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Sukkah 20a

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Babylonian Talmud · folio map

Sukkah 20a

Sukkah 20a. The full printed text of this folio side — 11 numbered segments, about 291 words — with the classic commentaries printed on the page.

Original text

Segment 1

וְהָכִי קָאָמַר: מַחְצֶלֶת הַקָּנִים גְּדוֹלָה, עֲשָׂאָהּ לִשְׁכִיבָה — מְקַבֶּלֶת טוּמְאָה, וְאֵין מְסַכְּכִין בָּהּ. טַעְמָא דַּעֲשָׂאָהּ לִשְׁכִיבָה, הָא סְתָמָא — נַעֲשָׂה כְּמִי שֶׁעֲשָׂאָהּ לְסִיכּוּךְ, מְסַכְּכִין בָּהּ. (קְטַנָּה, עֲשָׂאָהּ לְסִיכּוּךְ — מְסַכְּכִין בָּהּ. טַעְמָא דַּעֲשָׂאָהּ לְסִיכּוּךְ, הָא סְתָמָא — נַעֲשָׂה כְּמִי שֶׁעֲשָׂאָהּ לִשְׁכִיבָה, וְאֵין מְסַכְּכִין בָּהּ). וַאֲתָא רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר לְמֵימַר: אַחַת קְטַנָּה וְאַחַת גְּדוֹלָה, סְתָמָא — כְּשֵׁרָה לְסִיכּוּךְ.

And this is what the mishna is saying: With regard to a large mat of reeds, if one produced it for the purpose of lying upon it, it is susceptible to ritual impurity, and one may not roof a sukka with it. The reason is that one produced it specifically for the purpose of lying upon it; however, by inference, a mat that one produced without designation becomes as a mat produced for roofing, and one may roof a sukka with it. With regard to a small mat of reeds, if one produced it for roofing, one may roof a sukka with it. The reason is that one produced it specifically for roofing; however, by inference, a mat that one produced without designation becomes as a mat produced for the purpose of lying upon it, and one may not roof a sukka with it. And Rabbi Eliezer comes to say that both a small mat and a large one produced without designation are fit for roofing.

Segment 2

אֲמַר לֵיהּ אַבָּיֵי: אִי הָכִי, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: אַחַת קְטַנָּה וְאַחַת גְּדוֹלָה, ״אַחַת גְּדוֹלָה וְאַחַת קְטַנָּה״ מִיבְּעֵי לֵיהּ!

Abaye said to him: If so, if their dispute is only with regard to a small mat, then instead of saying: Rabbi Eliezer says: Both a small mat and a large mat, the mishna needed to say: Both a large mat and a small mat. In a phrase with the format: Both this and that, one typically mentions the more obvious item first. Why then, does Rabbi Eliezer mention the small mat first, if it is with regard to the small mat that they disagree?

Segment 3

וְעוֹד: כִּי פְּלִיגִי, בִּגְדוֹלָה הוּא דִּפְלִיגִי — וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר לְחוּמְרָא. דְּתַנְיָא: מַחְצֶלֶת הַקָּנִים גְּדוֹלָה מְסַכְּכִין בָּהּ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: אִם אֵינָהּ מְקַבֶּלֶת טוּמְאָה — מְסַכְּכִין בָּהּ.

And furthermore, there is proof that when they disagree, it is with regard to a large mat, and Rabbi Eliezer’s opinion is a stringency and not a leniency, as it is taught in a baraita : In the case of a reed mat, with a large mat one may roof a sukka . Rabbi Eliezer says: If it is not susceptible to ritual impurity, one may roof his sukka with it. Apparently, Rabbi Eliezer holds that without designation, one may not roof his sukka with a large mat.

Segment 4

אֶלָּא אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: בִּקְטַנָּה כּוּלֵּי עָלְמָא לָא פְּלִיגִי דִּסְתָמָא לִשְׁכִיבָה. כִּי פְּלִיגִי בִּגְדוֹלָה, תַּנָּא קַמָּא סָבַר: סְתַם גְּדוֹלָה לְסִיכּוּךְ, וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר סָבַר: סְתַם גְּדוֹלָה נָמֵי לִשְׁכִיבָה.

Rather, Rav Pappa said: Rava’s proposed resolution is rejected. Rather, with regard to a small mat, everyone agrees that if it was produced without designation, presumably it is for the purpose of lying upon it. When they disagree, is with regard to a large mat: The first tanna holds that a large mat produced without designation is presumably for roofing, and Rabbi Eliezer holds that a large mat produced without designation is also presumably for the purpose of lying upon it.

Segment 5

וּמַאי עֲשָׂאָהּ לִשְׁכִיבָה דְּקָאָמַר — הָכִי קָאָמַר: סְתַם עֲשִׂיָּיתָהּ נָמֵי לִשְׁכִיבָה, עַד דְּעָבֵיד לְסִיכּוּךְ.

What, then, is the meaning of: If one produced it for the purpose of lying upon it, that Rabbi Eliezer states? This is what he is saying: Making mats without designation is also for the purpose of lying upon it, until one makes it specifically for roofing.

Segment 6

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: מַחְצֶלֶת שֶׁל שִׁיפָה וְשֶׁל גֶּמִי, גְּדוּלָה — מְסַכְּכִין בָּהּ, קְטַנָּה — אֵין מְסַכְּכִין בָּהּ. שֶׁל קָנִים וְשֶׁל חִילָת, גְּדוֹלָה — מְסַכְּכִין בָּהּ, אֲרוּגָה — אֵין מְסַכְּכִין בָּהּ.

§ The Sages taught in the Tosefta : In the case of a mat [ maḥatzelet ] woven of papyrus or bulrushes, if it is a large mat, one may roof a sukka with it, as it is not typically produced for the purpose of lying upon it. If it is a small mat, one may not roof a sukka with it, as it is typically produced for the purpose of lying upon it. However, with regard to a mat produced of ordinary reeds or reeds specifically used for plaiting, if the mat is plaited with a large, coarse weave, one may roof a sukka with it, as it was certainly not produced for the purpose of lying upon it. If it is woven with a small, fine weave, one may not roof the sukka with it, as typically mats of this sort are woven only for the purpose of lying upon them.

Segment 7

רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל בְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם אָבִיו: אַחַת זוֹ וְאַחַת זוֹ מְסַכְּכִין בָּהּ. וְכֵן הָיָה רַבִּי דּוֹסָא אוֹמֵר כִּדְבָרָיו.

Rabbi Yishmael, son of Rabbi Yosei, said in the name of his father: Both with this plaited mat and with that woven mat, one may roof a sukka , as without specific designation otherwise they are not produced for the purpose of lying upon them, and therefore they are ritually pure. And likewise, Rabbi Dosa would say in accordance with his statement.

Segment 8

תְּנַן הָתָם: כׇּל הַחוֹצָלוֹת מְטַמְּאִין טְמֵא מֵת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי דּוֹסָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: מִדְרָס.

We learned in a mishna there: All types of ḥotzalot can become ritually impure with impurity imparted by a corpse. Since their legal status is that of a vessel, they become a primary source of ritual impurity. This is the statement of Rabbi Dosa. And the Rabbis say: They become impure with the impurity imparted by treading. If a zav lies or sits on one of the ḥotzalot , they become a primary source of ritual impurity, like a chair or bed of a zav .

Segment 9

מִדְרָס אִין, טְמֵא מֵת לָא? וְהָא אֲנַן תְּנַן: כׇּל הַמִּטַּמֵּא מִדְרָס — מִטַּמֵּא טְמֵא מֵת. אֵימָא: אַף מִדְרָס.

The Gemara asks: Impurity imparted by treading, yes; impurity imparted by a corpse, no? But didn’t we learn in a mishna: Any item that becomes ritually impure with impurity imparted by treading also becomes ritually impure with other types of impurity, including impurity imparted by a corpse, although the reverse is not necessarily so. The opinion of the Rabbis is difficult. The Gemara explains: Emend the mishna and say: They become ritually impure even with the impurity imparted by treading. These mats are not merely nondescript vessels, which become primary sources of ritual impurity through exposure to a corpse, they are vessels designated for sitting and lying upon them, and therefore they also become primary sources of ritual impurity if a zav sits or lies upon them.

Segment 10

מַאי חוֹצָלוֹת? אָמַר רַב אַבְדִּימִי בַּר הַמְדּוּרֵי: מַרְזוֹבְלֵי. מַאי מַרְזוֹבְלֵי? אָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּא: מַזְבְּלֵי. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ אוֹמֵר: מַחְצָלוֹת מַמָּשׁ.

The Gemara asks about the term used in the mishna: What is the meaning of ḥotzalot ? Rav Avdimi bar Hamduri said: They are marzovelei . The Gemara is unfamiliar with the term and asks: What is the meaning of marzovelei ? Rabbi Abba said: They are called mezablei in Babylonia. They are leather sacks used by shepherds to feed their animals. Shepherds place them under their heads when lying down. Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish says: Ḥotzalot are a different term for actual mats.

Segment 11

וְאַזְדָּא רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ לְטַעְמֵיהּ. דְּאָמַר רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ: הֲרֵינִי כַּפָּרַת רַבִּי חִיָּיא וּבָנָיו, שֶׁבִּתְחִלָּה כְּשֶׁנִּשְׁתַּכְּחָה תּוֹרָה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל — עָלָה עֶזְרָא מִבָּבֶל וְיִסְּדָהּ. חָזְרָה וְנִשְׁתַּכְּחָה — עָלָה הִלֵּל הַבַּבְלִי וְיִסְּדָהּ. חָזְרָה וְנִשְׁתַּכְּחָה — עָלוּ רַבִּי חִיָּיא וּבָנָיו וְיִסְּדוּהָ. וְכֵן אָמַר רַבִּי חִיָּיא וּבָנָיו: לֹא נֶחְלְקוּ רַבִּי דּוֹסָא וַחֲכָמִים עַל מַחְצָלוֹת שֶׁל אוּשָׁא

The Gemara notes: And Reish Lakish follows his line of reasoning stated elsewhere, as Reish Lakish said: I am the atonement for Rabbi Ḥiyya and his sons, as initially, when some of the Torah laws were forgotten from the Jewish people in Eretz Yisrael, Ezra ascended from Babylonia and reestablished the forgotten laws. Parts of the Torah were again forgotten in Eretz Yisrael, and Hillel the Babylonian ascended and reestablished the forgotten sections. When parts of the Torah were again forgotten in Eretz Yisrael, Rabbi Ḥiyya and his sons ascended and reestablished the forgotten sections. This expression of deference toward Rabbi Ḥiyya introduces the halakha that Reish Lakish is citing in his name. And so said Rabbi Ḥiyya and his sons: Rabbi Dosa and the Rabbis did not disagree concerning the soft mats of Usha,

Sukkah 20a

Sukkah 20a

Rashi

Tosafot

Rabbeinu Chananel

Ritva

Meiri

Maharsha (Chidushei Halachot)

Maharam

Penei Yehoshua

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