Commentary page

Yevamot 103a

This page gathers the commentary on one source unit: the classic commentaries as they are printed, the sources the text cites, the sages named in it and direct links back to the text.

Read the full text in the reader

Babylonian Talmud · folio map

Yevamot 103a

Yevamot 103a. The full printed text of this folio side — 17 numbered segments, about 338 words — with the classic commentaries printed on the page.

Original text

Segment 1

בֵּין עוֹמֵד, בֵּין יוֹשֵׁב, בֵּין מוּטֶּה, וְהַחוֹלֶצֶת מִן הַסּוֹמֵא — חֲלִיצָתָהּ כְּשֵׁרָה. אֲבָל בְּמִנְעָל הַנִּפְרָם שֶׁאֵין חוֹפֶה אֶת רוֹב הָרֶגֶל, בְּסַנְדָּל הַנִּפְחָת שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְקַבֵּל אֶת רוֹב הָרֶגֶל, וּבִסְמִיכַת הַיָּדַיִם, וּבְאַנְפִּילְיָא שֶׁל בֶּגֶד, וְחוֹלֶצֶת מִן הַקָּטָן — חֲלִיצָתָהּ פְּסוּלָה.

whether the yavam is standing or sitting or leaning; and a woman who performs ḥalitza on a blind yavam ; in all of these cases her ḥalitza is valid. But if she performs ḥalitza when he is wearing a shoe that is so torn that it does not cover most of the foot; or using a broken sandal that does not hold most of the foot; or using a hand blanket that the amputee wears on his hands, similar to a leather shoe, in order to drag himself using them; or using a soft shoe [ anpileya ] made of cloth; or a woman who performs halitza with a yavam who is a minor; in all these cases her ḥalitza is disqualified.

Segment 2

קַב הַקִּיטֵּעַ, מַנִּי — רַבִּי מֵאִיר הִיא, דִּתְנַן: הַקִּיטֵּעַ יוֹצֵא בְּקַב שֶׁלּוֹ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹסֵר.

The Gemara comments: Who is the tanna who holds that an amputee’s prosthetic is considered a shoe? It is Rabbi Meir, as we learned in a mishna ( Shabbat 65b): One with an amputated leg may go out on Shabbat with his wooden leg, as it has the legal status of a shoe; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. He reasons that the prosthesis functions like the shoe of any other person, indicating that Rabbi Meir is not especially concerned about the material from which the shoe is made. And Rabbi Yosei, on the other hand, prohibits the amputee from going out on Shabbat with his wooden leg, as he does not consider it a shoe that is being worn, but rather a wooden object that is being carried.

Segment 3

בְּאַנְפִּילְיָא שֶׁל בֶּגֶד, אֲתָאן לְרַבָּנַן!

The Gemara asks how Rabbi Meir can be the tanna of the baraita , as the continuation of the baraita states ḥalitza is disqualified if performed with an anpileya made of cloth, as this cloth shoe is not to be considered a shoe. If so, have we come to the opinion of the Rabbis, who rule in accordance with Rabbi Yosei, and render it prohibited to use any shoes for ḥalitza that are not made of leather?

Segment 4

אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: מִדְּסֵיפָא רַבָּנַן, רֵישָׁא נָמֵי רַבָּנַן. וְרֵישָׁא, בִּמְחוּפֶּה עוֹר.

In an attempt to resolve the contradiction Abaye said: Since the latter clause of the baraita is in accordance with the Rabbis, who rule like Rabbi Yosei, the first clause is also in accordance with the Rabbis. And therefore the first clause, which permits the amputee’s prosthesis, is referring to a prosthetic foot covered in leather, as it constitutes a shoe due to its leather exterior.

Segment 5

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רָבָא: אֲבָל אֵין מְחוּפֶּה עוֹר, מַאי — פָּסוּל? אִי הָכִי, אַדְּתָנֵי סֵיפָא בְּאַנְפִּילְיָא שֶׁל בֶּגֶד, לִיפְלוֹג בְּדִידַהּ: בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים: בִּמְחוּפֶּה עוֹר, אֲבָל אֵין מְחוּפֶּה עוֹר — פָּסוּל!

Rava said to him: But according to your explanation, if the prosthesis is not covered in leather, what would its status be? It would be unfit. If so, rather than teaching in the latter clause: Anpileya made of cloth is invalid for ḥalitza , let it distinguish within the matter itself and say: In what case is this statement that a wooden prosthesis is fit said? It is in the case of a prosthetic leg covered in leather, but if it is not covered in leather, it is unfit.

Segment 6

אֶלָּא אָמַר רָבָא: מִדְּרֵישָׁא רַבִּי מֵאִיר, סֵיפָא נָמֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר: הַאי — מַגֵּין, וְהַאי — לָא מַגֵּין.

Rather, the fact that the baraita was not taught in that manner indicates that Abaye’s explanation is incorrect. Therefore, Rava said that the contradiction should be reconciled in another way: Since the first clause of the baraita is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Meir, that the shoes need not be made of leather, the latter clause is also taught in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Meir , and the distinction between a wooden prosthetic and an anpileya of cloth is: This prosthesis protects the foot, and that soft shoe does not protect the foot, as it does not have a hard sole. Rabbi Meir does not require that the shoe be of leather, but he does require that it be protective footwear.

Segment 7

אָמַר אַמֵּימָר: הַאי מַאן דְּחָלֵיץ, צָרִיךְ לְמִדְחֲסֵיהּ לְכַרְעֵיהּ.

With regard to the statement in the baraita that indicates that ḥalitza may be performed even if the yavam is not standing, Ameimar said: The one who performs ḥalitza by having his yevama remove his shoe must press his foot to the ground, and while in this position the yevama will remove his shoe.

Segment 8

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב אָשֵׁי לְאַמֵּימָר, וְהָתַנְיָא: בֵּין עוֹמֵד, בֵּין יוֹשֵׁב, בֵּין מוּטֶּה! אֵימָא: וּלְעוֹלָם דְּדָחֵיס לְכַרְעֵיהּ.

Rav Ashi said to Ameimar: But isn’t it taught in the baraita above: She may perform ḥalitza whether he was standing or sitting or leaning? One who is leaning cannot easily press his foot into the ground. He answered him: Say that the man may perform ḥalitza while in any of these positions, but that actually this is true only if he presses his foot to the ground, which is admittedly more difficult to do while leaning.

Segment 9

וְאָמַר אַמֵּימָר: הַאי מַאן דִּמְסַגֵּי עַל לִיחֲתָא דְּכַרְעֵיהּ, לָא חָלֵיץ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב אָשֵׁי לְאַמֵּימָר, וְהָתַנְיָא: סְמִיכוּת הָרַגְלַיִם, לָאו דְּחָלֵיץ בַּהּ אִיהוּ? לָא, דְּיָהֵיב לֵיהּ לְאַחֵר וְחָלֵיץ.

And Ameimar also said about this issue: Someone who walks on the backs of his feet, meaning he is clubfooted and his foot is twisted upside down, cannot perform ḥalitza . Rav Ashi said to Ameimar: But isn’t it taught in a baraita : Leg supports can be used for ḥalitza . Does this not mean that this lame individual performs ḥalitza using these supports on his knees? This would indicate that even one with twisted feet can perform ḥalitza . The Gemara answers: No, the intention is that if he gave these supports to another whose foot is shaped normally and he wore them while performing ḥalitza , it is valid. That other one is allowed to perform ḥalitza while wearing these supports because they are also considered shoes, but one whose foot is misshapen may not perform ḥalitza with them, as it functions for him as a foot, not a shoe.

Segment 10

אָמַר רַב אָשֵׁי: לְמַאי דְּקָאָמַר אַמֵּימָר, לָאו בַּר אוֹבָא חָלֵיץ, וְלָאו בַּר קִיפוֹף חָלֵיץ.

Rav Ashi said: According to what Ameimar said, bar Uva cannot perform ḥalitza and bar Kipof cannot perform ḥalitza , as these two, who were famous eulogizers in Rav Ashi’s generation, had feet that became so crooked that they were unable to walk normally.

Segment 11

מִן הָאַרְכּוּבָּה וּלְמַטָּה כּוּ׳. וּרְמִינְהִי: רְגָלִים — פְּרָט לְבַעֲלֵי קַבִּין!

It was taught in the mishna that if one’s leg was amputated from the knee down and his yevama performed ḥalitza with him, the ḥalitza is valid. The Gemara raises a contradiction from a baraita that comments on the pilgrimage one makes to Jerusalem during a Festival. The Torah states: “Three Festivals [ regalim ] you shall celebrate for Me in the year” (Exodus 23:14). The baraita comments on the verse: Festivals are referred to in the verse as regalim , which literally means feet, indicating that one must actually make the pilgrimage to Jerusalem by foot [ regel ] during the Festival, which comes to exclude people who have prostheses. This indicates that a prosthetic foot is not called a regel , which seems to contradict the mishna that allows ḥalitza on a prosthetic from the knee down.

Segment 12

שָׁאנֵי הָכָא, דִּכְתִיב: ״מֵעַל רַגְלוֹ״. אִי הָכִי, לְמַעְלָה מִן הָאַרְכּוּבָּה נָמֵי! ״מֵעַל״, וְלָא מֵעַל דְּמֵעַל.

The Gemara answers: It is different here, with respect to ḥalitza , as it is written: “She removes the shoe from on his foot [ me’al raglo ]” (Deuteronomy 25:9), which indicates that not only can his actual foot be used for performing ḥalitza , but also the part above it, i.e., the calf. The Gemara objects: If that is so, that one may use a part of his leg above his foot to perform ḥalitza , then if one’s leg was amputated from above the knee, he should also be eligible for ḥalitza ; and yet, the same mishna taught that only one with a leg amputated from below the knee is eligible for ḥalitza . The Gemara answers that the verse states: “From on his foot,” meaning above his foot, but not: From on that which is on his foot; the wording indicates that it can be above his foot until the knee, but not any further above that.

Segment 13

אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ, הַאי אִיסְתָּוִירָא עַד אַרְעָא נָחֵית. דְּאִי סָלְקָא דַעְתָּךְ מִיפְסָק פָּסֵיק, הָוֵה לֵיהּ אִיהוּ ״מֵעַל״, וְשׁוֹקָא מֵעַל דְּמֵעַל! אָמַר רַב אָשֵׁי: אֲפִילּוּ תֵּימָא מִיפְסָק פָּסֵיק, כֹּל דְּבַהֲדֵי כַּרְעָא — כְּכַרְעָא דָּמֵי.

Rav Pappa said: Learn from here that the heel bone [ istavira ] reaches to the ground where it connects to the foot, for if it enters your mind to say that it is separate and divided, and there is another bone in between, then that ankle bone is “from on the foot” and the calf would be prohibited for ḥalitza , as it would be considered: From on that which is on his foot. Rav Ashi said: Even if you say that it is separate and divided from the calf, because anything that is connected with the sole of the foot is considered like the foot, then the ankle is certainly part of the foot, making the calf the area that is “from on the foot.”

Segment 14

מִן הָאַרְכּוּבָּה וּלְמַעְלָה. מֵתִיב רַב כָּהֲנָא: ״וּבְשִׁלְיָתָהּ הַיּוֹצֵאת מִבֵּין רַגְלֶיהָ״! אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁכּוֹרַעַת לֵילֵד, נוֹעֶצֶת עֲקֵבֶיהָ בְּיַרְכוֹתֶיהָ וְיוֹלֶדֶת.

It was taught in the mishna that if one’s legs were amputated from the knee and above, the ḥalitza is invalid. This implies that the regel includes the calf but not the thigh. Rav Kahana raised an objection from the verse: “And against her afterbirth that emerges from between her legs [ ragleha ]” (Deuteronomy 28:57), implying that regel includes even the thighs. Abaye said: The verse actually means between her feet, as when a woman crouches to give birth, she pushes her heels into her thighs and she gives birth, so it appears as if the fetus emerges from between her feet.

Segment 15

תָּא שְׁמַע: ״לֹא עָשָׂה רַגְלָיו וְלֹא עָשָׂה שְׂפָמוֹ״! לִישָּׁנָא מְעַלְּיָא. תָּא שְׁמַע: ״וַיָּבֹא שָׁאוּל לְהָסֵךְ אֶת רַגְלָיו״! לִישָּׁנָא מְעַלְּיָא.

The Gemara continues its challenge. Come and hear another verse: “He had neither dressed his feet [ raglav ], nor trimmed his beard” (II Samuel 19:25). The phrase “dressed his feet [ raglav ]” is referring to treating his pubic hair, implying that even the area around the thigh is referred to as regel . The Gemara answers: This is a euphemism. The Gemara attempts another challenge: Come and hear from another verse: “And Saul went in to cover his feet [ raglav ]” (I Samuel 24:3), meaning: To urinate, implying that regel refers even to the thighs. The Gemara answers: This is also a euphemism.

Segment 16

תָּא שְׁמַע: ״אַךְ מֵסִיךְ הוּא רַגְלָיו בַּחֲדַר הַמְּקֵרָה״! לִישָּׁנָא מְעַלְּיָא. ״בֵּין רַגְלֶיהָ כּוּ׳״! לִישָּׁנָא מְעַלְּיָא.

Come and hear the meaning of: His feet, from the following verse regarding the Moabite king, Eglon, which states: “Surely he is covering his feet [ raglav ] in the cabinet of the cool chamber” (Judges 3:24). The Gemara answers: This is a euphemism. The Gemara attempts another proof from a verse regarding Sisera’s encounter with Yael: “At her feet [ ragleha ] he sunk, he fell” (Judges 5:27), which indicates that they had sexual intercourse, and implies that regel includes the thigh. The Gemara answers: This is also a euphemism.

Segment 17

אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: שֶׁבַע בְּעִילוֹת בָּעַל אוֹתוֹ רָשָׁע בְּאוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״בֵּין רַגְלֶיהָ כָּרַע נָפַל שָׁכָב בֵּין רַגְלֶיהָ כָּרַע נָפָל בַּאֲשֶׁר כָּרַע שָׁם נָפַל שָׁדוּד״. וְהָא קָא מִתְהַנְיָא מֵעֲבֵירָה! אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחַי: כׇּל טוֹבָתָן שֶׁל רְשָׁעִים —

The Gemara elaborates on what happened when Sisera was in Yael’s tent. Rabbi Yoḥanan said: That wicked man, Sisera, had sexual intercourse with Yael seven times that day, as it is stated: “At her feet he sunk, he fell, he lay; at her feet he sunk, he fell; where he sunk, there he fell down dead” (Judges 5:27). Each instance of the terms “sunk,” “fell,” or “lay” in the verse indicates an act of intercourse, as Yael sought to tire and weaken Sisera to enable her to kill him. The Gemara asks: But how could Yael do this even for the noble purpose of killing the wicked Sisera, as she derived pleasure from the transgression of licentious sexual relations with a gentile? Rabbi Yoḥanan said in the name of Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai: Every act that is a benefit for the wicked

Yevamot 103a

Yevamot 103a

Rashi

Tosafot

Rashba

Ritva

Meiri

Maharsha (Chidushei Halachot)

Maharam

Gilyon HaShas

Ben Yehoyada

What this page contains

Continue the sequence

Parallel sources

Lessons and study tools

Sages named on this page

Original text