משנה אהלות פרק י״ד

הַזִּיז מֵבִיא אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה כָּל שֶׁהוּא. הַגִּזְרָה וְהַגַּבְלִית, בְּפוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח. אֵיזֶהוּ הַזִּיז, שֶׁפָּנָיו לְמַטָּה. וְהַגִּזְרָה, שֶׁפָּנֶיהָ לְמָעְלָה. וּבַמָּה אָמְרוּ הַזִּיז מֵבִיא אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה כָל שֶׁהוּא, בְּזִיז שֶׁהוּא גָבוֹהַּ מִן הַפֶּתַח שְׁלשָׁה נִדְבָּכִין, שֶׁהֵם שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר טֶפַח. יָתֵר מִכָּאן, מֵבִיא אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה בְפוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח. הָעֲטָרוֹת וְהַפִּתּוּחִים מְבִיאִין אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה בְפוֹתֵחַ טָפַח:

A projection brings uncleanness, whatever width it may be; But a balcony or rounded balcony when they are one handbreadth wide. What is a projection? That [projection] whose surface slopes downwards, And a balcony's surface slopes upwards. In what [circumstances] did they say that a projection brings uncleanness whatever width it may be? With regard to a projection which is three rows of stones, or twelve handbreadths, above the doorway. When higher than that, it brings uncleanness only if it is one handbreadth wide. Cornices and carvings bring uncleanness when they are one handbreadth wide.

זִיז שֶׁעַל גַּבֵּי הַפֶּתַח, מֵבִיא אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה בְפוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח. שֶׁעַל גַּבֵּי הַחַלּוֹן, רוּם אֶצְבָּעַיִם, שֶׁעַל גַּבֵּי מְלֹא מַקְדֵּחַ, כָּל שֶׁהוּא. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, מְלֹאוֹ:

A projection that is above a doorway forms a passage for the uncleanness when it is one handbreadth wide; If above a window two fingerbreadths high or the size of a hole made by a drill, when of any width whatsoever. Rabbi Yose says: when of equal size [to the particular window].

קָנֶה שֶׁעַל גַּבֵּי הַפֶּתַח, אֲפִלּוּ גָבֹהַּ מֵאָה אַמָּה, מֵבִיא אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה כָל שֶׁהוּא, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר, אַל יַחְמוֹר זֶה מִן הַזִּיז:

A rod above a doorway, even if one hundred cubits higher, forms a passage for the uncleanness no matter its width, the words of Rabbi Joshua. Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri says: don't be more stringent than the case of a projection.

זִיז שֶׁהוּא סוֹבֵב אֶת כָּל הַבַּיִת וְאוֹכֵל בַּפֶּתַח שָׁלשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, טֻמְאָה בַבַּיִת, כֵּלִים שֶׁתַּחְתָּיו טְמֵאִים. טֻמְאָה תַחְתָּיו, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַבַּיִת, וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מְטַהֵר. וְכֵן בְּחָצֵר שֶׁהִיא מֻקֶּפֶת אַכְסַדְרָה:

[In the case of] a projection which goes all round the house, occupying space above the doorway to the extent of three fingerbreadths, if there is uncleanness in the house, vessels beneath [the projection] become unclean. If the uncleanness is beneath [the projection]: Rabbi Eliezer declares the house unclean, But Rabbi Joshua declares it clean. A similar [rule applies] to a courtyard surrounded by a portico.

שְׁנֵי זִיזִין זֶה עַל גַּבֵּי זֶה וְיֵשׁ בָּהֶן פּוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח וּבֵינֵיהֶן פּוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח, טֻמְאָה תַחְתֵּיהֶן, תַּחְתֵּיהֶן טָמֵא. בֵּינֵיהֶם, בֵּינֵיהֶן טָמֵא. עַל גַּבֵּיהֶן, כְּנֶגְדּוֹ עַד לָרָקִיעַ טָמֵא. הָיָה הָעֶלְיוֹן עוֹדֵף עַל הַתַּחְתּוֹן פּוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח, טֻמְאָה תַחְתֵּיהֶן אוֹ בֵינֵיהֶן, תַּחְתֵּיהֶן וּבֵינֵיהֶן טָמֵא. עַל גַּבֵּיהֶן, כְּנֶגְדּוֹ עַד לָרָקִיעַ טָמֵא. הָיָה הָעֶלְיוֹן עוֹדֵף עַל הַתַּחְתּוֹן פָּחוֹת מִטֶּפַח, טֻמְאָה תַחְתֵּיהֶן, תַּחְתֵּיהֶן וּבֵינֵיהֶן טָמֵא. בֵּינֵיהֶן אוֹ תַחַת הַמּוֹתָר, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, תַּחְתֵּיהֶן וּבֵינֵיהֶן טָמֵא. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, בֵּינֵיהֶן וְתַחַת הַמּוֹתָר, טָמֵא, וְתַחְתֵּיהֶן, טָהוֹר:

[With regard to] two projections, one [directly] above the other, each having a width of one handbreadth and a space of one handbreadth between them: If there is uncleanness beneath them, what is beneath them becomes unclean; If it is between them, what is between them becomes unclean; Above them, everything directly [above] to the sky becomes unclean. If the upper [projection] overlapped the lower to the extent of one handbreadth: If there is uncleanness beneath or between them, what is beneath and between them becomes unclean; If it is above them, what is directly [above] to the sky becomes unclean. If the upper [projection] overlapped the lower to an extent of less than a handbreadth: If there is uncleanness beneath them, what is beneath and between them becomes unclean; If it is between them or beneath the overlapping [part]: Rabbi Eliezer says: what is beneath them and between them becomes unclean. Rabbi Joshua says: what is between them and beneath the overlapping [part] becomes unclean, but what is beneath [the lower one] remains clean.

יֵשׁ בָּהֶן פּוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח וְאֵין בֵּינֵיהֶן פּוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח, טֻמְאָה תַחְתֵּיהֶן, תַּחְתֵּיהֶן טָמֵא. בֵּינֵיהֶן אוֹ עַל גַּבֵּיהֶן, כְּנֶגְדּוֹ עַד הָרָקִיעַ טָמֵא:

If they had a width of a handbreadth but there was not a space of a handbreadth between them: If there is uncleanness beneath them, what is beneath becomes unclean; If it is between them or above them, everything directly [above] to the sky becomes unclean.

אֵין בָּהֶן פּוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח, בֵּין שֶׁיֵּשׁ בֵּינֵיהֶן פּוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח בֵּין שֶׁאֵין בֵּינֵיהֶן פּוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח, טֻמְאָה תַחְתֵּיהֶן, בֵּינֵיהֶן אוֹ עַל גַּבֵּיהֶן, טֻמְאָה בוֹקַעַת וְעוֹלָה, בּוֹקַעַת וְיוֹרָדֶת. וְכֵן שְׁתֵּי יְרִיעוֹת שֶׁהֵן גְּבוֹהוֹת מִן הָאָרֶץ פּוֹתֵחַ טָפַח:

If they did not have a width of a handbreadth, whether there is a space of a handbreadth between them or whether there is not, if there is uncleanness beneath, between or above them, the uncleanness cleaves upwards and downwards. A similar [rule applies] to two curtains, [the lower one of which is] one handbreadth high off the ground.