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Ketubot 64b

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Babylonian Talmud · folio map

Ketubot 64b

Ketubot 64b. The full printed text of this folio side — 18 numbered segments, about 454 words — with the classic commentaries printed on the page.

Original text

Segment 1

מִיחֲזֵי כִּשְׂכַר שַׁבָּת.

it does appear to be Shabbat wages. Consequently, the Sages decreed that he should not give her money for Shabbat.

Segment 2

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר יוֹסֵף לִשְׁמוּאֵל: מָה בֵּין מוֹרֵד לְמוֹרֶדֶת? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: צֵא וּלְמַד מִשּׁוּק שֶׁל זוֹנוֹת, מִי שׂוֹכֵר אֶת מִי? דָּבָר אַחֵר: זֶה יִצְרוֹ מִבַּחוּץ, וְזוֹ יִצְרָהּ מִבִּפְנִים.

On the same issue, Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Yosef said to Shmuel: What is the reason for the difference in halakha between a rebellious man and a rebellious woman? According to all opinions, a rebellious wife’s fine is greater than that of a rebellious husband. He said to him: Go and learn from the market of prostitutes. Who hires whose services? Clearly, a man suffers more from lack of sexual intercourse, and therefore the penalty for a rebellious wife is greater. Alternatively, when he desires sexual relations, his inclination is noticeable on the outside, and therefore he feels shame as well as pain. But for her, her inclination is on the inside, and is not obvious.

Segment 3

מַתְנִי׳ הַמַּשְׁרֶה אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ עַל יְדֵי שָׁלִישׁ — לֹא יִפְחוֹת לָהּ מִשְּׁנֵי קַבִּין חִטִּין, אוֹ מֵאַרְבָּעָה קַבִּין שְׂעוֹרִין. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי: לֹא פָּסַק לָהּ שְׂעוֹרִין אֶלָּא רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, שֶׁהָיָה סָמוּךְ לֶאֱדוֹם. וְנוֹתֵן לָהּ חֲצִי קַב קִיטְנִית, וַחֲצִי לוֹג שֶׁמֶן, וְקַב גְּרוֹגְרוֹת אוֹ מָנֶה דְּבֵילָה. וְאִם אֵין לוֹ — פּוֹסֵק לְעוּמָּתָן פֵּירוֹת מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר.

MISHNA: If someone feeds his wife by means of a third party serving as a trustee, while the husband himself is not living with her for some reason, he may not give her less than two kav of wheat or four kav of barley a week for her sustenance. Rabbi Yosei said: Only Rabbi Yishmael, who was near Edom, allotted her barley. And he must give her half a kav of legumes, and half a log of oil, and a kav of dried figs or the weight of a maneh of fig cakes. And if he does not have these fruits, he must apportion for her a corresponding amount of fruit from elsewhere.

Segment 4

וְנוֹתֵן לָהּ מִטָּה, מַפָּץ וּמַחְצֶלֶת. וְנוֹתֵן לָהּ כִּפָּה לְרֹאשָׁהּ, וַחֲגוֹר לְמׇתְנֶיהָ, וּמִנְעָלִים מִמּוֹעֵד לְמוֹעֵד, וְכֵלִים שֶׁל חֲמִשִּׁים זוּז מִשָּׁנָה לְשָׁנָה. וְאֵין נוֹתְנִין לָהּ לֹא חֲדָשִׁים בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה, וְלֹא שְׁחָקִים בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים. אֶלָּא נוֹתֵן לָהּ כֵּלִים שֶׁל חֲמִשִּׁים זוּז בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים, וְהִיא מִתְכַּסָּה בִּבְלָאוֹתֵיהֶן בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה. וְהַשְּׁחָקִים — שֶׁלָּהּ.

And he must give her a bed, a soft mat, and a hard mat. And he must give her a cap for her head, and a belt for her waist, and new shoes from Festival to Festival, i.e., he must buy her new shoes each Festival. And he must purchase garments for her with a value of fifty dinars from year to year. The mishna comments: And he may not give her new clothes, which tend to be thick and warm, in the summer, nor worn garments in the rainy season, as these are too thin and she will be cold. Rather, he should give her clothes at a value of fifty dinars in the rainy season, and she covers herself with these same worn garments in the summer as well. And the leftover, worn clothes belong to her.

Segment 5

נוֹתֵן לָהּ מָעָה כֶּסֶף לְצוֹרְכָּהּ. וְאוֹכֶלֶת עִמּוֹ מִלֵּילֵי שַׁבָּת לְלֵילֵי שַׁבָּת. וְאִם אֵין נוֹתֵן לָהּ מָעָה כֶּסֶף לְצוֹרְכָּהּ — מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ שֶׁלָּהּ.

In addition to the above, he must give her another silver ma’a coin for the rest of her needs. And she eats with him from Shabbat evening to Shabbat evening. Although he may provide for her sustenance via a third party throughout the week, on Shabbat evening she has the right to eat together with him. And if he does not give her a silver ma’a coin for her needs, her earnings belong to her.

Segment 6

וּמָה הִיא עוֹשָׂה לוֹ? מִשְׁקַל חָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים שְׁתִי בִּיהוּדָה, שֶׁהֵן עֶשֶׂר סְלָעִים בַּגָּלִיל. אוֹ מִשְׁקַל עֶשֶׂר סְלָעִים עֵרֶב בִּיהוּדָה, שֶׁהֵן עֶשְׂרִים סְלָעִים בַּגָּלִיל. וְאִם הָיְתָה מְנִיקָה — פּוֹחֲתִין לָהּ מִמַּעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ, וּמוֹסִיפִין לָהּ עַל מְזוֹנוֹתֶיהָ. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים — בְּעָנִי שֶׁבְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, אֲבָל בִּמְכוּבָּד הַכֹּל לְפִי כְּבוֹדוֹ.

And what is the fixed amount that she must earn for him? She must spin wool in the weight of five sela of threads of the warp in Judea, which are equivalent to ten sela according to the measurements of the Galilee, or the weight of ten sela of the threads of the woof, which are easier to prepare, in Judea, which are equivalent to twenty sela according to the measurements used in the Galilee. And if she is nursing at the time, the required amount is reduced from her earnings and is added to the sum she receives for her sustenance. In what case is this statement, i.e., all these amounts and measurements, said? With regard to the poorest of Jews, i.e., these are the minimum requirements. However, in the case of a financially prominent man, all the amounts are increased according to his prominence.

Segment 7

גְּמָ׳ מַנִּי מַתְנִיתִין, לָא רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן בְּרוֹקָא, וְלָא רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן. דִּתְנַן: וְכַמָּה שִׁיעוּרוֹ — מְזוֹן שְׁתֵּי סְעוּדוֹת לְכׇל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד. מְזוֹנוֹ לַחוֹל וְלֹא לַשַּׁבָּת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: לַשַּׁבָּת וְלֹא לַחוֹל. וְזֶה וָזֶה מִתְכַּוְּונִין לְהָקֵל.

GEMARA: Whose opinion is expressed in the mishna? It is not Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Beroka and it is not Rabbi Shimon, as we learned in a mishna ( Eiruvin 82b): What is the measure for a joining of Shabbat boundaries [ eiruv ]? It consists of a quantity of food sufficient for two meals for each and every one of those included in the eiruv . The tanna’im disagree with regard to the definition of these two meals: It is referring to one’s food that he eats on a weekday and not on Shabbat; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehuda says: It is referring to the amount he eats on Shabbat and not on a weekday. And both this Sage, Rabbi Meir, and that Sage, Rabbi Yehuda, intend to be lenient, as Rabbi Meir maintains that people eat more food on Shabbat, whereas Rabbi Yehuda believes that they consume more on a weekday.

Segment 8

רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן בְּרוֹקָא אוֹמֵר: כִּכָּר הַלָּקוּחַ בְּפוּנְדְּיוֹן, מֵאַרְבַּע סְאִין לְסֶלַע. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: שְׁתֵּי יָדוֹת לַכִּכָּר, מִשָּׁלֹשׁ כִּכָּרוֹת לַקַּב.

Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Beroka says: Food for two meals is the size of a loaf bought with a pundeyon , which is one forty-eighth of a sela , when four se’a of wheat are sold for a sela . According to this calculation, a pundeyon can purchase one-twelfth of a se’a of wheat, which is equivalent to half of a kav , as there are six kav in a se’a . Therefore, according to Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Beroka, one quarter of a kav is sufficient for a single meal. Rabbi Shimon says: Food for two meals is two of three parts of a loaf, when three loaves are prepared from a kav of wheat. According to Rabbi Shimon, therefore, one-ninth of a kav of wheat is sufficient for a meal.

Segment 9

חֶצְיָהּ — לְבַיִת הַמְנוּגָּע. וַחֲצִי חֶצְיָהּ — לִפְסוֹל אֶת הַגְּוִיָּיה. וַחֲצִי חֲצִי חֶצְיָהּ — לְקַבֵּל טוּמְאַת אוֹכָלִין.

Having discussed the various opinions with regard to the size of a loaf of bread sufficient for a meal, the mishna states that half of this loaf is the amount called a half [ peras ], a measure relevant for the halakhot of a leprous house. If one enters a house afflicted with leprosy and remains there long enough to eat this amount of food, the clothes he is wearing become ritually impure. And half of its half, one quarter of a loaf this size, is the amount of ritually impure food that renders the body unfit. In other words, impure food of this amount imparts ritual impurity to the body of the eater and disqualifies him by rabbinic law from eating teruma . And half of one half of its half, one-eighth of this loaf, is the minimum measure of food that is susceptible to ritual impurity as food.

Segment 10

מַנִּי? אִי רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן בְּרוֹקָא, תַּמְנֵי הָוְיָין! וְאִי רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, תַּמְנֵי סְרֵי הָוְיָין!

After the citing the mishna, the Gemara returns to its question: Who is the author of the mishna here, which says a husband must provide two kav of wheat per week for his wife’s sustenance? If it is Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Beroka, who maintains that one quarter of a kav is sufficient for a single meal, there are only eight meals in two kav , and the wife requires at least fourteen meals for a week, as it was customary to eat two meals each day. And if it is Rabbi Shimon, who holds that one-ninth of a kav is sufficient for a meal, two kav are enough for eighteen meals, and therefore the mishna requires more than she actually needs.

Segment 11

לְעוֹלָם רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן בְּרוֹקָא, וְכִדְאָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא: צֵא מֵהֶן שְׁלִישׁ לַחֶנְווֹנִי. הָכָא נָמֵי: אַיְיתִי תִּילְתָּא שְׁדִי עֲלַיְיהוּ. אַכַּתִּי תַּרְתֵּי סְרֵי הָוְיָין! אוֹכֶלֶת עִמּוֹ לֵילֵי שַׁבָּת.

The Gemara answers: Actually, the mishna is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Beroka, and this is as Rav Ḥisda said in explanation of Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Beroka’s opinion: Deduct one-third for the grocer’s markup, as he takes one-third as profit. This adds one half to the total cost. Here, too, bring one-third and add it to the total amount of meals that can be provided by two kav of wheat. The Gemara raises a difficulty: Still, after adjusting the calculation by adding an additional half, a measurement known by the term: Outside third, to the amount of meals that can be eaten from two kav of wheat, they are equal to twelve meals. This is still not sufficient, as the wife requires fourteen. The Gemara answers: She eats with him on Shabbat evening. Consequently, this meal is not included in the amount that must be provided through the third party.

Segment 12

הָנִיחָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר אֲכִילָה מַמָּשׁ. אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר אֲכִילָה תַּשְׁמִישׁ, מַאי אִיכָּא לְמֵימַר? וְעוֹד, תְּלֵיסַר הָוְיָין! אֶלָּא כִּדְאָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא, צֵא מֵהֶן מֶחֱצָה לַחֶנְווֹנִי. הָכִי נָמֵי אַיְתִי פַּלְגָא וּשְׁדִי עֲלַיְיהוּ.

The Gemara asks: This works out well according to the one who says that when the mishna is referring to eating, it means literal eating. However, according to the one who says that this eating on Shabbat evening is a euphemism, and it is actually referring to conjugal relations, what can be said? And furthermore, even if the meal on Shabbat evening is omitted, they are still thirteen meals that she requires but she has enough for only twelve. Rather, this is as Rav Ḥisda said, with regard to Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Beroka’s opinion: Deduct one-half for the grocer’s markup. So too here, bring a half and add it to the total amount, which means she has enough for sixteen meals, not eight.

Segment 13

קַשְׁיָא דְּרַב חִסְדָּא אַדְּרַב חִסְדָּא! לָא קַשְׁיָא: הָא בְּאַתְרָא דְּיָהֲבִי צִיבֵי, הָא בְּאַתְרָא דְּלָא יָהֲבִי צִיבֵי.

The Gemara asks: This is difficult with regard to one statement of Rav Ḥisda, which seemingly contradicts the other statement of Rav Ḥisda. The Gemara answers: This is not difficult. This statement, that the grocer’s markup adds one-third to the price, is referring to a place where they also give money as a separate payment for the wood required to bake bread. That statement, that the grocer’s markup adds half, is referring to a place where they do not give money for wood, and therefore the markup must be higher to cover those costs.

Segment 14

אִי הָכִי, שִׁיתַּסְרֵי הָוְיָין. כְּמַאן, כְּרַבִּי חִידְקָא, דְּאָמַר: אַרְבַּע סְעוּדוֹת חַיָּיב אָדָם לֶאֱכוֹל בַּשַּׁבָּת.

After reconciling the apparent contradiction between the two statements of Rav Ḥisda, the Gemara returns to the opinion of Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Beroka. If so, according to the above calculation, there are sixteen meals, which is more than a woman requires in a week. The Gemara suggests: In that case, who is the author of the mishna? Is it in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Ḥidka, who said that a person is obligated to eat four meals on Shabbat? Since two meals are eaten on an ordinary weekday, this results in a total of sixteen meals a week.

Segment 15

אֲפִילּוּ תֵּימָא רַבָּנַן, דַּל חֲדָא לְאָרְחֵי וּפָרְחֵי.

The Gemara rejects this suggestion: You can even say that the mishna is in accordance with the opinion of the Rabbis, who maintain that one is obligated to eat only three meals on Shabbat, as you should remove one meal for guests and wayfarers. In other words, the husband cannot give his wife the absolute minimum amount she requires for herself and no more. He must give her enough to provide for the occasional visitor. Consequently, the total sum is somewhat more than was originally assumed.

Segment 16

הַשְׁתָּא דְּאָתֵית לְהָכִי, אֲפִילּוּ תֵּימָא רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: לְרַבָּנַן — דַּל תְּלָת לְאָרְחֵי וּפָרְחֵי, לְרַבִּי חִידְקָא — דַּל תַּרְתֵּי לְאָרְחֵי וּפָרְחֵי.

The Gemara adds: Now that you have arrived at this answer, you can even say that the mishna is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Shimon, who maintains that two kav is sufficient for eighteen meals. This can be explained either by saying that Rabbi Shimon agrees with the opinion of the Rabbis, that one eats three meals on Shabbat, if you remove three meals for guests and wayfarers, or that Rabbi Shimon agrees with the opinion of Rabbi Ḥidka, that four meals are eaten on Shabbat, in which case you must remove two meals for guests and wayfarers. In this manner, the mishna can be reconciled with all opinions.

Segment 17

אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי: לֹא פָּסַק שְׂעוֹרִין וְכוּ׳. אֶלָּא בֶּאֱדוֹם הוּא דְּאָכְלִין שְׂעוֹרִים, בְּכוּלֵּי עָלְמָא לָא אָכְלִי! הָכִי קָאָמַר: לֹא פָּסַק שְׂעוֹרִים כִּפְלַיִם בְּחִטִּין אֶלָּא רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל שֶׁהָיָה סָמוּךְ לֶאֱדוֹם, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁשְּׂעוֹרִין אֲדוֹמִיּוֹת רָעוֹת הֵן.

§ The mishna teaches that Rabbi Yosei said: Only Rabbi Yishmael, who was near Edom, allotted her barley. The Gemara asks: But does this indicate that it is only in Edom that they eat barley, whereas in the rest of the world they do not eat barley? This cannot be the case, as barley was eaten by the poor everywhere. The Gemara explains: This is what Rabbi Yosei is saying: Only Rabbi Yishmael, who was near Edom, allotted her a double amount of barley to that of wheat, since Edomite barley is bad, whereas elsewhere the barley is of a higher quality, and therefore the difference between barley and wheat is less marked.

Segment 18

וְנוֹתֵן לָהּ חֲצִי קַב קִיטְנִית. וְאִילּוּ יַיִן לָא קָתָנֵי. מְסַיַּיע לֵיהּ לְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר, דְּאָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר

§ The mishna further taught: And he must give her half a kav of legumes as well as oil and fruit. The Gemara comments: And yet wine is not taught in the mishna. This supports the opinion of Rabbi Elazar, as Rabbi Elazar said:

Ketubot 64b

Ketubot 64b

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