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Sukkah 44a

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Babylonian Talmud · folio map

Sukkah 44a

Sukkah 44a. The full printed text of this folio side — 11 numbered segments, about 344 words — with the classic commentaries printed on the page.

Original text

Segment 1

אָמְרִי: לְדִידְהוּ נָמֵי לָא דָּחֵי. וְאֶלָּא קַשְׁיָא הָנֵי תַּרְתֵּי; דְּתָנָא חֲדָא: כׇּל הָעָם מוֹלִיכִין אֶת לוּלְבֵיהֶן לְהַר הַבַּיִת, וְתַנְיָא אִידַּךְ: לְבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת, וּמְתָרְצִינַן: כָּאן — בִּזְמַן שֶׁבֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ קַיָּים, כָּאן — בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵין בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ קַיָּים.

The Sages say: For them in Eretz Yisrael it also does not override Shabbat. The Gemara asks: But if that is the case, the contradiction between these two sources is difficult, as it was taught in one mishna: All the people bring their lulavim to the Temple Mount on Friday, and it was taught in another mishna that they bring their lulavim to the synagogue. And we resolved this contradiction as follows: Here, where the mishna says that they bring their lulavim to the Temple Mount, it is referring to when the Temple is standing, and there, where the mishna says that they bring their lulavim to the synagogue, it is referring to when the Temple is not standing. Based on the above, when the Temple is not in existence the mitzva of lulav does not override Shabbat.

Segment 2

לָא, אִידִי וְאִידִי בִּזְמַן שֶׁבֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ קַיָּים, וְלָא קַשְׁיָא: כָּאן — בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ, כָּאן — בַּגְּבוּלִין.

The Gemara resolves the contradiction: No, both this mishna and that mishna are referring to Eretz Yisrael when the Temple is in existence; and nevertheless, it is not difficult. Here, where the mishna says that they bring their lulavim to the Temple Mount, it is referring to the procedure in the Temple. And there, where the mishna says that they bring their lulavim to the synagogue, it is referring to the procedure in the outlying areas in the rest of Eretz Yisrael, where they knew when the new month was established. However, today, neither in the Diaspora nor in Eretz Yisrael does the mitzva of lulav override Shabbat.

Segment 3

אֲמַר לֵיהּ אַבָּיֵי לְרָבָא: מַאי שְׁנָא לוּלָב דְּעָבְדִינַן לֵיהּ שִׁבְעָה זֵכֶר לַמִּקְדָּשׁ, וּמַאי שְׁנָא עֲרָבָה דְּלָא עָבְדִינַן לַהּ שִׁבְעָה זֵכֶר לַמִּקְדָּשׁ? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הוֹאִיל וְאָדָם יוֹצֵא יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ בָּעֲרָבָה שֶׁבַּלּוּלָב. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הָהוּא מִשּׁוּם לוּלָב הוּא דְּקָא עָבֵיד לַיהּ. וְכִי תֵּימָא דְּקָא מַגְבַּהּ לַיהּ וַהֲדַר מַגְבַּהּ לַיהּ, וְהָא מַעֲשִׂים בְּכׇל יוֹם דְּלָא קָא עָבְדִינַן הָכִי!

Abaye said to Rava: What is different about lulav such that we perform the mitzva seven days in commemoration of the Temple, and what is different about the willow branch that we do not perform the mitzva seven days in commemoration of the Temple? Rava said to him: Since a person fulfills his obligation with the willow branch in the lulav , no additional commemoration is necessary. Abaye said to him: That is not a satisfactory answer, as he is performing that action due to the mitzva of taking the lulav and the other species. And if you say that he lifts the willow branch bound with the lulav to fulfill the mitzva of the four species and then lifts it again in commemoration of the willow branch in the Temple, aren’t actions performed daily proof that we do not do so, as no one lifts the lulav twice?

Segment 4

אָמַר רַב זְבִיד מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרָבָא: לוּלָב דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא — עָבְדִינַן שִׁבְעָה זֵכֶר לַמִּקְדָּשׁ, עֲרָבָה דְּרַבָּנַן — לָא עָבְדִינַן לַהּ שִׁבְעָה זֵכֶר לַמִּקְדָּשׁ.

Rav Zevid said in the name of Rava: Since the mitzva of lulav is a mitzva by Torah law, we perform it seven days in commemoration of the Temple even today. Since the mitzva of the willow branch is a mitzva by rabbinic law, we do not perform it seven days in commemoration of the Temple.

Segment 5

לְמַאן? אִילֵימָא אַבָּא שָׁאוּל, הָאָמַר ״עַרְבֵי נַחַל״ כְּתִיב — שְׁתַּיִם, אַחַת לַלּוּלָב וְאַחַת לַמִּקְדָּשׁ. אִי לְרַבָּנַן, הִלְכְתָא גְּמִירִי לַהּ, דְּאָמַר רַבִּי אַסִּי אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי נְחוּנְיָא אִישׁ בִּקְעַת בֵּית חוֹרְתָן: עֶשֶׂר נְטִיעוֹת, עֲרָבָה, וְנִיסּוּךְ הַמַּיִם — הֲלָכָה לְמֹשֶׁה מִסִּינַי.

The Gemara asks: In accordance with whose opinion did Rava say this? If we say that Rava said this in accordance with the opinion of Abba Shaul, didn’t he say that it is written: Willows of the river, i.e., in the plural, indicating two willow branches, one for the lulav and one for the Temple? In his opinion, the mitzva of the willow branch in the Temple is also a mitzva by Torah law. If Rava said this in accordance with the opinion of the Rabbis, they learned this as a halakha transmitted to Moses from Sinai, as Rabbi Asi said that Rabbi Yoḥanan said in the name of Rabbi Neḥunya of the valley of Beit Ḥortan: The halakha of the ten saplings, the mitzva of the willow branch in the Temple, and the mitzva of the water libation on the altar during the festival of Sukkot are each a halakha transmitted to Moses from Sinai.

Segment 6

אֶלָּא, אָמַר רַב זְבִיד מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרָבָא: לוּלָב דְּאִית לֵיהּ עִיקָּר מִן הַתּוֹרָה, — בַּגְּבוּלִין עָבְדִינַן לֵיהּ שִׁבְעָה זֵכֶר לַמִּקְדָּשׁ, עֲרָבָה דְּלֵית לַהּ עִיקָּר מִן הַתּוֹרָה — בַּגְּבוּלִין לָא עָבְדִינַן שִׁבְעָה זֵכֶר לַמִּקְדָּשׁ.

Rather, Rav Zevid said in the name of Rava: With regard to the mitzva of lulav , which has its basis written explicitly in the Torah, in the outlying areas we perform it seven days in commemoration of the Temple. With regard to the mitzva of the willow branch, which does not have its basis written explicitly in the Torah, in the outlying areas we do not perform it seven days in commemoration of the Temple.

Segment 7

אָמַר רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ: כֹּהֲנִים בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין נִכְנָסִין בֵּין הָאוּלָם וְלַמִּזְבֵּחַ, כְּדֵי לָצֵאת בַּעֲרָבָה. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: מִי אֲמָרָהּ? מִי אֲמָרָהּ?! הָא אִיהוּ אֲמַר! דְּאָמַר רַבִּי אַסִּי אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי נְחוּנְיָא אִישׁ בִּקְעַת בֵּית חוֹרְתָן: עֶשֶׂר נְטִיעוֹת, עֲרָבָה, וְנִיסּוּךְ הַמַּיִם — הֲלָכָה לְמֹשֶׁה מִסִּינַי.

Apropos the willow branch in the Temple, Reish Lakish said: Priests with physical defects enter between the Entrance Hall and the altar in order to fulfill the obligation of the mitzva of the willow branch. Although due to their blemishes it is prohibited for them to pass there, as they circle the altar with the willow branches they inevitably pass between the Entrance Hall and the altar. Rabbi Yoḥanan said to him: Who stated this halakha ? The Gemara wonders about Rabbi Yoḥanan’s question: Who stated it? Didn’t Rabbi Yoḥanan himself state it? As Rabbi Asi said that Rabbi Yoḥanan said in the name of Rabbi Neḥunya of the valley of Beit Ḥortan: The halakha of the ten saplings, the mitzva of the willow branch in the Temple, and the mitzva of the water libation on the altar during the festival of Sukkot are each a halakha transmitted to Moses from Sinai.

Segment 8

אֶלָּא: מִי אֲמָרָהּ בִּנְטִילָה, דִּלְמָא בִּזְקִיפָה! מִי אֲמָרָהּ בְּבַעֲלֵי מוּמִין, דִּלְמָא בִּתְמִימִים!

Rather, Rabbi Yoḥanan’s question was: Who said that the mitzva is fulfilled by taking the willow branch and circling the altar? Perhaps the mitzva is only fulfilled by standing the willow branches upright surrounding the altar. Who said that the mitzva may be fulfilled even by those with physical defects? Perhaps it may be fulfilled only by unblemished priests.

Segment 9

אִתְּמַר: רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי, חַד אָמַר: עֲרָבָה יְסוֹד נְבִיאִים, וְחַד אָמַר: עֲרָבָה מִנְהַג נְבִיאִים. תִּסְתַּיַּים דְּרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן הוּא דְּאָמַר יְסוֹד נְבִיאִים, דְּאָמַר רַבִּי אֲבָהוּ אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: עֲרָבָה יְסוֹד נְבִיאִים הוּא. תִּסְתַּיַּים.

It was stated that there is a dispute between Rabbi Yoḥanan and Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi. One said that the mitzva of the willow branch is an ordinance of the prophets, as Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi instituted it in the Temple as obligatory. And one said that the mitzva of the willow branch is an ancient custom practiced by the prophets and adopted by others as well. It was not instituted as a binding ordinance. The Gemara suggests: Conclude that it was Rabbi Yoḥanan who said that it is an ordinance of the prophets, as Rabbi Abbahu said that Rabbi Yoḥanan said: The mitzva of the willow branch is an ordinance of the prophets. The Gemara concurs: Indeed, conclude that it is so.

Segment 10

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי זֵירָא לְרַבִּי אֲבָהוּ: מִי אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן הָכִי? וְהָאָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי נְחוּנְיָא אִישׁ בִּקְעַת בֵּית חוֹרְתָן: עֶשֶׂר נְטִיעוֹת, עֲרָבָה, וְנִיסּוּךְ הַמַּיִם — הֲלָכָה לְמֹשֶׁה מִסִּינַי? אֶשְׁתּוֹמַם כְּשָׁעָה חֲדָא וַאֲמַר, שְׁכֵחוּם וְחָזְרוּ וְיִסְּדוּם.

Rabbi Zeira said to Rabbi Abbahu: Did Rabbi Yoḥanan actually say that? Didn’t Rabbi Yoḥanan say in the name of Rabbi Neḥunya of the valley of Beit Ḥortan: The halakha of the ten saplings, the mitzva of the willow branch in the Temple, and the mitzva of the water libation on the altar during the festival of Sukkot are each a halakha transmitted to Moses from Sinai? How then could he attribute the origin of the mitzva of the willow branch to the prophets? “He was astonished for a while” (Daniel 4:16), and after considering the apparent contradiction he said that indeed Rabbi Yoḥanan maintains that the mitzva of the willow branch is a halakha transmitted to Moses from Sinai. However, over the course of time during the Babylonian exile they forgot some halakhot , including the mitzva of the willow branch, and then the prophets reinstituted them.

Segment 11

וּמִי אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן הָכִי? וְהָאָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: דִּלְכוֹן אֲמַרִי: דִּלְהוֹן הִיא! לָא קַשְׁיָא:

The Gemara asks: And did Rabbi Yoḥanan actually say that it is a halakha transmitted to Moses from Sinai? And didn’t Rabbi Yoḥanan say: Yours, i.e., the Babylonian Sages, say that this ordinance is theirs, instituted by the Sages, and it is neither a halakha transmitted to Moses from Sinai nor an ordinance instituted by the prophets. The Gemara answers: This is not difficult;

Sukkah 44a

Sukkah 44a

Rashi

Tosafot

Rabbeinu Chananel

Ritva

Meiri

Maharsha (Chidushei Halachot)

Maharam

Gilyon HaShas

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