Sanhedrin 95a

״עֲנִיָּה עֲנָתוֹת״ – עָתִיד יִרְמְיָה בֶּן חִלְקִיָּה וּמִתְנַבֵּא עֲלַהּ מֵעֲנָתוֹת, דִּכְתִיב: ״דִּבְרֵי יִרְמְיָהוּ בֶּן חִלְקִיָּהוּ מִן הַכֹּהֲנִים אֲשֶׁר בַּעֲנָתוֹת בְּאֶרֶץ בִּנְיָמִין״.

“Poor [ aniyya ] Anathoth” (Isaiah 10:30)? Jeremiah, son of Hilkiah, is destined to prophesy about Nebuchadnezzar from Anathoth, as it is written: “The statements of Jeremiah, son of Hilkiah, of the priests who were in Anathoth in the land of Benjamin” (Jeremiah 1:1).

מִי דָּמֵי? הָתָם אֲרִי, הָכָא לַיִשׁ! אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: שִׁשָּׁה שֵׁמוֹת יֵשׁ לַאֲרִי, אֵלּוּ הֵן: אֲרִי, כְּפִיר, לָבִיא, לַיִשׁ, שַׁחַל, שַׁחַץ. אִי הָכִי, בָּצְרוּ לְהוּ! עָבְרוּ מַעְבָּרָה תַּרְתֵּי נִינְהוּ.

The Gemara asks: Are these matters comparable? There, in Jeremiah, Nebuchadnezzar is called ari , as the verse refers to him with the term arye , and here, in Isaiah, Nebuchadnezzar is called laish . The Gemara explains that the verses are not contradictory, as Rabbi Yoḥanan says: There are six Hebrew terms for the lion, and they are: Ari , kefir , lavi , layish , shaḥal , shaḥatz . The Gemara challenges: If it is so that this verse is unrelated to the journeys of Sennacherib, then the places listed in the verse are too few, as there are not ten. The Gemara explains: Averu and Mabara are in fact the names of two separate places.

מַאי ״עוֹד הַיּוֹם בְּנֹב לַעֲמֹד״? אָמַר רַב הוּנָא: אוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם נִשְׁתַּיֵּיר מֵעֲוֹנָהּ שֶׁל נוֹב. אָמְרִי לֵיהּ כַּלְדָּאֵי: אִי אָזְלַתְּ הָאִידָּנָא – יָכְלַתְּ לַהּ, וְאִי לָא – לָא יָכְלַתְּ לַהּ. אוֹרְחָא דִּבְעָא לְסַגּוֹיֵי בְּעַשְׂרָה יוֹמֵי, סַגֵּא בְּחַד יוֹמָא.

The Gemara asks: What is the meaning of the phrase: “This very day shall he halt at Nov” (Isaiah 10:32)? Rav Huna says: That was the final day that remained from the punishment that the Jewish people received from the sin of Nov (see I Samuel, chapter 22). The astrologers said to Sennacherib: If you go and conquer them now, you will overcome the Jewish people; and if not, you will not overcome the Jewish people. The Gemara relates: He walked and traversed in one day a road upon which one must walk for ten days in order to traverse it.

כִּי מְטוֹ לִירוּשְׁלֶם, שְׁדוֹ לֵיהּ בִּיסְתַּרְקֵי, עַד דִּסְלֵיק וִיתֵיב מֵעִילָּוֵי שׁוּרָא, עַד דְּחַזְיַוהּ לְכוּלַּהּ יְרוּשְׁלֶם. כִּי חַזְיַיהּ, אִיזּוּטַר בְּעֵינֵיהּ. אָמַר: הֲלָא דָּא הִיא קַרְתָּא דִּירוּשְׁלֶם דַּעֲלַהּ אַרְגֵּישִׁית כֹּל מַשְׁירְיָתַי, וַעֲלַהּ כַּבֵּשִׁית כֹּל מְדִינָתָא? הֲלָא הִיא זְעֵירָא וְחַלָּשָׁא מִכֹּל כַּרְכֵי עַמְמַיָּא דְּכַבֵּשִׁית בִּתְקוֹף יְדַי? עֲלַהּ וְקָם וּמָנֵיד בְּרֵישֵׁיהּ, מוֹבֵיל וּמַיְיתֵי בִּידֵיהּ עַל טוּר בֵּית מַקְדְּשָׁא דִּבְצִיּוֹן וְעַל עֲזַרְתָּא דְּבִירוּשְׁלֶם.

When they arrived in Jerusalem they cast mats [ bistarkei ] for Sennacherib and piled them high until he ascended and sat above the wall, to the extent that he was able to see the entire city of Jerusalem. When he saw it, it seemed small in his eyes and he said: Is this the city of Jerusalem for which I have disrupted all my camps and for which I have conquered all these countries? Is it smaller and weaker than all the cities of the nations that I have conquered with my might? He went up and shook his head in contempt, and dismissively waved his hand at the Temple Mount that is in Zion and at the courtyard that is in Jerusalem.

אָמְרִי: נִישְׁדֵּי בֵּיהּ יְדָא הָאִידָּנָא. אֲמַר לְהוּ: תָּמְהִיתוּ, לִמְחַר אַיְיתוֹ לִי כֹּל חַד וְחַד מִינַּיְיכוּ גּוּלְמוֹ הֲרַג מִינֵּיהּ. מִיָּד: ״וַיְהִי בַּלַּיְלָה הַהוּא וַיֵּצֵא מַלְאַךְ ה׳ וַיַּךְ בְּמַחֲנֵה אַשּׁוּר מֵאָה שְׁמוֹנִים וַחֲמִשָּׁה אָלֶף וַיַּשְׁכִּימוּ בַבֹּקֶר וְהִנֵּה כֻלָּם פְּגָרִים מֵתִים״. אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: הַיְינוּ דְּאָמְרִי אִינָשֵׁי: בָּת דִּינָא – בְּטַל דִּינָא.

His officers said to him: Let us attack now and begin the conquest of Jerusalem. Sennacherib said to them: You are weary. Tomorrow, each and every one of you will bring me a piece of a stone from the wall equivalent in size to the seal [ gulmo harag ] of a letter, and this will suffice to breach the wall and vanquish the city. The verse recounts that immediately: “And it came to pass that night, that the angel of the Lord went forth and smote in the camp of the Assyrians one hundred and eighty-five thousand; and when men arose in the morning, behold, they were all dead corpses” (II Kings 19:35). Rav Pappa says that this is in accordance with the adage that people say: When quarrel lies and is delayed overnight, the quarrel is nullified. Since Jerusalem was not conquered that day, the decree was voided.

״וְיִשְׁבִּי בְּנֹב אֲשֶׁר בִּילִידֵי הָרָפָה וּמִשְׁקַל קֵינוֹ שְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת מִשְׁקַל נְחֹשֶׁת וְהוּא חָגוּר חֲדָשָׁה וַיֹּאמֶר לְהַכּוֹת אֶת דָּוִד״. מַאי ״וְיִשְׁבִּי בְּנוֹב״? אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַב: אִישׁ שֶׁבָּא עַל עִסְקֵי נוֹב. אֲמַר לֵיהּ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְדָוִד: עַד מָתַי יִהְיֶה עָוֹן זֶה טָמוּן בְּיָדְךָ? עַל יָדְךָ נֶהֶרְגָה נוֹב עִיר הַכֹּהֲנִים, וְעַל יָדְךָ נִטְרַד דּוֹאֵג הָאֲדוֹמִי, וְעַל יָדְךָ נֶהֶרְגוּ שָׁאוּל וּשְׁלֹשֶׁת בָּנָיו.

§ Apropos the massacre of Nov, the Gemara relates: “And Ishbibenob, who was of the sons of the giant, the weight of whose spear was three hundred shekels of brass; and he was girded with new armor and planned to slay David” (II Samuel 21:16). The Gemara asks: What is the meaning of Ishbibenob? Rav Yehuda says that Rav says: This is a man [ ish ] who came to punish David over matters of Nov. The Holy One, Blessed be He, said to David: Until when will this sin be concealed in your hand without punishment? Through your actions the inhabitants of Nov, the city of priests, were massacred, and through your actions, Doeg the Edomite was banished from the World-to-Come, and through your actions Saul and his three sons were killed.

רְצוֹנְךָ יִכְלֶה זַרְעֶךָ, אוֹ תִּמָּסֵר בְּיַד אוֹיֵב? אָמַר לְפָנָיו: רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, מוּטָב אֶמָּסֵר בְּיַד אוֹיֵב וְלֹא יִכְלֶה זַרְעִי.

God said to David: Your arrival in Nov and your misleading Ahimelech the priest generated the chain of events, and therefore you must be punished. You may choose the punishment. Is it your desire that your descendants will cease to exist or that you will be handed to the enemy? David said before Him: Master of the Universe, it is preferable that I will be handed to the enemy and my descendants will not cease to exist.

יוֹמָא חַד נְפַק לִשְׁכוֹר בָּזָאֵי, אֲתָא שָׂטָן וְאִידְּמִי לֵיהּ כְּטַבְיָא. פְּתַק בֵּיהּ גִּירָא וְלָא מַטְיֵיהּ. מַשְׁכֵיהּ עַד דְּאַמְטְיֵיהּ לְאֶרֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּים. כִּדְחַזְיֵיהּ יִשְׁבִּי בְּנוֹב אֲמַר: הַיְינוּ הַאי דְּקַטְלֵיהּ לְגׇלְיָת אֲחִי. כַּפְתֵיהּ, קַמְטֵיהּ, אוֹתְבֵיהּ וְשַׁדְיֵיהּ תּוּתֵי בֵּי סַדְיָיא. אִתְעֲבִיד לֵיהּ נִיסָּא, מָכָא לֵיהּ אַרְעָא מִתּוּתֵיהּ. הַיְינוּ דִּכְתִיב: ״תַּרְחִיב צַעֲדִי תַחְתָּי וְלֹא מָעֲדוּ קַרְסֻלָּי״.

One day David went to hunt with a falcon [ liskor bazzai ]. Satan came and appeared to him as a deer. He shot an arrow at the deer, and the arrow did not reach it. Satan led David to follow the deer until he reached the land of the Philistines. When Ishbibenob saw David he said: This is that person who killed Goliath, my brother. He bound him, doubled him over, and placed him on the ground, and then he cast him under the beam of an olive press to crush him. A miracle was performed for him, and the earth opened beneath him so he was not crushed by the beam. That is the meaning of that which is written: “You have enlarged my steps beneath me, that my feet did not slip” (Psalms 18:37).

הָהוּא יוֹמָא אַפַּנְיָא דְּמַעֲלֵי שַׁבְּתָא הֲוָה. אֲבִישַׁי בֶּן צְרוּיָה הֲוָה קָא חָיֵיף רֵישֵׁיהּ בְּאַרְבְּעָא גַּרְבֵי דְּמַיָּא. חֲזִינְהוּ כִּתְמֵי דְּמָא. אִיכָּא דְּאָמְרִי: אֲתָא יוֹנָה אִיטְּרִיף קַמֵּיהּ. אֲמַר: כְּנֶסֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְיוֹנָה אִימְּתִילָא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״כַּנְפֵי יוֹנָה נֶחְפָּה בַכֶּסֶף״. שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ דָּוִד מַלְכָּא דְּיִשְׂרָאֵל בְּצַעֲרָא שְׁרֵי. אֲתָא לְבֵיתֵיהּ וְלָא אַשְׁכְּחֵיהּ. אֲמַר, תְּנַן: אֵין רוֹכְבִין עַל סוּסוֹ וְאֵין יוֹשְׁבִין עַל כִּסְאוֹ וְאֵין מִשְׁתַּמְּשִׁין בְּשַׁרְבִיטוֹ. בִּשְׁעַת הַסַּכָּנָה מַאי? אֲתָא שְׁאֵיל בֵּי מִדְרְשָׁא. אֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ: בִּשְׁעַת הַסַּכָּנָה שַׁפִּיר דָּמֵי.

The Gemara relates: That day at dusk on Shabbat eve, Abishai ben Zeruiah shampooed his hair with four jugs of water in preparation for Shabbat. He saw four bloodstains. There are those who say: A dove came and fluttered its wings before him. Abishai said: The congregation of Israel is likened to a dove, as it is stated: “You shall shine as the wings of a dove covered with silver and her pinions with yellow gold” (Psalms 68:14); conclude from it that David, king of Israel, is in a state of distress. He came to David’s house and did not find him. Abishai said that we learned in a mishna (22a): One may not ride on the king’s horse, and one may not sit on his throne, and one may not use his scepter. In a period of danger, what is the halakha ? He came and asked in the study hall what the ruling is in that situation. They said to him: In a period of danger one may well do so.

רַכְבֵיהּ לְפִרְדֵּיהּ וְקָם וַאֲזַל. קְפַצָה לֵיהּ אַרְעָא. בַּהֲדֵי דְּקָא מְסַגֵּי, חַזְיַיהּ לְעׇרְפָּה אִמֵּיהּ דַּהֲוָות נָוְולָא. כִּי חֲזֵיתֵיהּ, פְּסַקְתֵּהּ לְפִילְכַּהּ, שְׁדָתֵיהּ עִילָּוֵיהּ, סְבַרָא לְמִקְטְלֵיהּ. אֲמַרָה לֵיהּ: עֻלֵם, אַיְיתִי לִי פְּלַךְ! פַּתְקֵיהּ בְּרֵישׁ מוֹחַהּ, וְקַטְלַהּ.

He mounted the king’s mule and arose and went to the land of the Philistines. The land miraculously contracted for him and he arrived quickly. As he was progressing he saw Orpah, Ishbibenob’s mother, who was spinning thread with a spindle. When she saw him, she removed her spindle and threw it at him, intending to kill him. After failing to do so, she said to Abishai: Young man, bring me my spindle. He threw the spindle and struck her at the top of her brain and killed her.

כַּד חַזְיֵיהּ יִשְׁבִּי בְּנוֹב, אֲמַר: הַשְׁתָּא הָווּ בֵּי תְרֵין וְקָטְלִין לִי. פַּתְקֵיהּ לְדָוִד לְעֵילָּא, וְדָץ לֵיהּ לְרוּמְחֵיהּ. אֲמַר: נִיפּוֹל עֲלֵהּ וְנִקְּטַל. אֲמַר אֲבִישַׁי שֵׁם, אוֹקְמֵיהּ לְדָוִד בֵּין שְׁמַיָּא לְאַרְעָא.

When Ishbibenob saw him, he said: Now they are two, David and Abishai, and they will kill me. He threw David up in the air, and stuck his spear into the ground. He said: Let David fall upon it and die. Abishai recited a sacred name of God and suspended David between heaven and earth so that he would not fall.

וְנֵימָא לֵיהּ אִיהוּ? אֵין חָבוּשׁ מוֹצִיא עַצְמוֹ מִבֵּית הָאֲסוּרִין.

The Gemara asks: And let David himself recite the name of God and save himself. Why did he need Abishai? The Gemara answers: A prisoner does not release himself from a prison but requires someone else to release him. Similarly, one in danger is incapable of rescuing himself.

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: מַאי בָּעֵית הָכָא? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הָכִי אֲמַר לִי קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא, וְהָכִי אַהְדַּרִי לֵיהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אֵפֹךְ צְלוֹתָיךְ! בַּר בְּרָךְ קִירָא לִיזְבּוֹן, וְאַתְּ לָא תִּצְטַעַר.

Abishai said to David: What do you seek here and why did you fall into Ishbibenob’s hands? David said to him: This is what the Holy One, Blessed be He, said to me, and this is what I responded to Him; the time to submit to my enemy has arrived. Abishai said to him: Reverse your prayer and pray that your descendants will cease to exist rather than that you will be handed to the enemy, in accordance with the adage that people say: Let your son’s son be a poor peddler and sell wax, and you will not suffer. Do not limit your expenses to leave an inheritance for your descendants.

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אִי הָכִי, סַיַּיע בַּהֲדַן. הַיְינוּ דִּכְתִיב: ״וַיַּעֲזׇר לוֹ אֲבִישַׁי בֶּן צְרוּיָה״. אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַב: שֶׁעֲזָרוֹ בִּתְפִלָּה. אֲמַר אֲבִישַׁי שֵׁם וְאַחֲתֵיהּ.

David said to him: If so, help me. That is the meaning of that which is written: “And Abishai, son of Zeruiah, came to his aid, and smote the Philistine and killed him” (II Samuel 21:17). Rav Yehuda says that Rav says: This means that he came to his aid in prayer. Abishai recited another sacred name of God and caused David to land safely after being suspended between heaven and earth, and they fled.

הֲוָה קָא רָדֵיף בָּתְרַיְיהוּ. כִּי מְטֹא קוּבֵּי, אָמְרִי: קוּם בֵּיהּ. כִּי מְטֹא בֵּי תְרֵי, אָמְרִי: בִּתְרֵי גּוּרְיָוָן קַטְלוּהּ לְאַרְיָא. אָמְרִי לֵיהּ: זִיל אִשְׁתְּכַח לְעׇרְפָּה אִימָּיךְ בְּקִיבְרָא. כִּי אַדְכַּרוּ לֵיהּ שְׁמָא דְּאִימֵּיהּ, כְּחַשׁ חֵילֵיהּ וְקַטְלוּהּ. הַיְינוּ דִּכְתִיב: ״אָז נִשְׁבְּעוּ אַנְשֵׁי דָוִד לוֹ לֵאמֹר לֹא תֵצֵא עוֹד אִתָּנוּ לַמִּלְחָמָה וְלֹא תְכַבֶּה אֶת נֵר יִשְׂרָאֵל״.

Ishbibenob pursued them, intending to kill them. When they reached the place named Kuvi they said: The name of the place is an abbreviation for the phrase meaning: Stand and battle against him [ kum beih ]. When they reached a place called Bei Terei, David and Abishai said: With two [ bitrei ] cubs they killed the lion, meaning they expected to be successful. They said to Ishbibenob: Go find Orpah, your mother, in the grave. When they mentioned his mother’s name to him and told him she died, his strength diminished, and they killed him. The Gemara notes: It is after this that it is written: “Then David’s men took an oath to him saying: You shall not go with us to war anymore and you will not douse the lamp of Israel” (II Samuel 21:17).

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: שְׁלֹשָׁה קָפְצָה לָהֶם הָאָרֶץ – אֱלִיעֶזֶר עֶבֶד אַבְרָהָם, וְיַעֲקֹב אָבִינוּ, וַאֲבִישַׁי בֶּן צְרוּיָה. אֲבִישַׁי בֶּן צְרוּיָה – הָא דַּאֲמַרַן. אֱלִיעֶזֶר עֶבֶד אַבְרָהָם – דִּכְתִיב: ״וָאָבֹא הַיּוֹם אֶל הָעָיִן״, לְמֵימְרָא דְּהָהוּא יוֹמָא נְפַק. יַעֲקֹב אָבִינוּ -

§ The Sages taught in a baraita with regard to land contracting to shorten a journey: For three individuals the land contracted, and each one miraculously reached his destination quickly: Eliezer, servant of Abraham, and Jacob our forefather, and Abishai, son of Zeruiah. The Gemara elaborates: The case of Abishai, son of Zeruiah, is that which we said. The case of Eliezer, servant of Abraham, is as it is written: “And I came that day to the well” (Genesis 24:42). His intention was to say to the members of Rebecca’s family that on that day he left Canaan and on the same day he arrived, to underscore the miraculous nature of his undertaking on behalf of Abraham. The case of Jacob our forefather