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Yevamot 60a

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Babylonian Talmud · folio map

Yevamot 60a

Yevamot 60a. The full printed text of this folio side — 16 numbered segments, about 401 words — with the classic commentaries printed on the page.

Original text

Segment 1

שֶׁאֵין מְשַׁלֵּם קְנָס בִּמְפוּתָּה.

that he does not pay the fine of a seduced woman. One who seduced a woman and does not wish to marry her must pay a fine (see Exodus 22:14–15). Since in this case he did marry her, he is not liable to pay the fine even though he is required to divorce her.

Segment 2

אֲזַל רַב גְּבִיהָה מִבֵּי כָתִיל, אַמְרַהּ לִשְׁמַעְתָּא קַמֵּיהּ דְּרַב אָשֵׁי. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: וְהָא רַב וְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן דְּאָמְרִי תַּרְוַיְיהוּ: בּוֹגֶרֶת וּמוּכַּת עֵץ — לֹא יִשָּׂא, וְאִם נָשָׂא — נָשׂוּי.

The Gemara relates that when Rav Geviha went from Bei Ketil he stated this halakha before Rav Ashi, who said to him: Isn’t it Rav and Rabbi Yoḥanan who both say: A High Priest may not marry a grown woman and a woman whose hymen was torn accidentally, but if he married one of them he is married?

Segment 3

אַלְמָא: סוֹפָהּ לִהְיוֹת בּוֹגֶרֶת תַּחְתָּיו, סוֹפָהּ לִהְיוֹת מוּכַּת עֵץ תַּחְתָּיו. הָכָא נָמֵי: סוֹפָהּ לִהְיוֹת בְּעוּלָה תַּחְתָּיו. קַשְׁיָא.

Apparently, the reason for this halakha is that since she will eventually be a grown woman under him, i.e., while married to him, and she will eventually be a woman whose hymen was torn under him, as she will not remain a virgin, they are permitted to remain married after the fact. Here too, in the case of a High Priest who married a woman he raped or seduced, since she will eventually be a non-virgin under him, the baraita should be understood as stating that they may remain married. The Gemara concludes: Indeed, this is difficult for Rav Huna.

Segment 4

אֲנוּסַת חֲבֵירוֹ וּמְפוּתַּת חֲבֵירוֹ — לֹא יִשָּׂא. וְאִם נָשָׂא — רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר: הַוָּלָד חָלָל, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: הַוָּלָד כָּשֵׁר. אָמַר רַב הוּנָא אָמַר רַב: הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב. וְכֵן אָמַר רַב גִּידֵּל אָמַר רַב: הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב.

§ The baraita cited above taught: With regard to a woman who was raped by another man and a woman seduced by another man, the High Priest may not marry her. And if he married her, Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov says that the child born from this union is a ḥalal , and the Rabbis say the lineage of the offspring is unflawed. Rav Huna said that Rav said: The halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov. And, so too, Rav Giddel said that Rav said: The halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov.

Segment 5

אִיכָּא דְּאָמְרִי, אָמַר רַב הוּנָא אָמַר רַב: מַאי טַעְמָא דְּרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב — סָבַר לַהּ כְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר.

Some say a different version of this statement. Rav Huna said that Rav said: What is the reason of Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov? He holds in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Elazar, that an unmarried man who has intercourse with an unmarried woman has thereby caused her to become a zona . Consequently, since the other man had intercourse with this woman outside of the context of marriage, she is a zona .

Segment 6

וּמִי סָבַר לַהּ כְּוָתֵיהּ? וְהָא קַיְימָא לַן: מִשְׁנַת רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב קַב וְנָקִי. וְאִילּוּ בְּהָא אָמַר רַב עַמְרָם אָמַר רַב: אֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר. קַשְׁיָא.

The Gemara asks: Does he really hold in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Elazar? Don’t we maintain that the teaching of Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov measures a kav but is clean, i.e., not many of his rulings have been recorded, but those that have been recorded are considered authoritative, and the halakha is always in accordance with his opinion? However, with regard to this ruling of Rabbi Elazar, Rav Amram said that Rav said that the halakha is not in accordance with Rabbi Elazar. The Gemara comments: This is indeed difficult.

Segment 7

רַב אָשֵׁי אָמַר: בְּיֵשׁ חָלָל מֵחַיָּיבֵי עֲשֵׂה קָמִיפַּלְגִי. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב סָבַר: יֵשׁ חָלָל מֵחַיָּיבֵי עֲשֵׂה, וְרַבָּנַן סָבְרִי: אֵין חָלָל מֵחַיָּיבֵי עֲשֵׂה.

Rav Ashi said: This is not the reason for the dispute. Rather, they disagree with regard to whether there is a ḥalal from a relationship for which the man and woman are liable for transgressing a positive mitzva. The marriage of a High Priest to a non-virgin is a violation of the mitzva that a High Priest marry a virgin, but it is not expressed in the Torah as a prohibition against a High Priest marrying a non-virgin. Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov holds that there is a ḥalal from a relationship for which the man and woman are liable for violating a positive mitzva, and the Rabbis hold that there is no ḥalal from a relationship for which the man and woman are liable for violating a positive mitzva.

Segment 8

מַאי טַעְמָא דְּרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב — דִּכְתִיב: ״אַלְמָנָה וּגְרוּשָׁה וַחֲלָלָה זוֹנָה אֶת אֵלֶּה לֹא יִקָּח כִּי אִם בְּתוּלָה וְגוֹ׳״, וּכְתִיב: ״וְלֹא יְחַלֵּל זַרְעוֹ בְּעַמָּיו״, אַכּוּלְּהוּ.

What is the reason of Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov? As it is written: “A widow, or one divorced, or a ḥalala , or a zona , these shall he not take; but a virgin of his own people shall he take for a wife” (Leviticus 21:14), and it states subsequently: “And he shall not profane his seed among his people” (Leviticus 21:15). Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov maintains that this profanation is referring to all of them, i.e., he profanes his seed by marrying any woman unfit for him, including a non-virgin.

Segment 9

וְרַבָּנַן: ״אֵלֶּה״ הִפְסִיק הָעִנְיָן. וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אָמַר: ״אֵלֶּה״ לְמַעוֹטֵי נִדָּה.

And what do the Sages hold? The word “these” concluded discussion of that matter. Consequently, only the prohibitions listed before the phrase “these shall he not take” result in the offspring being a ḥalal . And Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov said: The word “these” comes to exclude a menstruating woman. If a priest has relations with a menstruating woman, the offspring is not a ḥalal , as this is not a prohibition specific to priests.

Segment 10

כְּמַאן אָזְלָא הָא דְּתַנְיָא: מֵ״אֵלֶּה״ אַתָּה עוֹשֶׂה חָלָל, וְאִי אַתָּה עוֹשֶׂה חָלָל מִנִּדָּה. כְּמַאן — כְּרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב. וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב, נִכְתְּבֵיהּ לְ״אֵלֶּה״ לְבַסּוֹף? קַשְׁיָא.

The Gemara asks: In accordance with whose opinion is that which is taught in the following baraita : From the prohibitions preceding the phrase “these shall he not take” you cause your offspring to be a ḥalal , but you do not cause your offspring to be a ḥalal by having a child with a menstruating woman. In accordance with whose opinion is it? It is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov. The Gemara asks: And according to Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov, let the verse write the word these at the end, after stating that a High Priest must marry a virgin, in order to make it clear that if he marries a non-virgin their child is a ḥalal . The Gemara responds: Indeed, this is difficult.

Segment 11

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: אֲחוֹתוֹ אֲרוּסָה, רַבִּי מֵאִיר וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמְרִים: מִטַּמֵּא לָהּ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמְרִים: אֵין מִטַּמֵּא לָהּ. אֲנוּסָה וּמְפוּתָּה — דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל אֵין מִטַּמֵּא לָהּ. וּמוּכַּת עֵץ — אֵין מִטַּמֵּא לָהּ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן. שֶׁהָיָה רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: רְאוּיָה לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל — מִטַּמֵּא לָהּ, שֶׁאֵין רְאוּיָה לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל — אֵין מִטַּמֵּא לָהּ.

§ The Sages taught: With regard to a priest’s betrothed sister, Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Yehuda say: He must become impure for her upon her death. Rabbi Yosei and Rabbi Shimon say: He may not become impure for her. With regard to his sister who has been raped or seduced, all agree that he may not become impure for her upon her death. With regard to his sister whose hymen was torn accidentally, he may not become impure for her; this is the statement of Rabbi Shimon, as Rabbi Shimon would say the following principle: If his sister was fit for a High Priest, he must become impure for her, but if she was not fit for a High Priest, he may not become impure for her.

Segment 12

וּבוֹגֶרֶת — מִטַּמֵּא לָהּ, דִּבְרֵי כׇּל אָדָם.

And if his sister was a grown woman, he must become impure for her according to everyone. Even those who hold that a High Priest may not marry a grown woman because her hymen is no longer whole agree that with regard to a priest becoming impure, she is considered a virgin and he must therefore become impure for her upon her death.

Segment 13

מַאי טַעְמָא דְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה — דְּדָרְשִׁי הָכִי: ״וְלַאֲחוֹתוֹ הַבְּתוּלָה״ — פְּרָט לַאֲנוּסָה וּמְפוּתָּה.

The Gemara analyzes this baraita : What is the reason of Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Yehuda? They expound the verse as follows: “And for his virgin sister, who is near to him, who has had no man, for her must he defile himself” (Leviticus 21:3). “And for his virgin sister” excludes one who has been raped or seduced, as they are not virgins.

Segment 14

יָכוֹל שֶׁאֲנִי מוֹצִיא אַף מוּכַּת עֵץ — תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״אֲשֶׁר לֹא הָיְתָה לְאִישׁ״. מִי שֶׁהֲוָיָיתָהּ עַל יְדֵי אִישׁ, יָצְאָה זוֹ שֶׁאֵין הֲוָיָיתָהּ עַל יְדֵי אִישׁ. ״הַקְּרוֹבָה״ — לְרַבּוֹת הָאֲרוּסָה. ״אֵלָיו״ — לְרַבּוֹת הַבּוֹגֶרֶת.

One might have thought that I should exclude even a woman whose hymen was torn accidentally via a foreign object. The verse therefore states: “Who has had no man,” to include only one whose becoming a non-virgin was caused by a man, i.e., through intercourse. This case of a woman whose becoming a non-virgin was not caused by a man but rather by an object is thereby excluded from the category of a non-virgin, and her brother does become impure for her. “Who is near”; this is to include a betrothed sister. “To him”; this is to include a grown woman.

Segment 15

הָא לְמָה לִי קְרָא? וְהָאָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר: ״בְּתוּלָה״ — אֲפִילּוּ מִקְצָת בְּתוּלָה מַשְׁמַע! אִיצְטְרִיךְ, סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ אָמֵינָא נֵילַף ״בְּתוּלָה״ ״בְּתוּלָה״ מֵהָתָם: מָה לְהַלָּן נַעֲרָה, אַף כָּאן נָמֵי נַעֲרָה, קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.

The Gemara asks: Why do I need a verse to include a grown woman? Didn’t Rabbi Meir say that the word “virgin” indicates even a woman who is partly a virgin, i.e., a grown woman, whose hymen is partially intact? Consequently, when the verse states that the priest becomes impure for his virgin sister, a grown woman is included. The Gemara answers: The derivation from the verse is necessary, as it might enter your mind to say that we should derive a verbal analogy from the word “virgin” in this context and the word “virgin” from there, the context of a High Priest: In the analogy, just as there the virgin referred to is a young woman and not a grown woman, so too here she must be a young woman. The verse therefore teaches us that a priest becomes impure for his sister even if she is a grown woman.

Segment 16

וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, מַאי טַעְמַיְיהוּ — דָּרְשִׁי הָכִי: ״וְלַאֲחוֹתוֹ הַבְּתוּלָה״ — פְּרָט לַאֲנוּסָה וּמְפוּתָּה וּמוּכַּת עֵץ, ״אֲשֶׁר לֹא הָיְתָה״ — פְּרָט לַאֲרוּסָה, ״הַקְּרוֹבָה״ — לְרַבּוֹת אֲרוּסָה שֶׁנִּתְגָּרְשָׁה, ״אֵלָיו״ — לְרַבּוֹת אֶת הַבּוֹגֶרֶת. ״הַקְּרוֹבָה״ — לְרַבּוֹת אֲרוּסָה שֶׁנִּתְגָּרְשָׁה,

And Rabbi Yosei and Rabbi Shimon, what is their reason? They expound as follows: “And for his virgin sister” excludes a woman who was raped or seduced and a woman whose hymen was torn accidentally, who is also not considered a virgin. “Who has had no man” excludes a betrothed sister, although she is not yet fully married. “Who is near”; this is to include a betrothed woman who was then divorced, as she is once again near to her brother. “To him”; this is to include a grown woman. The Gemara asks: Can the term “who is near” come to include a betrothed woman who was divorced?

Yevamot 60a

Yevamot 60a

Rashi

Tosafot

Rashba

Ritva

Meiri

Maharsha (Chidushei Halachot)

Maharam

Gilyon HaShas

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