children.

Segment 12

הַהִיא דְּמַרְצְיָא אַרְצוֹיֵי.

The Gemara answers: That baraita is not referring to a woman who demands intercourse explicitly, but rather to one who entices her husband, so that he understands that she wants to engage in sexual intercourse with him. They consequently have excellent children.

Segment 13

הֲדַרַן עֲלָךְ וְאֵלּוּ מוּתָּרִין

MISHNA: The Sages dissolved four types of vows without the requirement of a request to a halakhic authority: Vows of exhortation, vows of exaggeration, vows that are unintentional, and vows whose fulfillment is impeded by circumstances beyond one’s control. The mishna explains: Vows of exhortation are those by which one encourages another using vow terminology that is exaggerated. How so? One was selling an item and said: I will not lower the price for you to less than a sela , as that is konam , forbidden as if it were an offering, for me. And the other one, the buyer, says: I will not raise my payment to you to more than a shekel, as that is konam for me.

Segment 14

אַרְבָּעָה נְדָרִים הִתִּירוּ חֲכָמִים: נִדְרֵי זֵרוּזִין, וְנִדְרֵי הֲבַאי, וְנִדְרֵי שְׁגָגוֹת, וְנִדְרֵי אוֹנָסִין. נִדְרֵי זֵרוּזִין כֵּיצַד? הָיָה מוֹכֵר חֵפֶץ, וְאָמַר: ״קֻוֽנָּם שֶׁאֵינִי פּוֹחֵת לְךָ מִן הַסֶּלַע״, וְהַלָּה אוֹמֵר: ״קֻוֽנָּם שֶׁאֵינִי מוֹסִיף לָךְ עַל הַשֶּׁקֶל״,

Nedarim 20b

Nedarim 20b

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