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Eruvin 93b

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Babylonian Talmud · folio map

Eruvin 93b

Eruvin 93b. The full printed text of this folio side — 14 numbered segments, about 267 words — with the classic commentaries printed on the page.

Original text

Segment 1

גִּידּוּד חֲמִשָּׁה וּמְחִיצָה חֲמִשָּׁה — אֵין מִצְטָרְפִין עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא אוֹ כּוּלּוֹ בְּגִידּוּד אוֹ כּוּלּוֹ בִּמְחִיצָה.

An embankment, a height disparity between two surfaces of five handbreadths, and an additional partition of five handbreadths do not join together to form a partition of ten handbreadths, the minimum height for a partition to enclose a private domain. It is regarded as a partition of ten handbreadths only if the barrier is composed entirely of the embankment or if it is composed entirely of a partition.

Segment 2

מֵיתִיבִי: שְׁתֵּי חֲצֵירוֹת זוֹ לְמַעְלָה מִזּוֹ וְעֶלְיוֹנָה גְּבוֹהָה מִן הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, אוֹ שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ גִּידּוּד חֲמִשָּׁה וּמְחִיצָה חֲמִשָּׁה — מְעָרְבִין שְׁנַיִם, וְאֵין מְעָרְבִין אֶחָד. פָּחוֹת מִכָּאן מְעָרְבִין אֶחָד, וְאֵין מְעָרְבִין שְׁנַיִם!

The Gemara raises an objection from a baraita : If there were two courtyards, one above the other, and the upper one was ten handbreadths higher than the lower one, or if it had an embankment of five handbreadths and a partition of five handbreadths, the two courtyards are considered separate domains and they establish two eiruvin , one for each courtyard, and they do not establish one eiruv . If the height disparity was less than ten handbreadths, the two areas are considered a single domain, and they establish one eiruv and they do not establish two eiruvin .

Segment 3

אָמַר (רַב): מוֹדֶה רַב חִסְדָּא בַּתַּחְתּוֹנָה, הוֹאִיל וְרוֹאֶה פְּנֵי עֲשָׂרָה. אִי הָכִי: תַּחְתּוֹנָה — תְּעָרֵב שְׁנַיִם וְלֹא תְּעָרֵב אֶחָד, עֶלְיוֹנָה — לֹא תְּעָרֵב לֹא אֶחָד וְלֹא שְׁנַיִם.

Rav said: Rav Ḥisda concedes that an embankment and a partition combine with regard to the lower courtyard, since it faces a wall of ten, i.e., there is a full partition of ten handbreadths before its residents. The Gemara raises a difficulty: If so, according to this reasoning, the residents of the lower courtyard, from whose perspective there is a valid partition, should establish two eiruvin , i.e., an independent eiruv , and do not establish one eiruv together with the upper courtyard, while the residents of the upper courtyard establish neither one eiruv nor two. The residents of the upper courtyard neither establish an eiruv on their own, as it is breached into the lower one, nor can they establish an eiruv together with the lower courtyard, because the latter is separated from it.

Segment 4

אָמַר רַבָּה בַּר עוּלָּא: כְּגוֹן שֶׁהָיְתָה עֶלְיוֹנָה מְגוּפֶּפֶת עַד עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת.

Rabba bar Ulla said: The baraita is referring to a case where the upper courtyard had full-fledged ten-handbreadth-high walls that protruded on both sides of the section of the partition that was merely five handbreadths high, a protrusion that extended up to ten cubits. In this case, the upper courtyard is properly enclosed by a partition ten handbreadths high, while the section that is only five handbreadths high is deemed an entrance. Consequently, even the residents of the upper courtyard can establish an eiruv on their own. But the two courtyards cannot be merged by a single eiruv , because the lower courtyard is enclosed by a partition from which there is no entrance to the upper courtyard.

Segment 5

אִי הָכִי, אֵימָא סֵיפָא: פָּחוֹת מִכָּאן — מְעָרְבִין אֶחָד וְאֵין מְעָרְבִין שְׁנַיִם, אִי בָּעֲיָא — חַד תְּעָרֵב, אִי בָּעֲיָא — תְּרֵי תְּעָרֵב!

The Gemara raises a difficulty: If so, say the latter clause of that same baraita : If the height disparity was less than ten handbreadths, they are considered a single domain, and the residents therefore establish one eiruv , but they do not establish two eiruvin . According to the explanation suggested above, that there is a partition ten handbreadths high between the courtyards with an entrance of sorts between them, if they wish, they establish one eiruv , and if they wish, they establish two eiruvin . That is the halakha in a case of two courtyards with an entrance between them.

Segment 6

אָמַר רַבָּה בְּרֵיהּ דְּרָבָא: כְּגוֹן שֶׁנִּפְרְצָה הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה בִּמְלוֹאָהּ לָעֶלְיוֹנָה.

Rabba, son of Rava, said: The baraita refers to a case where the lower courtyard was fully breached into the upper one, i.e., the gap in the wall spanned the entire width of the lower courtyard. In that case, the residents of the lower courtyard establish a joint eiruv with the upper courtyard; however, they may not establish an eiruv of their own, in accordance with the mishna in which we learned that if a large courtyard is breached into a smaller one, it is permitted for the residents of the large courtyard to carry, but it is prohibited for the residents of the small one to do so.

Segment 7

אִי הָכִי, תַּחְתּוֹנָה חַד תְּעָרֵב, תְּרֵי לָא תְּעָרֵב. עֶלְיוֹנָה, אִי בָּעֲיָא — תְּרֵי תְּעָרֵב, אִי בָּעֲיָא — חַד תְּעָרֵב.

The Gemara raises a difficulty: If so, the halakha should be that the residents of the lower courtyard establish one eiruv together with the upper one, but they do not establish two eiruvin , i.e., the residents cannot establish an independent eiruv for their courtyard. However, with regard to the upper one, if its residents wish, they establish one eiruv together with the lower courtyard, and if they wish, they establish two eiruvin . The residents of the upper courtyard can establish an independent eiruv for their courtyard, as the larger courtyard renders it prohibited for the residents of the smaller courtyard to carry, but not vice versa.

Segment 8

אִין הָכִי נָמֵי. וְכִי קָתָנֵי ״פָּחוֹת מִכָּאן מְעָרְבִין אֶחָד וְאֵין מְעָרְבִין שְׁנַיִם״, אַתַּחְתּוֹנָה.

The Gemara answers: Yes, it is indeed so; that is the halakha . And when the baraita teaches: If the height disparity was less than ten handbreadths, the residents establish one eiruv , but they do not establish two eiruvin , this statement is not referring to both courtyards, but only to the lower one.

Segment 9

דְּרַשׁ מָרִימָר: גִּידּוּד חֲמִשָּׁה וּמְחִיצָה חֲמִשָּׁה — מִצְטָרְפִין. אַשְׁכְּחֵיהּ רָבִינָא לְרַב אַחָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרָבָא, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: תָּנֵי מָר מִידֵּי בִּמְחִיצָה? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: לָא. וְהִלְכְתָא: גִּידּוּד חֲמִשָּׁה וּמְחִיצָה חֲמִשָּׁה מִצְטָרְפִין.

Mareimar taught: An embankment of five handbreadths and an additional partition of five handbreadths above it combine to form a partition of ten handbreadths. Ravina met Rav Aḥa, son of Rava, and said to him: Has the Master taught anything with regard to this partition, whether it is effective or not? He said to him: No. The Gemara concludes: The halakha is that an embankment of five handbreadths and a partition of five handbreadths combine to form an effective partition of ten handbreadths.

Segment 10

בָּעֵי רַב הוֹשַׁעְיָא: דָּיוֹרִין הַבָּאִין בְּשַׁבָּת, מַהוּ שֶׁיֵּאָסְרוּ?

Rav Hoshaya raised a dilemma: What is the ruling with regard to residents who arrive on Shabbat, i.e., who join the residents of a courtyard on Shabbat, e.g., if the wall between two courtyards collapsed on Shabbat so that new residents arrive in one courtyard from the other. Had these people arrived before Shabbat they would have rendered it prohibited for the residents to carry in the courtyard unless they participated with the original residents in their eiruv . Do these residents render it prohibited for the original residents to carry in the courtyard, even if they arrive on Shabbat itself?

Segment 11

אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא, תָּא שְׁמַע: חָצֵר גְּדוֹלָה שֶׁנִּפְרְצָה לִקְטַנָּה — הַגְּדוֹלָה מוּתֶּרֶת וְהַקְּטַנָּה אֲסוּרָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא כְּפִתְחָהּ שֶׁל גְּדוֹלָה. אָמַר רַבָּה: אֵימַר מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם נִפְרְצָה.

Rav Ḥisda said: Come and hear a resolution to the dilemma from the mishna: With regard to a large courtyard that was breached into a small courtyard, it is permitted for the residents of the large courtyard to carry, but it is prohibited for the residents of the small one to do so. It is permitted to carry in the large courtyard because the breach is regarded like the entrance of the large courtyard. Apparently, even if the breach occurred on Shabbat, it is prohibited for the residents of the small courtyard to carry. Rabba said: Say that the mishna is dealing with a case where it was breached while it was still day, i.e., on Friday. However, there is no prohibition if the breach occurred on Shabbat itself.

Segment 12

אֲמַר לֵיהּ אַבָּיֵי: לָא תֵּימָא מָר ״אֵימַר״, אֶלָּא וַדַּאי מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם נִפְרְצָה. דְּהָא מָר הוּא דְּאָמַר, בְּעַי מִינֵּיהּ מֵרַב הוּנָא וּבְעַי מִינֵּיהּ מֵרַב יְהוּדָה: עֵירַב דֶּרֶךְ הַפֶּתַח וְנִסְתַּם הַפֶּתַח, עֵירַב דֶּרֶךְ חַלּוֹן וְנִסְתַּם הַחַלּוֹן, מַהוּ? וְאָמַר לִי: שַׁבָּת, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהוּתְּרָה הוּתְּרָה.

Abaye said to him: The Master should not state: Say, indicating that it is possible to explain the mishna in this manner. Rather, the mishna is certainly referring to a case where the courtyard was breached while it was still day. As Master, you are the one who said: I raised a dilemma before Rav Huna, and I raised a dilemma before Rav Yehuda: If one established an eiruv to join one courtyard to another via a certain opening, and that opening was sealed on Shabbat, or if one established an eiruv via a certain window, and that window was sealed on Shabbat, what is the halakha ? May one continue to rely on this eiruv and carry from one courtyard to the other via other entrances? And he said to me: Once it was permitted to carry from courtyard to courtyard at the onset of Shabbat, it was permitted and remains so until the conclusion of Shabbat. According to this principle, if a breach that adds residents occurs on Shabbat, the breach does not render prohibited activities that were permitted when Shabbat began.

Segment 13

אִתְּמַר, כּוֹתֶל שֶׁבֵּין שְׁתֵּי חֲצֵירוֹת שֶׁנָּפַל, רַב אָמַר: אֵין מְטַלְטְלִין בּוֹ אֶלָּא בְּאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת.

It is stated that amora’im disagreed: With regard to a wall between two courtyards, whose residents did not establish a joint eiruv , that collapsed on Shabbat, Rav said: One may carry in the joint courtyard only within four cubits, as carrying in each courtyard is prohibited due to the other, because they did not establish an eiruv together. Rav does not accept the principle that an activity that was permitted at the start of Shabbat remains permitted until the conclusion of Shabbat.

Segment 14

וּשְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר:

And Shmuel said:

Eruvin 93b

Eruvin 93b

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