Menachot 78a

אָמַר רַב יִצְחָק בַּר אַבְדִּימִי: ״תִּהְיֶינָה״ כְּתִיב. אֵימָא עֲשָׂרָה קְפִיזֵי? אָמַר רָבָא: בְּעֶשְׂרוֹנוֹת דִּבֵּר הַכָּתוּב.

Rav Yitzḥak bar Avdimi said: “They shall be” [ tihyena ] is written with two instances of the letter yod . The superfluous yod , whose numerical value is ten, is interpreted to indicate that the loaves of leavened bread of the thanks offering must be prepared from ten tenths of flour. The Gemara raises an objection: Say that the superfluous yod indicates that the loaves must be prepared with ten half-kav, a smaller measure than ten tenths of an ephah? Rava says: One cannot say this, since the verse habitually spoke of tenths of an ephah and not other measures.

לָמַדְנוּ עֲשָׂרָה לְחָמֵץ. עֲשָׂרָה לְמַצָּה מִנַּיִן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״עַל חַלּוֹת לֶחֶם חָמֵץ״, כְּנֶגֶד חָמֵץ הָבֵא מַצָּה.

§ The Gemara continues its analysis of the baraita : We have learned that there are ten tenths of an ephah of flour for the loaves of leavened bread accompanying the thanks offering. From where is it derived that there are ten tenths of an ephah for the thirty loaves of matza ? The verse states: “With cakes of leavened bread,” after mentioning the three types of matza accompanying the thanks offering (Leviticus 7:12–13), indicating that one must bring the matza in a measure corresponding to the measure of the loaves of leavened bread.

וְכִי דָּבָר הַלָּמֵד בְּהֶיקֵּשׁ, חוֹזֵר וּמְלַמֵּד בְּהֶיקֵּשׁ? הֵימֶנּוּ וְדָבָר אַחֵר הוּא, וְכֹל הֵימֶנּוּ וְדָבָר אַחֵר – לָא הָוֵי הֶיקֵּשׁ.

The Gemara asks: But can a matter that was derived by comparison then come back and teach the matter by comparison with regard to consecrated matters? Since the halakha that the loaves of leavened bread of the thanks offering are prepared from ten tenths of an ephah is itself derived by comparison to the two loaves, can one then derive from it that the matza loaves of the thanks offering consist of ten tenths of an ephah? The Gemara responds: The halakha that the loaves of leavened bread consist of ten loaves made from ten tenths of an ephah is not derived solely by comparison to the two loaves; rather, it is derived from itself, as the halakha that there are ten loaves is stated in the verse concerning the thanks offering, and from another matter, and any halakha derived from itself and from another matter is not considered a comparison. Consequently, the halakha with regard to the matza loaves may be derived from it.

הָנִיחָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר לָא הָוֵי הֶיקֵּשׁ, אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר הָוֵי הֶיקֵּשׁ, מַאי אִיכָּא לְמֵימַר? ״תָּבִיאוּ״ רִבּוּיָא הִיא.

The Gemara asks: This works out well according to the one who says that a halakha derived from itself and from another matter does not constitute a comparison, but according to the one who says that a halakha derived from itself and from another matter does constitute a comparison, what is there to say? The Gemara responds: According to that opinion, the halakha that each loaf is prepared from a tenth of an ephah is derived from that which the verse states with regard to the two loaves: “You shall bring” (Leviticus 23:17), which is a term of amplification that serves to teach that the loaves of leavened bread of the thanks offering consist of ten tenths of an ephah of flour. Since this halakha is derived not by comparison but by amplification from the two loaves, one can derive the halakha with regard to the matza loaves by comparison to the loaves of leavened bread.

מַתְנִי׳ הַמִּילּוּאִים הָיוּ בָּאִין כַּמַּצָּה שֶׁבַּתּוֹדָה – חַלּוֹת, וּרְקִיקִין, (וּרְבִיכָה) [וּרְבוּכָה].

MISHNA: The loaves that accompanied the ram of the inauguration of the Tabernacle would come parallel to the three types of matza that accompany the thanks offering: Loaves, wafers, and loaves poached in water and made with oil (see Leviticus 8:26). The loaves of leavened bread that accompany the thanks offering were not brought with the ram of inauguration.

נְזִירוּת הָיְתָה בָּאָה שְׁתֵּי יָדוֹת כְּמַצָּה שֶׁל תּוֹדָה, חַלּוֹת וּרְקִיקִין, וְאֵין בָּהּ רְבוּכָה, נִמְצָא עֲשָׂרָה קַבִּין יְרוּשַׁלְמִית, שֶׁהֵן שִׁשָּׁה עֶשְׂרוֹנוֹת וְעוֹדְיִין.

The loaves that accompany the offering that the nazirite brings upon completion of his period of naziriteship would come with only two parts of the three types of matza that accompany the thanks offering, namely, loaves and wafers, but there is no matza poached in water (see Numbers 6:15). Consequently, the loaves of the offering of a nazirite are from ten kav of fine flour according to the Jerusalem measure, as taught in the previous mishna that each type of the loaves of matza comes from five kav of flour, which equal six-and-two-thirds tenths of an ephah according to the wilderness measure, as each type of the loaves of matza comes from three-and-one-third tenths of an ephah.

גְּמָ׳ מְנָא הָנֵי מִילֵּי? אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא, אָמַר רַב חָמָא בַּר גּוּרְיָא: דְּאָמַר קְרָא ״וּמִסַּל הַמַּצּוֹת אֲשֶׁר לִפְנֵי ה׳ לָקַח חַלַּת מַצָּה אַחַת וְחַלַּת לֶחֶם שֶׁמֶן אַחַת וְרָקִיק אֶחָד״. בִּשְׁלָמָא ״חַלּוֹת״ – חַלּוֹת, ״רָקִיק״ – רָקִיק, ״שֶׁמֶן״ מַאי נִינְהוּ? לָאו רְבוּכָה.

GEMARA: The mishna teaches that the loaves that accompanied the ram of the inauguration of the Tabernacle consisted of the three types of matza brought with a thanks offering: Loaves, wafers, and loaves poached in water and made with oil. The Gemara asks: From where are these matters derived? Rav Ḥisda said that Rav Ḥama bar Gurya said: It is derived from that which the verse states: “And out of the basket of unleavened bread that was before the Lord, he took one unleavened cake, and one cake of oiled bread, and one wafer” (Leviticus 8:26). Granted, “cakes” are cakes, and “wafer” is a wafer. But what is “oiled bread” referring to? Is this not referring to matza poached in water and made with oil?

מַתְקֵיף לַהּ רַב אַוְיָא: אֵימָא אַנְתָּא דְּמִשְׁחָא! אֶלָּא, כִּדְדָרֵשׁ רַב נַחְמָן בַּר רַב חִסְדָּא מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי טַבְלָא: ״זֶה קׇרְבַּן אַהֲרֹן וּבָנָיו אֲשֶׁר יַקְרִיבוּ לַה׳ בְּיוֹם הִמָּשַׁח אֹתוֹ״.

Rav Avya objects to this: One can say that “oiled bread” is referring to a cake of oil. Rather, derive it as Rav Naḥman bar Rav Ḥisda taught in the name of Rabbi Tavla, that the verse states: “This is the offering of Aaron and of his sons, which they shall bring to the Lord on the day when he is anointed: The tenth part of an ephah of fine flour for a meal offering perpetually, half of it in the morning and half of it in the evening. On a pan it shall be made with oil; when it is poached, you shall bring it in; in broken pieces shall you bring the meal offering for a pleasing aroma to the Lord. And the anointed priest that shall be in his stead from among his sons shall bring it” (Leviticus 6:13–15).

וְכִי מָה לָמַדְנוּ לְבָנָיו בְּיוֹם הִמָּשְׁחוֹ? אֶלָּא מַקִּישׁ חִינּוּכוֹ לְהִמָּשְׁחוֹ: מָה הִמָּשְׁחוֹ רְבוּכָה, אַף חִינּוּכוֹ רְבוּכָה.

One can ask: And what have we learned with regard to Aaron’s sons, i.e., the ordinary priests, from the instructions for the High Priest on the day that he is anointed? Rather, the verse juxtaposes the meal offering brought by an ordinary priest during his inauguration with the meal offering brought by the High Priest when he is anointed. This juxtaposition teaches that just as the meal offering brought by the High Priest when he is anointed is poached in water, so too the meal offering brought by an ordinary priest during his inauguration is poached in water. Similarly, the loaves brought with the ram of the inauguration of the Tabernacle included loaves poached in water.

אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא: כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל הַמִּתְקָרֵב לַעֲבוֹדָה צָרִיךְ שְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרוֹנוֹת הָאֵיפָה, אַחַת לְהִמָּשְׁחוֹ, וְאַחַת לְחִינּוּכוֹ. מָר בַּר רַב אָשֵׁי אָמַר: שָׁלֹשׁ.

§ Concerning the matter of the High Priest’s meal offering on the day of his inaugural service in the Temple, Rav Ḥisda says: A High Priest who approaches the Temple service on the day that he is anointed is required to bring two meal offerings consisting of two tenths of an ephah, one for the fact that he is anointed as the High Priest and must bring the daily meal offering of the High Priest, and one for his inauguration. Mar bar Rav Ashi says: He requires three tenths of an ephah.

וְלָא פְּלִיגִי, הָא – דַּעֲבַד עֲבוֹדָה כְּשֶׁהוּא כֹּהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, הָא – דְּלָא עֲבַד עֲבוֹדָה כְּשֶׁהוּא כֹּהֵן הֶדְיוֹט.

And they do not disagree. This one, Rav Ḥisda, is referring to a High Priest who already performed the Temple service as an ordinary priest. Accordingly, he has already brought a meal offering for his inauguration as an ordinary priest. He therefore brings only two tenths of flour, one for his inauguration as High Priest and one for the daily meal offering of the High Priest. And that one, Mar bar Rav Ashi, is referring to a High Priest who has not yet performed the Temple service as an ordinary priest. He must therefore bring three tenths, one for his inauguration as an ordinary priest, one for his inauguration as High Priest, and one for the daily meal offering of the High Priest.

נְזִירוּת הָיְתָה בָּאָה שְׁתֵּי יָדוֹת, כַּמַּצָּה שֶׁבַּתּוֹדָה.

§ The mishna teaches: The loaves that accompany the offering that the nazirite brings upon completion of his period of naziriteship would come with only two parts, parallel to the types of matza that come with the thanks offering, i.e., loaves and wafers, but not matza poached in water.

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: ״שְׁלָמָיו״ – לְרַבּוֹת שַׁלְמֵי נָזִיר, לַעֲשֶׂרֶת קַבִּין יְרוּשַׁלְמִיּוֹת וְלִרְבִיעִית שֶׁמֶן.

The Sages taught in a baraita : The verse states with regard to the loaves brought with a thanks offering: “If he sacrifices it for a thanks offering, then he shall sacrifice with the thanks offering unleavened cakes mingled with oil, and unleavened wafers spread with oil, and cakes mingled with oil, of fine flour poached. With cakes of leavened bread he shall present his offering with the sacrifice of his peace offerings for thanks” (Leviticus 7:12–13). “His peace offerings” serves to include the nazirite’s peace offering in the halakhot that its accompanying meal offerings must consist of ten Jerusalem kav and one-quarter of a log of oil, just like the measurements required for the cakes and wafers of the thanks offering.

יָכוֹל לְכׇל מָה שֶׁאָמוּר בָּעִנְיָן, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״מַצּוֹת״.

The baraita continues: One might have thought that the verse indicates that the meal offering of the nazirite’s peace offering is equivalent to the loaves of the thanks offering concerning all that is stated with regard to the matter of the thanks offering, and that one brings three types of matza consisting of fifteen Jerusalem kav and half a log of oil. Therefore, the verse states with regard to the nazirite’s peace offering: “And a basket of unleavened bread, loaves of fine flour mingled with oil, and unleavened wafers spread with oil” (Numbers 6:15), to indicate that the nazirite’s meal offering consists only of matza loaves and matza wafers, and not matza poached in water.

מַאי תַּלְמוּדָא? אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: דָּבָר שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ ״מַצּוֹת״, לְאַפּוֹקֵי רְבוּכָה דְּלֹא נֶאֱמַר בּוֹ ״מַצּוֹת״. דְּבֵי רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל תָּנָא: ״מַצּוֹת״ – כָּלַל, ״חַלּוֹת וּרְקִיקִין״ – פָּרַט, כְּלָל וּפְרָט אֵין בַּכְּלָל אֶלָּא מָה שֶׁבַּפְּרָט, חַלּוֹת וּרְקִיקִין – אִין, מִידֵּי אַחֲרִינָא – לָא.

The Gemara clarifies: What is the biblical derivation by which “ matza ” indicates that loaves poached in water were not brought? Rav Pappa says: The verse indicates that the nazirite brings matza specifically from an item of which it was stated: “ Matzot .” This serves to exclude loaves poached in water, of which it is not stated: Matzot . In addition, the school of Rabbi Yishmael taught: “Unleavened bread” is a generalization; “loaves of fine flour mingled with oil, and unleavened wafers spread with oil” is a detail. When the Torah states a generalization and a detail, the generalization includes only what is in the detail. Therefore, loaves and wafers are included in the nazirite’s meal offering, while other items are not.