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Pesachim 38a

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Babylonian Talmud · folio map

Pesachim 38a

Pesachim 38a. The full printed text of this folio side — 16 numbered segments, about 318 words — with the classic commentaries printed on the page.

Original text

Segment 1

מַצּוֹת שֶׁל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, לְדִבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר — אֵין אָדָם יוֹצֵא בָּהּ יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ בַּפֶּסַח, לְדִבְרֵי חֲכָמִים — יוֹצֵא בָּהּ יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ בַּפֶּסַח.

With regard to matzot of second-tithe produce: In accordance with the statement of Rabbi Meir, a person cannot fulfill his obligation to eat matza on the first night of Passover with this matza . Rabbi Meir considers it consecrated property, and one must eat matza that belongs to him, not consecrated property. In accordance with the statement of the Rabbis, one can fulfill his obligation with this type of matza on the first night of Passover.

Segment 2

אֶתְרוֹג שֶׁל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, לְדִבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר — אֵין יוֹצֵא בּוֹ יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ בְּיוֹם טוֹב, לְדִבְרֵי חֲכָמִים — אָדָם יוֹצֵא בּוֹ יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ בְּיוֹם טוֹב.

The same dispute applies to a citron of second-tithe produce: In accordance with the statement of Rabbi Meir, one cannot fulfill his obligation to take the four species on the first day of the festival of Sukkot with this citron. In accordance with the statement of the Rabbis, a person can use this citron to fulfill his obligation on the first day of the festival of Sukkot .

Segment 3

מַתְקֵיף לַהּ רַב פָּפָּא: בִּשְׁלָמָא עִיסָּה, דִּכְתִיב ״עֲרִיסֹתֵיכֶם״ — מִשֶּׁלָּכֶם.

Rav Pappa strongly objects to this statement: Granted, one must separate ḥalla from this dough, as it is written: “Of the first of your dough you shall give to the Lord a portion [ ḥalla ] for a gift throughout your generations” (Numbers 15:21). This verse can be read in a very precise manner, so that the expression “your dough” indicates that ḥalla is separated only from dough that belongs to you.

Segment 4

אֶתְרוֹג נָמֵי, דִּכְתִיב ״וּלְקַחְתֶּם לָכֶם״, ״לָכֶם״ — מִשֶּׁלָּכֶם יְהֵא. אֶלָּא מַצָּה, מִי כְּתִיב ״מַצַּתְכֶם״?

With regard to a citron too, a similar conclusion can be drawn, as it is written: “And you shall take for yourselves on the first day a fruit of goodly trees, branches of palm trees, and boughs of thick trees and willows of the brook” (Leviticus 23:40). Here too, the expression “for yourselves” indicates that what you take must belong to you. However, with regard to matza , is it written that you must use your own matza ? Since there is no such requirement, it stands to reason that even consecrated matza is valid for this mitzva.

Segment 5

אָמַר רָבָא, וְאִיתֵּימָא רַב יֵימַר בַּר שֶׁלֶמְיָא: אָתְיָא ״לֶחֶם״ ״לֶחֶם״. כְּתִיב הָכָא ״לֶחֶם עֹנִי״, וּכְתִיב הָתָם ״וְהָיָה בַּאֲכׇלְכֶם מִלֶּחֶם הָאָרֶץ״. מָה לְהַלָּן — מִשֶּׁלָּכֶם, אַף כָּאן — מִשֶּׁלָּכֶם.

Rava said, and some say Rav Yeimar bar Shelamya said: This principle can be derived by means of a verbal analogy between “bread” and “bread.” It is written here, with regard to matza : “Poor man’s bread” (Deuteronomy 16:3), and it is written there, with regard to ḥalla : “And it shall be that when you eat of the bread of the land, you shall set apart a portion for a gift to the Lord” (Numbers 15:19). Just as there, in the case of ḥalla , it must be separated only from food that belongs to you, so too here, with regard to matza , it must be prepared only from produce that belongs to you.

Segment 6

לֵימָא מְסַיַּיע לֵיהּ: עִיסָּה שֶׁל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי פְּטוּרָה מִן הַחַלָּה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: חַיֶּיבֶת. לֵימָא מְסַיַּיע?! הַיְינוּ הָךְ!

The Gemara suggests: Let us say that the following baraita supports Rav Asi: With regard to dough of second-tithe produce, one is exempt from separating ḥalla from it; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: One is obligated in this mitzva. Since this is a conclusive proof, the Gemara expresses surprise at the formulation: Let us say that it supports him. This statement is identical to that one; i.e., the ruling of the baraita is identical to Rav Asi’s opinion.

Segment 7

הָכִי קָאָמַר (לֵיהּ): לֵימָא מִדִּפְלִיגִי בְּעִיסָּה, בְּהָנָךְ נָמֵי פְּלִיגִי. אוֹ דִילְמָא, שָׁאנֵי הָתָם דִּכְתִיב ״עֲרִיסֹתֵיכֶם״ ״עֲרִיסֹתֵיכֶם״ תְּרֵי זִימְנֵי.

The Gemara explains: This is what the statement: Let us say, is saying: Let us say from the fact that they disagree with regard to dough, so too, they disagree with regard to these other issues. Or perhaps it is different there, with regard to ḥalla , as it is written: “Your dough,” “your dough,” twice. This repetition might indicate that the mitzva of ḥalla applies only to one who maintains full ownership of the dough. Although Rabbi Meir contends that one need not separate ḥalla from second-tithe produce, he does not necessarily issue a similar ruling with regard to matza or a citron, as there is no explicit proof to this effect.

Segment 8

בָּעֵי רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ: מַהוּ שֶׁיֵּצֵא אָדָם יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ בְּחַלָּה שֶׁל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם? אַלִּיבָּא דְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי — לָא תִּיבְּעֵי לָךְ, הַשְׁתָּא בְּחוּלִּין לָא נָפֵיק, בְּחַלָּתוֹ מִיבַּעְיָא?! כִּי תִּיבְּעֵי לָךְ אַלִּיבָּא דְּרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא.

Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish raised a dilemma: What is the halakha with regard to the possibility that a person can fulfill his obligation to eat matza with ḥalla separated from second-tithe dough in Jerusalem? The Gemara clarifies this dilemma: In accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei HaGelili, do not raise this dilemma. Rabbi Yosei HaGelili maintains that one can fulfill his obligation to eat matza only with food that may be eaten in a state of acute mourning. The Gemara explains why the dilemma does not arise according to the opinion of Rabbi Yosei HaGelili: Now that it has been mentioned that one cannot fulfill his obligation with the non-sacred portion of second-tithe produce, i.e., with that which was not sanctified as ḥalla , is it necessary to mention that one cannot fulfill his obligation with its ḥalla ? When you raise the dilemma, it is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Akiva.

Segment 9

בְּחוּלִּין הוּא דְּנָפֵיק — דְּאִי מִיטַּמּוּ יֵשׁ לָהֶן הֶיתֵּר בְּמוֹשָׁבוֹת. אֲבָל חַלָּה, דְּאִי מִטַּמְּיָא לֵית לַהּ הֶיתֵּר בְּמוֹשָׁבוֹת, וְלִשְׂרֵיפָה אָזְלָא — לָא נָפֵיק.

The Gemara explains: Unlike Rabbi Yosei, Rabbi Akiva does not interpret the phrase “poor man’s bread [ leḥem oni ]” as though it were written with an alef , which indicates that it is referring to the bread of acute mourning [ aninut ], i.e., the period of mourning on the day of the death of a close relative. Consequently, the following dilemma arises: It can be suggested that it is with the non-sacred portion of the second-tithe produce that one can fulfill his obligation, for if the produce becomes ritually impure it can be permitted to be eaten in any habitation in Israel after it has been redeemed. Rabbi Akiva agrees that any food that can be eaten in an unrestricted manner in certain circumstances can also be used for the obligation to eat matza . However, with regard to ḥalla , which, if it becomes ritually impure, cannot be permitted to be eaten in any habitation, but goes, i.e., it is slated for burning, this ḥalla cannot be used to fulfill one’s obligation.

Segment 10

אוֹ דִילְמָא: אָמְרִינַן הוֹאִיל וְאִילּוּ לֹא קָרָא עָלֶיהָ שֵׁם וְאִיטַּמַּי — אִית לָהּ הֶיתֵּר בְּמוֹשָׁבוֹת, וְנָפֵיק בָּהּ, הַשְׁתָּא נָמֵי נָפֵיק.

Or perhaps we say: Since, if one had not designated the produce as ḥalla and it had become ritually impure, it could be redeemed and be permitted to be eaten in any habitation, and one could fulfill the obligation of matza with it, now too, one can fulfill his obligation with it, despite the fact that it has been designated as ḥalla . Since the sanctity is not inherent in the dough itself, it does not undermine its status as fit for matza .

Segment 11

אִיכָּא דְאָמְרִי: הָא וַדַּאי לָא תִּיבְּעֵי לָךְ, דְּוַדַּאי אָמְרִינַן ״הוֹאִיל״. כִּי תִּיבְּעֵי לָךְ חַלָּה הַלָּקוּחַ בְּכֶסֶף מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי.

Some say a different version of this analysis: With regard to this case, certainly do not raise the dilemma, as here we certainly apply the principle of: Since, as stated above. In other words, there is no doubt that ḥalla taken from second-tithe produce can be used for matza , as its sanctity is not inherent. Rather, when you raise the dilemma, it is with regard to ḥalla that was purchased with second-tithe money, as this type of food can be ritually purified if it becomes ritually impure.

Segment 12

וְאַלִּיבָּא דְרַבָּנַן לָא תִּיבְּעֵי לָךְ, כֵּיוָן דְּאָמְרִי יִפָּדֶה — הַיְינוּ מַעֲשֵׂר. כִּי תִּיבְּעֵי לָךְ, אַלִּיבָּא דְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה, דְּאָמַר — יִקָּבֵר.

And furthermore, in accordance with the opinion of the Rabbis, do not raise this dilemma, since they say that it can be redeemed for a second time; this case is identical to the case of second- tithe produce itself. In this regard, the Rabbis do not distinguish between the money with which the second tithe was redeemed and the second-tithe produce itself. Rather, when you raise the dilemma, it is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda, who said that an object that was purchased with second-tithe money and that became ritually impure must be buried.

Segment 13

דִּתְנַן: הַלָּקוּחַ בְּכֶסֶף מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁנִּטְמָא — יִפָּדֶה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: יִקָּבֵר.

As we learned in a mishna with regard to food that was purchased with second-tithe money that became ritually impure, this ritually impure food should be redeemed for money, with which one must purchase other food. Rabbi Yehuda says: It should be buried. Since this food was merely purchased with second-tithe money, it does not have the same degree of sanctity as the tithe itself. Therefore, its status as a second-tithe object cannot be transferred to yet a third object. Consequently, if it becomes impure, it cannot be redeemed for money but must be buried as an item for which there is no use.

Segment 14

מִי אָמְרִינַן: הוֹאִיל וְאִי לָא לָקוּחַ הָוֵי, וְהוֹאִיל וְלֹא קָרָא עָלֶיהָ שֵׁם וְאִיטַּמַּי — יֵשׁ לוֹ הֶיתֵּר בְּמוֹשָׁבוֹת, וְנָפֵיק בֵּיהּ, הַשְׁתָּא נָמֵי נָפֵיק בֵּיהּ.

The Gemara clarifies the aforementioned dilemma: Do we say the following: Since, if it were not purchased with second-tithe money, and furthermore, since, if one had not designated it as ḥalla and it became ritually impure, this produce would be permitted to be eaten in any habitation, one can therefore fulfill his obligation with it even after its status has changed by being purchased with second-tithe money and designated as ḥalla ?

Segment 15

אוֹ דִילְמָא: חַד ״הוֹאִיל״ אָמְרִינַן, תְּרֵי ״הוֹאִיל״ לָא אָמְרִינַן? אָמַר רָבָא: מִסְתַּבְּרָא שֵׁם מַעֲשֵׂר חַד הוּא.

Or perhaps we say one of these logical arguments starting with: Since, but we do not say two arguments of: Since. If so, one cannot fulfill his obligation with matza of ḥalla separated from second tithe. Rava said: It stands to reason that the category of tithe is a single designation. In other words, provided that the food is included in the general framework of second tithe, it can be used for matza , and this applies even to the ḥalla separated from second tithe.

Segment 16

חַלַּת תּוֹדָה וּרְקִיקֵי נָזִיר וְכוּ׳. מְנָא הָנֵי מִילֵּי? אָמַר רַבָּה: דְּאָמַר קְרָא

We learned in the mishna that if one prepared the loaves of a thanks-offering or a nazirite’s wafers for himself, he cannot use them to fulfill his obligation to eat matza on Passover. The Gemara asks: From where are these matters derived? Rabba said: As the verse states:

Pesachim 38a

Pesachim 38a

Rashi

Tosafot

Rabbeinu Chananel

Meiri

Maharsha (Chidushei Halachot)

Maharam

Penei Yehoshua

Gilyon HaShas

Chiddushei Rabbi Akiva Eiger

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