Commentary page
Isaiah 13
This page gathers the commentary on one source unit: the classic commentaries as they are printed, the sources the text cites, the sages named in it and direct links back to the text.
Read the full text in the readerIsaiah Chapter 13
Isaiah Chapter 13 presents 22 verses in a searchable Hebrew text unit. This original reading guide identifies observable themes and a practical path through the chapter without adding an unverified interpretation.
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Begin with the opening verses, notice repetitions and transitions, then use the verse index to return to the exact line. The verse index is especially useful for following repeated words and changes in scene or voice.
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A unit-by-unit map of all 22 verses on this page: opening words, the moves the text actually makes and a link back to that exact verse.
- Verse 16 words
Opens “מַשָּׂ֖א בָּבֶ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָזָ֔ה יְשַֽׁעְיָ֖הוּ בֶּן־אָמֽוֹץ׃…”
- Verse 211 words
Opens “עַ֤ל הַר־נִשְׁפֶּה֙ שְֽׂאוּ־נֵ֔ס הָרִ֥ימוּ ק֖וֹל לָהֶ֑ם הָנִ֣יפוּ…”
- Verse 39 words
Opens “אֲנִ֥י צִוֵּ֖יתִי לִמְקֻדָּשָׁ֑י גַּ֣ם קָרָ֤אתִי גִבּוֹרַי֙ לְאַפִּ֔י…”
- Verse 415 words
Opens “ק֥וֹל הָמ֛וֹן בֶּהָרִ֖ים דְּמ֣וּת עַם־רָ֑ב ק֠וֹל שְׁא֞וֹן…”
- Verse 511 words
Opens “בָּאִ֛ים מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מֶרְחָ֖ק מִקְצֵ֣ה הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם יְהֹוָה֙ וּכְלֵ֣י…”
- Verse 68 words
Opens “הֵילִ֕ילוּ כִּ֥י קָר֖וֹב י֣וֹם יְהֹוָ֑ה כְּשֹׁ֖ד מִשַּׁדַּ֥י…”
- Verse 76 words
Opens “עַל־כֵּ֖ן כׇּל־יָדַ֣יִם תִּרְפֶּ֑ינָה וְכׇל־לְבַ֥ב אֱנ֖וֹשׁ יִמָּֽס׃…”
- Verse 812 words
Opens “וְֽנִבְהָ֓לוּ׀ צִירִ֤ים וַחֲבָלִים֙ יֹֽאחֵז֔וּן כַּיּוֹלֵדָ֖ה יְחִיל֑וּן אִ֤ישׁ…”
- Verse 913 words
Opens “הִנֵּ֤ה יוֹם־יְהֹוָה֙ בָּ֔א אַכְזָרִ֥י וְעֶבְרָ֖ה וַחֲר֣וֹן אָ֑ף…”
- Verse 1012 words
Opens “כִּֽי־כוֹכְבֵ֤י הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וּכְסִ֣ילֵיהֶ֔ם לֹ֥א יָהֵ֖לּוּ אוֹרָ֑ם חָשַׁ֤ךְ…”
- Verse 1111 words
Opens “וּפָקַדְתִּ֤י עַל־תֵּבֵל֙ רָעָ֔ה וְעַל־רְשָׁעִ֖ים עֲוֺנָ֑ם וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי֙ גְּא֣וֹן…”
- Verse 126 words
Opens “אוֹקִ֥יר אֱנ֖וֹשׁ מִפָּ֑ז וְאָדָ֖ם מִכֶּ֥תֶם אוֹפִֽיר׃…”
- Verse 1312 words
Opens “עַל־כֵּן֙ שָׁמַ֣יִם אַרְגִּ֔יז וְתִרְעַ֥שׁ הָאָ֖רֶץ מִמְּקוֹמָ֑הּ בְּעֶבְרַת֙…”
- Verse 1412 words
Opens “וְהָיָה֙ כִּצְבִ֣י מֻדָּ֔ח וּכְצֹ֖אן וְאֵ֣ין מְקַבֵּ֑ץ אִ֤ישׁ…”
- Verse 155 words
Opens “כׇּל־הַנִּמְצָ֖א יִדָּקֵ֑ר וְכׇל־הַנִּסְפֶּ֖ה יִפּ֥וֹל בֶּחָֽרֶב׃…”
- Verse 168 words
Opens “וְעֹלְלֵיהֶ֥ם יְרֻטְּשׁ֖וּ לְעֵינֵיהֶ֑ם יִשַּׁ֙סּוּ֙ בָּתֵּיהֶ֔ם וּנְשֵׁיהֶ֖ם (תשגלנה)…”
- Verse 1710 words
Opens “הִנְנִ֛י מֵעִ֥יר עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם אֶת־מָדָ֑י אֲשֶׁר־כֶּ֙סֶף֙ לֹ֣א יַחְשֹׁ֔בוּ…”
- Verse 189 words
Opens “וּקְשָׁת֖וֹת נְעָרִ֣ים תְּרַטַּ֑שְׁנָה וּפְרִי־בֶ֙טֶן֙ לֹ֣א יְרַחֵ֔מוּ עַל־בָּנִ֖ים…”
- Verse 1911 words
Opens “וְהָיְתָ֤ה בָבֶל֙ צְבִ֣י מַמְלָכ֔וֹת תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת גְּא֣וֹן כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים…”
- Verse 2012 words
Opens “לֹא־תֵשֵׁ֣ב לָנֶ֔צַח וְלֹ֥א תִשְׁכֹּ֖ן עַד־דּ֣וֹר וָד֑וֹר וְלֹא־יַהֵ֥ל…”
- Verse 2111 words
Opens “וְרָבְצוּ־שָׁ֣ם צִיִּ֔ים וּמָלְא֥וּ בָתֵּיהֶ֖ם אֹחִ֑ים וְשָׁ֤כְנוּ שָׁם֙…”
- Verse 2212 words
Opens “וְעָנָ֤ה אִיִּים֙ בְּאַלְמְנוֹתָ֔יו וְתַנִּ֖ים בְּהֵ֣יכְלֵי עֹ֑נֶג וְקָר֤וֹב…”
Rashi's commentary
Verse 21
Beasts, i.e — Deamons
Edition: Sefaria Community Translation. License: CC0. Sefaria.
Original text
מַשָּׂ֖א בָּבֶ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָזָ֔ה יְשַֽׁעְיָ֖הוּ בֶּן־אָמֽוֹץ׃
The “Babylon” Pronouncement, a prophecy of Isaiah son of Amoz.
עַ֤ל הַר־נִשְׁפֶּה֙ שְֽׂאוּ־נֵ֔ס הָרִ֥ימוּ ק֖וֹל לָהֶ֑ם הָנִ֣יפוּ יָ֔ד וְיָבֹ֖אוּ פִּתְחֵ֥י נְדִיבִֽים׃
“Raise a standard upon a bare hill, Cry aloud to them; Wave a hand, and let them enter The gates of the nobles!
אֲנִ֥י צִוֵּ֖יתִי לִמְקֻדָּשָׁ֑י גַּ֣ם קָרָ֤אתִי גִבּוֹרַי֙ לְאַפִּ֔י עַלִּיזֵ֖י גַּאֲוָתִֽי׃
I have summoned My purified guests To execute My wrath; Behold, I have called My stalwarts, My proudly exultant ones.”
ק֥וֹל הָמ֛וֹן בֶּהָרִ֖ים דְּמ֣וּת עַם־רָ֑ב ק֠וֹל שְׁא֞וֹן מַמְלְכ֤וֹת גּוֹיִם֙ נֶאֱסָפִ֔ים יְהֹוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת מְפַקֵּ֖ד צְבָ֥א מִלְחָמָֽה׃
Hark! a tumult on the mountains— As of a mighty force; Hark! an uproar of kingdoms, Nations assembling! G OD of Hosts is mustering A host for war.
בָּאִ֛ים מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מֶרְחָ֖ק מִקְצֵ֣ה הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם יְהֹוָה֙ וּכְלֵ֣י זַעְמ֔וֹ לְחַבֵּ֖ל כׇּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ {ס}
They come from a distant land, From the end of the sky— G OD with the weapons of divine wrath— To ravage all the earth!
הֵילִ֕ילוּ כִּ֥י קָר֖וֹב י֣וֹם יְהֹוָ֑ה כְּשֹׁ֖ד מִשַּׁדַּ֥י יָבֽוֹא׃
Howl! For the day of G OD is near; It shall come like havoc from Shaddai.
עַל־כֵּ֖ן כׇּל־יָדַ֣יִם תִּרְפֶּ֑ינָה וְכׇל־לְבַ֥ב אֱנ֖וֹשׁ יִמָּֽס׃
Therefore all hands shall grow limp, And every human heart shall sink;
וְֽנִבְהָ֓לוּ׀ צִירִ֤ים וַחֲבָלִים֙ יֹֽאחֵז֔וּן כַּיּוֹלֵדָ֖ה יְחִיל֑וּן אִ֤ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ יִתְמָ֔הוּ פְּנֵ֥י לְהָבִ֖ים פְּנֵיהֶֽם׃
And, overcome by terror, They shall be seized by pangs and throes, Writhe like a woman in travail. They shall gaze at each other in horror, Their faces livid with fright. as a variant of bhl ; in contrast to others “shall be faces of flame.”
הִנֵּ֤ה יוֹם־יְהֹוָה֙ בָּ֔א אַכְזָרִ֥י וְעֶבְרָ֖ה וַחֲר֣וֹן אָ֑ף לָשׂ֤וּם הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה וְחַטָּאֶ֖יהָ יַשְׁמִ֥יד מִמֶּֽנָּה׃
Lo! The day of G OD is coming With pitiless fury and wrath, To make the earth a desolation, To wipe out the sinners upon it.
כִּֽי־כוֹכְבֵ֤י הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וּכְסִ֣ילֵיהֶ֔ם לֹ֥א יָהֵ֖לּוּ אוֹרָ֑ם חָשַׁ֤ךְ הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ בְּצֵאת֔וֹ וְיָרֵ֖חַ לֹא־יַגִּ֥יהַּ אוֹרֽוֹ׃
The stars and constellations of heaven Shall not give off their light; The sun shall be dark when it rises, And the moon shall diffuse no glow.
וּפָקַדְתִּ֤י עַל־תֵּבֵל֙ רָעָ֔ה וְעַל־רְשָׁעִ֖ים עֲוֺנָ֑ם וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי֙ גְּא֣וֹן זֵדִ֔ים וְגַאֲוַ֥ת עָרִיצִ֖ים אַשְׁפִּֽיל׃
“And I will requite to the world its evil, And to the wicked their iniquity; I will put an end to the pride of the arrogant And humble the haughtiness of tyrants.
אוֹקִ֥יר אֱנ֖וֹשׁ מִפָּ֑ז וְאָדָ֖ם מִכֶּ֥תֶם אוֹפִֽיר׃
I will make people scarcer than fine gold, And mortals [more scarce] than gold of Ophir.”
עַל־כֵּן֙ שָׁמַ֣יִם אַרְגִּ֔יז וְתִרְעַ֥שׁ הָאָ֖רֶץ מִמְּקוֹמָ֑הּ בְּעֶבְרַת֙ יְהֹוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וּבְי֖וֹם חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽוֹ׃
Therefore shall heaven be shaken, And earth leap out of its place, At the fury of G OD of Hosts On the day of God’s burning wrath.
וְהָיָה֙ כִּצְבִ֣י מֻדָּ֔ח וּכְצֹ֖אן וְאֵ֣ין מְקַבֵּ֑ץ אִ֤ישׁ אֶל־עַמּוֹ֙ יִפְנ֔וּ וְאִ֥ישׁ אֶל־אַרְצ֖וֹ יָנֽוּסוּ׃
Then like gazelles that are chased, And like sheep that no one gathers, Each man shall turn back to his people, They shall flee every one to his land.
כׇּל־הַנִּמְצָ֖א יִדָּקֵ֑ר וְכׇל־הַנִּסְפֶּ֖ה יִפּ֥וֹל בֶּחָֽרֶב׃
All who remain shall be pierced through, All who are caught Shall fall by the sword.
וְעֹלְלֵיהֶ֥ם יְרֻטְּשׁ֖וּ לְעֵינֵיהֶ֑ם יִשַּׁ֙סּוּ֙ בָּתֵּיהֶ֔ם וּנְשֵׁיהֶ֖ם (תשגלנה) [תִּשָּׁכַֽבְנָה]׃
And their babes shall be dashed to pieces in their sight, Their homes shall be plundered, And their wives shall be raped.
הִנְנִ֛י מֵעִ֥יר עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם אֶת־מָדָ֑י אֲשֶׁר־כֶּ֙סֶף֙ לֹ֣א יַחְשֹׁ֔בוּ וְזָהָ֖ב לֹ֥א יַחְפְּצוּ־בֽוֹ׃
“Behold, I stir up the Medes against them, Who do not value silver Or delight in gold.
וּקְשָׁת֖וֹת נְעָרִ֣ים תְּרַטַּ֑שְׁנָה וּפְרִי־בֶ֙טֶן֙ לֹ֣א יְרַחֵ֔מוּ עַל־בָּנִ֖ים לֹא־תָח֥וּס עֵינָֽם׃
Their bows shall shatter the young; They shall show no pity to infants, They shall not spare the children.”
וְהָיְתָ֤ה בָבֶל֙ צְבִ֣י מַמְלָכ֔וֹת תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת גְּא֣וֹן כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים כְּמַהְפֵּכַ֣ת אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶת־סְדֹ֖ם וְאֶת־עֲמֹרָֽה׃
And Babylon, glory of kingdoms, Proud splendor of the Chaldeans, Shall become like Sodom and Gomorrah Overturned by God.
לֹא־תֵשֵׁ֣ב לָנֶ֔צַח וְלֹ֥א תִשְׁכֹּ֖ן עַד־דּ֣וֹר וָד֑וֹר וְלֹא־יַהֵ֥ל שָׁם֙ עֲרָבִ֔י וְרֹעִ֖ים לֹא־יַרְבִּ֥צוּ שָֽׁם׃
Nevermore shall it be settled Nor dwelt in through all the ages. No Arab shall pitch his tent there, No shepherds make flocks lie down there.
וְרָבְצוּ־שָׁ֣ם צִיִּ֔ים וּמָלְא֥וּ בָתֵּיהֶ֖ם אֹחִ֑ים וְשָׁ֤כְנוּ שָׁם֙ בְּנ֣וֹת יַעֲנָ֔ה וּשְׂעִירִ֖ים יְרַקְּדוּ־שָֽׁם׃
But beasts shall lie down there, And the houses be filled with owls; There shall ostriches make their home, And there shall satyrs dance.
וְעָנָ֤ה אִיִּים֙ בְּאַלְמְנוֹתָ֔יו וְתַנִּ֖ים בְּהֵ֣יכְלֵי עֹ֑נֶג וְקָר֤וֹב לָבוֹא֙ עִתָּ֔הּ וְיָמֶ֖יהָ לֹ֥א יִמָּשֵֽׁכוּ׃
And jackals shall abide in its castles And dragons in the palaces of pleasure. Her hour is close at hand; Her days will not be long.
English translation: THE JPS TANAKH: Gender-Sensitive Edition · CC-BY-NC