שולחן ערוך אורח חיים · סימן רי״ג

English

On all fruits and other foods - aside from bread and wine - if there are two or more foods, then the blessing of one covers the other even without reclining. Sitting, however, is required specifically with bread or wine that does require reclining. But, for us, that's sitting just as like the type of reclining they used to do in tannaitic times. And, according to this, for us, since we do not recline when we eat, there's no differentiation between eating bread and drinking wine versus other food or beverages for consumption since, with regards to sitting, even with bread and wine, one blesses for all of them and not with sitting with other consumables also everybody blesses for oneself. But we say that one blesses for all of them with all other things aside from bread, that's with regards to the pre-consumption blessing, but with the post-consumption blessing, we do need to differentiate and everybody blesses for oneself since there is no call to blessing for fruits. GLOSS: And there are some who say that with all food and drink aside from bread and wine that reclining does not help, and this is similarly the case with our sitting. And, therefore, we are accustomed nowadays with fruits, that everyone who is at the meal blesses upon the fruits for themselves.

English

One who is blessing covers others, unless one is eating or drinking with them, and then they will depart their obligation with their listening when they are intending to be covered by that blessing, even if they hadn't answered "amen".

English

One does not fulfill their obligation by hearing the blessing, even if they answer Amen, unless they heard it from the beginning to the end and intended to fulfill their obligation through it, and the one who recited the blessing also intended to fulfill their obligation on their behalf.