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Sukkah 5a

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Babylonian Talmud · folio map

Sukkah 5a

Sukkah 5a. The full printed text of this folio side — 13 numbered segments, about 300 words — with the classic commentaries printed on the page.

Original text

Segment 1

וְתַנְיָא, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר: מֵעוֹלָם לֹא יָרְדָה שְׁכִינָה לְמַטָּה, וְלֹא עָלוּ מֹשֶׁה וְאֵלִיָּהוּ לַמָּרוֹם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״הַשָּׁמַיִם שָׁמַיִם לַה׳ וְהָאָרֶץ נָתַן לִבְנֵי אָדָם״.

and it is taught in a baraita that Rabbi Yosei says: The Divine Presence never actually descended below, and Moses and Elijah never actually ascended to heaven on high, as it is stated: “The heavens are the heavens of the Lord, and the earth He gave to the children of man” (Psalms 115:16), indicating that these are two distinct domains. Apparently, from ten handbreadths upward is considered a separate domain. Consequently, any sukka that is not at least ten handbreadths high is not considered an independent domain and is unfit.

Segment 2

וְלֹא יָרְדָה שְׁכִינָה לְמַטָּה? וְהָכְתִיב: ״וַיֵּרֶד ה׳ עַל הַר סִינַי״! לְמַעְלָה מֵעֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים. וְהָכְתִיב: ״וְעָמְדוּ רַגְלָיו בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא עַל הַר הַזֵּיתִים״! לְמַעְלָה מֵעֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים.

The Gemara asks: And did the Divine Presence never descend below ten handbreadths? But isn’t it written: “And God descended onto Mount Sinai” (Exodus 19:20)? The Gemara answers: Although God descended below, He always remained ten handbreadths above the ground. Since from ten handbreadths and above it is a separate domain, in fact, the Divine Presence never descended to the domain of this world. The Gemara asks: But isn’t it written: “And on that day His feet will stand on the Mount of Olives” (Zechariah 14:4)? The Gemara answers: Here, too, He will remain ten handbreadths above the ground.

Segment 3

וְלֹא עָלוּ מֹשֶׁה וְאֵלִיָּהוּ לַמָּרוֹם? וְהָכְתִיב: ״וּמֹשֶׁה עָלָה אֶל הָאֱלֹהִים״! לְמַטָּה מֵעֲשָׂרָה. וְהָכְתִיב: ״וַיַּעַל אֵלִיָּהוּ בַּסְעָרָה הַשָּׁמָיִם״! לְמַטָּה מֵעֲשָׂרָה. וְהָכְתִיב: ״מְאַחֵז פְּנֵי כִּסֵּא פַּרְשֵׁז עָלָיו עֲנָנוֹ״, וְאָמַר רַבִּי תַּנְחוּם: מְלַמֵּד שֶׁפֵּירַשׂ שַׁדַּי מִזִּיו שְׁכִינָתוֹ וַעֲנָנוֹ עָלָיו! לְמַטָּה מֵעֲשָׂרָה.

The Gemara asks: And did Moses and Elijah never ascend to the heavens on high? But isn’t it written: “And Moses went up to God” (Exodus 19:3)? The Gemara answers: Nevertheless, he remained below ten handbreadths adjacent to the ground. The Gemara asks: But isn’t it written: “And Elijah went up by a whirlwind heavenward” (II Kings 2:11)? The Gemara answers: Here, too, it was below ten handbreadths. The Gemara asks: But isn’t it written: “He grasps the face of the throne, and spreads His cloud upon him” (Job 26:9)? And Rabbi Tanḥum said: This teaches that the Almighty spread of the radiance of His Divine Presence and of His cloud upon him. Apparently, Moses was in the cloud with God. The Gemara answers: Here, too, it was below ten handbreadths.

Segment 4

מִכׇּל מָקוֹם ״מְאַחֵז פְּנֵי כִּסֵּא״ כְּתִיב! אִישְׁתַּרְבּוֹבֵי אִישְׁתַּרְבַּב לֵיהּ כִּסֵּא עַד עֲשָׂרָה, וּנְקַט בֵּיהּ.

The Gemara asks: In any case: “He grasps the face of the throne,” is written, indicating that Moses took hold of the Throne of Glory. The Gemara rejects this: The throne was extended for him down to ten handbreadths and Moses grasped it; however, he remained below ten handbreadths. And since the Divine Presence speaks to Moses from above the Ark cover ten handbreadths above the ground, clearly a height of ten handbreadths is a distinct domain.

Segment 5

בִּשְׁלָמָא אָרוֹן תִּשְׁעָה, דִּכְתִיב: ״וְעָשׂוּ אֲרוֹן עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים אַמָּתַיִם וָחֵצִי אׇרְכּוֹ וְאַמָּה וָחֵצִי רׇחְבּוֹ וְאַמָּה וָחֵצִי קוֹמָתוֹ״. אֶלָּא כַּפּוֹרֶת טֶפַח, מְנָלַן? דְּתָנֵי רַבִּי חֲנִינָא: כׇּל הַכֵּלִים שֶׁעָשָׂה מֹשֶׁה, נָתְנָה בָּהֶן תּוֹרָה מִדַּת אׇרְכָּן וּמִדַּת רׇחְבָּן וּמִדַּת קוֹמָתָן. כַּפּוֹרֶת, מִדַּת אׇרְכָּהּ וּמִדַּת רׇחְבָּהּ — נָתְנָה, מִדַּת קוֹמָתָהּ — לֹא נָתְנָה.

The Gemara wonders about the proof offered: Granted, the height of the Ark was nine handbreadths, as it is written: “And they shall make an Ark of acacia wood; two cubits and a half shall be its length, and a cubit and a half its breadth, and a cubit and a half its height” (Exodus 25:10), and one and a half cubits equal nine handbreadths. However, from where do we derive the fact that the thickness of the Ark cover was one handbreadth? The Torah never states its dimensions explicitly, as Rabbi Ḥanina taught: For all the vessels that Moses crafted for the Tabernacle, the Torah provided in their regard the dimension of their length, the dimension of their width, and the dimension of their height. However, for the Ark cover, the Torah provided the dimension of its length and the dimension of its width; but the Torah did not provide the dimension of its height.

Segment 6

צֵא וּלְמַד מִפָּחוּת שֶׁבַּכֵּלִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְעָשִׂיתָ לּוֹ מִסְגֶּרֶת טֹפַח סָבִיב״, מָה לְהַלָּן טֶפַח, אַף כָּאן טֶפַח. וְנֵילַף מִכֵּלִים גּוּפַיְיהוּ! תָּפַשְׂתָּ מְרוּבֶּה — לֹא תָּפַשְׂתָּ, תָּפַשְׂתָּ מוּעָט — תָּפַשְׂתָּ.

The Gemara answers: Go out and learn from the smallest dimension mentioned in connection with any of the Tabernacle vessels, as it is stated with regard to the shewbread table: “And you shall make unto it a border of a handbreadth around” (Exodus 25:25). Just as there, the frame measures one handbreadth, so too, here, the thickness of the Ark cover measures a single handbreadth. The Gemara asks: And let us derive the thickness of the Ark cover from the vessels themselves, the smallest of which measures a cubit. The Gemara answers: If you grasped many, you did not grasp anything; if you grasped few, you grasped something. If there are two possible sources from which to derive the dimension of the Ark cover, then without conclusive proof one may not presume that the Torah intended to teach the larger dimension. Rather, the presumption is that the Torah is teaching the smaller dimension, which is included in the larger measure.

Segment 7

וְנֵילַף מִצִּיץ, דְּתַנְיָא: צִיץ דּוֹמֶה כְּמִין טַס שֶׁל זָהָב, וְרָחָב שְׁתֵּי אֶצְבָּעוֹת וּמוּקָּף מֵאֹזֶן לְאֹזֶן, וְכָתוּב עָלָיו שְׁתֵּי שִׁיטִין: ׳יוֹד הֵא׳ מִלְּמַעְלָה, וְ׳קֹדֶשׁ לָמֶד׳ מִלְּמַטָּה. וְאָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי: אֲנִי רְאִיתִיו בְּרוֹמִי, וְכָתוּב עָלָיו ״קֹדֶשׁ לַה׳״ בְּשִׁיטָה אַחַת!

The Gemara asks: If so, let us derive the thickness of the Ark cover from the frontplate, which is even smaller than a handbreadth, as it is taught in a baraita : The frontplate is a type of plate made of gold that is two fingerbreadths wide and stretches from ear to ear. And written upon it are two lines: The letters yod , heh , vav , heh , the name of God, above; and the word kodesh , spelled kuf , dalet , shin , followed by the letter lamed , below. Together it spelled kodesh laHashem , meaning: Sacred to the Lord, with yod , heh , vav , heh written on the upper line in deference to the name of God. Rabbi Eliezer, son of Rabbi Yosei, said: I saw the frontplate in the emperor’s treasury in Rome, where it was taken together with the other Temple vessels when the Temple was destroyed, and upon it was written: Sacred to the Lord, on one line. Why not derive the thickness of the Ark cover from the frontplate and say that it was only two fingerbreadths?

Segment 8

דָּנִין כְּלִי מִכְּלִי, וְאֵין דָּנִין כְּלִי מִתַּכְשִׁיט.

The Gemara answers: One derives the dimension of a vessel from the dimension of a vessel, and one does not derive the dimension of a vessel from the dimension of an ornament. The frontplate is not one of the Tabernacle vessels but one of the ornaments of the High Priest.

Segment 9

וְנֵילַף מִזֵּר. דְּאָמַר מָר: זֵר מַשֶּׁהוּ! דָּנִין כְּלִי מִכְּלִי, וְאֵין דָּנִין כְּלִי מֵהֶכְשֵׁר כְּלִי. אִי הָכִי, מִסְגֶּרֶת נָמֵי הֶכְשֵׁר כְּלִי הוּא! מִסְגַּרְתּוֹ לְמַטָּה הָיְתָה.

The Gemara suggests: Let us derive the thickness of the Ark cover from the crown featured atop several of the Tabernacle vessels, as the Master said: This crown, with regard to which the Torah did not specify its dimensions, could be any size. The Gemara answers: One derives the dimension of a vessel from the dimension of a vessel, and one does not derive the dimension of a vessel from the dimension of the finish of a vessel that serves decorative purposes. The Gemara asks: If it is so that one does not derive the dimensions of a vessel from the dimensions of the finish of a vessel, then how can dimensions be derived from the border of the table, which is also the finish of a vessel and not an integral part of the table? The Gemara answers: The border of the table was below, between the legs of the table, and the tabletop rested upon it. As it supports the table, it is an integral part of the table and not merely decoration.

Segment 10

הָנִיחָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר מִסְגַּרְתּוֹ לְמַטָּה הָיְתָה, אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר מִסְגַּרְתּוֹ לְמַעְלָה הָיְתָה, מַאי אִיכָּא לְמֵימַר? הַאי הֶכְשֵׁר כְּלִי הוּא!

The Gemara asks: This works out well according to the one who said that its border was below the tabletop; however, according to the one who said that its border was above the tabletop, what can be said? According to that opinion, this border is indeed the finish of a vessel.

Segment 11

אֶלָּא: דָּנִין דָּבָר שֶׁנָּתְנָה בּוֹ תּוֹרָה מִדָּה מִדָּבָר שֶׁנָּתְנָה בּוֹ תּוֹרָה מִדָּה, וְאַל יוֹכִיחוּ צִיץ וְזֵר, שֶׁלֹּא נִתְּנָה בָּהֶן תּוֹרָה מִדָּה כְּלָל.

Rather, the thickness of the Ark cover must be derived from a different source. One derives the missing dimensions of an object for which the Torah provided part of its dimension, e.g., the Ark cover, for which the Torah provided the dimensions of length and width, from an object for which the Torah provided its dimension, e.g., the border of the table. And the frontplate and the crown, for which the Torah did not provide any dimension at all, and their dimensions were determined by the Sages, will not prove anything. It is certainly appropriate to derive the dimension of the thickness of the Ark cover from that which was stated clearly in the Torah.

Segment 12

רַב הוּנָא אָמַר, מֵהָכָא: ״עַל פְּנֵי הַכַּפּוֹרֶת קֵדְמָה״, וְאֵין פָּנִים פָּחוֹת מִטֶּפַח.

Rav Huna said that the thickness of the Ark cover is derived from here: “Upon the face of [ penei ] the Ark cover on the east” (Leviticus 16:14), and there is no face [ panim ] of a person that measures less than one handbreadth.

Segment 13

וְאֵימָא כְּאַפֵּי

The Gemara asks: And why say that the face in the verse is specifically the face of a person? Say that the Ark cover is like the face

Sukkah 5a

Sukkah 5a

Rashi

Tosafot

Rabbeinu Chananel

Ritva

Meiri

Maharsha (Chidushei Halachot)

Maharam

Penei Yehoshua

Ben Yehoyada

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