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Eruvin 27b

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Babylonian Talmud · folio map

Eruvin 27b

Eruvin 27b. The full printed text of this folio side — 18 numbered segments, about 473 words — with the classic commentaries printed on the page.

Original text

Segment 1

לֹא נִצְרְכָה אֶלָּא שֶׁנָּתַן לְתוֹכָן שֶׁמֶן.

Rabbi Yitzḥak’s ruling that water and salt mixed together may be bought with second-tithe money was only necessary in a case where one added oil to them. But a mixture of water and salt alone may not be purchased with second-tithe money.

Segment 2

אֲמַר לֵיהּ אַבָּיֵי: וְתִיפּוֹק לֵיהּ מִשּׁוּם שֶׁמֶן! לֹא צְרִיכָא, שֶׁנָּתַן דְּמֵי מַיִם וּמֶלַח בְּהַבְלָעָה.

Abaye said to Rav Yosef: If so, let him derive that the mixture may be bought with second-tithe money because of the oil alone. The Gemara refutes this argument: No, it was necessary for a case in which one paid the value of the water and salt by including it in the payment for the oil. Although ostensibly the money that he paid was for the oil, he added to the price of the oil in order to include payment for the water and salt that were mixed with it.

Segment 3

וּבְהַבְלָעָה מִי שְׁרֵי? אִין — וְהָתַנְיָא, בֶּן בַּג בַּג אוֹמֵר: ״בַּבָּקָר״ — מְלַמֵּד שֶׁלּוֹקְחִין בָּקָר עַל גַּב עוֹרוֹ. ״וּבַצֹּאן״ — מְלַמֵּד שֶׁלּוֹקְחִין צֹאן עַל גַּב גִּיזָּתָהּ. ״וּבַיַּיִן״ — מְלַמֵּד שֶׁלּוֹקְחִין יַיִן עַל גַּב קַנְקַנּוֹ. ״וּבַשֵּׁכָר״ — מְלַמֵּד שֶׁלּוֹקְחִין תֶּמֶד מִשֶּׁהֶחְמִיץ.

The Gemara asks: But if something may not be bought with second-tithe money, is one permitted to buy it by including it in the payment for something which may be bought with second-tithe money? The Gemara answers: Yes, and so it was taught in the following baraita : Ben Bag Bag says in exposition of the verse: “And you shall bestow that money on all that your heart desires, on oxen, on sheep, on wine, on strong drink, on whatever your soul requests” (Deuteronomy 14:26): “On oxen” teaches that one may buy an ox and include in its price payment for its hide. Although the hide cannot be eaten, it may be bought together with the ox, and it does not acquire the sanctity of the second tithe. “On sheep” teaches that one may buy a sheep and include in its price payment for its fleece, which is used for purposes other than eating. “On wine” teaches that one may buy wine and include in its price payment for its jug. “On strong drink” teaches that one is permitted to buy not only actual wine, but one may buy even mead, water in which grape seeds are soaked, once it has fermented and acquired the flavor of wine.

Segment 4

אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: מַאן דִּמְתַרְגֵּם לִי ״בַּבָּקָר״ אַלִּיבָּא דְּבֶן בַּג בַּג, מוֹבֵילְנָא מָאנֵיהּ אַבָּתְרֵיהּ לְבֵי מַסּוּתָא.

Having cited ben Bag Bag’s exposition of the verse, the Gemara continues: Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Whoever interprets the words “on oxen” for me in accordance with the opinion of ben Bag Bag, I will carry his clothes after him into the bathhouse, i.e., I will honor him to such an extent that I will be prepared to treat him as a servant treats his master.

Segment 5

מַאי טַעְמָא? כּוּלְּהוּ צְרִיכִי לְבַר מִ״בַּבָּקָר״, דְּלָא צְרִיךְ. מַאי צְרִיכִי? דְּאִי כְּתַב רַחֲמָנָא ״בַּבָּקָר״, הֲוָה אָמֵינָא: בָּקָר הוּא דְּמִזְדַּבַּן עַל גַּב עוֹרוֹ, מִשּׁוּם דְּגוּפֵיהּ הוּא. אֲבָל צֹאן עַל גַּב גִּיזָּתָהּ, דְּלָאו גּוּפֵיהּ הוּא — אֵימָא לָא.

What is the reason for Rabbi Yoḥanan’s difficulty? All parts of the verse cited above are necessary, except for the expression “on oxen,” which is not necessary. The Gemara clarifies: For what purpose are all the other words necessary? As, if the Torah had written only “on oxen,” I might have said that it is only an ox that may be bought together with its hide with second-tithe money because the hide is an inseparable part of its body, and therefore it is not considered an independent entity from its flesh. But as for buying a sheep together with its fleece, which is not an inseparable part of its body because the fleece can be removed from the sheep while it is alive, you might say no, second-tithe money may not be spent in this manner. It was therefore necessary to state “on sheep.”

Segment 6

וְאִי כְּתַב רַחֲמָנָא ״בַּצֹּאן״ עַל גַּב גִּיזָּתָהּ, הֲוָה אָמֵינָא: מִשּׁוּם דִּמְחוּבָּר בָּהּ. אֲבָל יַיִן עַל גַּב קַנְקַנּוֹ — אֵימָא לָא.

And if the Torah had also written “on sheep,” teaching that one may buy even a sheep with second-tithe money together with its fleece, I might have said that it is only a sheep that may be bought together with its fleece because the fleece is attached to it, and therefore it is considered part of the animal. But as for buying wine together with its jug, you might say no, second-tithe money may not be spent this way. It was therefore necessary to state “on wine.”

Segment 7

וְאִי כְּתַב רַחֲמָנָא ״בַּיַּיִן״, הֲוָה אָמֵינָא: מִשּׁוּם דְּהַיְינוּ נְטִירוּתֵיהּ. אֲבָל תֶּמֶד מִשֶּׁהֶחְמִיץ דְּקִיּוּהָא בְּעָלְמָא הוּא, אֵימָא לָא. כְּתַב רַחֲמָנָא ״שֵׁכָר״.

And if the Torah had also written “on wine,” indicating that one may even buy wine together with its jug with second-tithe money, I might still have said that this is because the jug is needed for the wine’s preservation, as there is no way to carry wine without some sort of container. But as for mead that has fermented, which is mere acidity, you might say no, it should not be included among the items that may be bought with second-tithe money. Therefore, the Torah wrote: “On strong drink.”

Segment 8

וְאִי כְּתַב רַחֲמָנָא ״בַּשֵּׁכָר״, הֲוָה אָמֵינָא: מַאי שֵׁכָר? דְּבֵילָה קְעִילִית, דְּפֵירָא הוּא. אֲבָל יַיִן עַל גַּב קַנְקַנּוֹ — אֵימָא לָא.

The necessity of each word much be proven in the opposite order as well. And if the Torah had only written “on strong drink,” I might have said: What is meant by strong drink? Dried figs from the town of Ke’ila, which are choice and juicy figs that can have an intoxicating effect. They are therefore considered produce and not merely mead. But as for buying wine together with its jug, you might say no, this may not be done with second-tithe money, and therefore it was necessary to state “on wine.”

Segment 9

וְאִי כְּתַב רַחֲמָנָא יַיִן עַל גַּב קַנְקַנּוֹ — דְּהַיְינוּ נְטִירוּתֵיהּ. אֲבָל צֹאן עַל גַּב גִּיזָּתָהּ — אֵימָא לָא. כְּתַב רַחֲמָנָא ״צֹאן״, דַּאֲפִילּוּ עַל גַּב גִּיזָּתָהּ.

And if the Torah had also written “on wine,” indicating that one may buy even wine together with its jug with second-tithe money, I might have said that this is because the jug is needed for the wine’s preservation. But as for buying a sheep together with its fleece, you might say no, this may not be done with second-tithe money. Therefore, the Torah stated “on sheep,” to teach that a sheep may be bought with second-tithe money even together with its fleece.

Segment 10

״בַּבָּקָר״ לְמָה לִי?! וְכִי תֵּימָא: אִי לָא כְּתַב רַחֲמָנָא ״בַּבָּקָר״, הֲוָה אָמֵינָא: צֹאן עַל גַּב עוֹרָהּ אִין, עַל גַּב גִּיזָּתָהּ לָא. כְּתַב רַחֲמָנָא ״בַּבָּקָר״ לְאֵתוֹיֵי עוֹרוֹ. אִיַּיתַּר לֵיהּ ״צֹאן״ לְאֵתוֹיֵי גִּיזָּתָהּ.

If so, why do I need the words “on oxen”? If one may purchase a sheep together with its fleece with second-tithe money, it should certainly be permitted to buy an ox together with its hide. And if you say that if the Torah had not written “on oxen,” I might have said that a sheep together with its hide, yes, it may be bought with second-tithe money, but together with its fleece, no, it may not be bought; therefore, the Torah wrote “on oxen,” to include its hide, and so “on sheep” remains available for interpretation to include its fleece, i.e., that a sheep may be bought even together with its fleece. Therefore, the words “on oxen” are necessary, for without them I would have understood “on sheep” differently.

Segment 11

אִי לָא כְּתַב רַחֲמָנָא ״בָּקָר״, לָא הֲוָה אָמֵינָא צֹאן עַל גַּב עוֹרָהּ — אִין, עַל גַּב גִּיזָּתָהּ — לָא. דְּאִם כֵּן, לִכְתּוֹב רַחֲמָנָא ״בָּקָר״, דְּמִמֵּילָא אִיַּיתַּר לֵיהּ ״צֹאן״.

This argument can, however, be refuted: Even if the Torah had not written “on oxen,” I would not have said that a sheep together with its hide, yes, it may be bought with second-tithe money, but together with its fleece, no, it may not. For if it were so, the Torah should have written “on oxen,” in which case the words “on sheep” would remain available for interpretation. “On sheep” can be explained in two ways, both in reference to its hide as well as in reference to its fleece. Had the Torah wanted to teach only that an animal may be bought together with its hide but not with its fleece, it would have written “on oxen” only, which would have left no room for error, as oxen do not have fleece.

Segment 12

וְכֵיוָן דִּכְתַב רַחֲמָנָא ״צֹאן״, דַּאֲפִילּוּ עַל גַּב גִּיזָּתָהּ. ״בַּבָּקָר״ לְמָה לִי? הַשְׁתָּא צֹאן עַל גַּב גִּיזָּתָהּ מִיזְדַּבְּנָא, בָּקָר עַל גַּב עוֹרוֹ מִיבַּעְיָא? הַיְינוּ דְּקָאָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: מַאן דִּמְתַרְגֵּם לִי ״בַּבָּקָר״ אַלִּיבָּא דְּבֶן בַּג בַּג, מוֹבֵילְנָא מָאנֵיהּ לְבֵי מַסּוּתָא.

And since the Torah writes “on sheep,” teaching that a sheep may be bought with second-tithe money even together with its fleece, why do I need the words “on oxen”? These words are now entirely superfluous. If a sheep may be bought together with its fleece, is it necessary to state that an ox may be bought together with its hide? This is what Rabbi Yoḥanan meant when he said: Whoever interprets the words “on oxen” for me in accordance with the opinion of ben Bag Bag, I will carry his clothes after him into the bathhouse.

Segment 13

בְּמַאי קָא מִיפַּלְגִי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶּן גָּדִישׁ וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וְהָנֵי תַּנָּאֵי דִּלְקַמַּן? רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶּן גָּדִישׁ וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר דָּרְשִׁי רִבּוּיֵי וּמִיעוּטֵי, וְהָנֵי תַּנָּאֵי דָּרְשִׁי כְּלָלֵי וּפְרָטֵי.

The Gemara now returns to the tannaitic disagreement pertaining to buying fish brine with second-tithe money: With regard to what principle do Rabbi Yehuda ben Gadish, and Rabbi Eliezer, and these tanna’im whose views will be cited below, disagree? The Gemara explains: Rabbi Yehuda ben Gadish and Rabbi Eliezer expound the verse based on the principle of amplifications and restrictions, and these tanna’im expound it based on the principle of generalizations and details, which is a different approach to biblical exegesis.

Segment 14

רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶּן גָּדִישׁ וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר דָּרְשִׁי רִיבּוּיֵי וּמִיעוּטֵי. ״וְנָתַתָּה הַכֶּסֶף בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תְּאַוֶּה נַפְשְׁךָ״ — רִיבָּה, ״בַּבָּקָר וּבַצֹּאן וּבַיַּיִן וּבַשֵּׁכָר״ — מִיעֵט, ״וּבְכֹל אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁאׇלְךָ נַפְשֶׁךָ״ — חָזַר וְרִיבָּה. רִיבָּה וּמִיעֵט וְרִיבָּה — רִיבָּה הַכֹּל. מַאי רַבִּי? רַבִּי כׇּל מִילֵּי. וּמַאי מִיעֵט? לְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מִיעֵט צִיר, לְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶּן גָּדִישׁ מִיעֵט מַיִם וּמֶלַח.

Rabbi Yehuda ben Gadish and Rabbi Eliezer expound the verse based on the principle of amplifications and restrictions. When the verse states: “And you shall bestow the money on all that your heart desires” (Deuteronomy 14:26), it has amplified. When it then states: “On oxen, on sheep, on wine, and on strong drink,” it has restricted its discussion to certain specific items. When it concludes with the phrase: “On whatever your soul requests,” it has once again amplified. According to this exegetical approach, we conclude that since it amplified and restricted and once again amplified, it has amplified the general category to include everything. What has it amplified the category to include? It has amplified the category to include everything. And what has it restricted from inclusion in the category? Only one thing: According to Rabbi Eliezer, it restricted brine from inclusion because brine is not at all similar to the items listed in the verse; according to Rabbi Yehuda ben Gadish, it restricted water and salt.

Segment 15

וְהָנֵי תַּנָּאֵי דָּרְשִׁי כְּלָלֵי וּפְרָטֵי. דְּתַנְיָא: ״וְנָתַתָּה הַכֶּסֶף בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תְּאַוֶּה נַפְשְׁךָ״ — כָּלַל, ״בַּבָּקָר וּבַצֹּאן וּבַיַּיִן וּבַשֵּׁכָר״ — פָּרַט, ״וּבְכֹל אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁאׇלְךָ נַפְשֶׁךָ״ — חָזַר וְכָלַל. כְּלָל וּפְרָט וּכְלָל אִי אַתָּה דָן אֶלָּא כְּעֵין הַפְּרָט. וּמָה הַפְּרָט מְפוֹרָשׁ: פְּרִי מִפְּרִי, וְגִידּוּלֵי קַרְקַע, אַף כֹּל פְּרִי מִפְּרִי וְגִידּוּלֵי קַרְקַע.

And these other tanna’im expound the verse according to the principle of generalizations and details, as it was taught in a baraita : The phrase: “And you shall bestow the money on all that your heart desires” is a generalization, as no particular type of food is specified. The phrase: “On cattle, on sheep, on wine, and on strong drink” is a detail, as specific types of food are mentioned. When the verse concludes: “On whatever your soul requests,” it has generalized again, as no specific type of food is mentioned. Since the verse is formulated as a generalization, and a detail, and a generalization, you may deduce that the verse is referring only to items similar to the detail. Just as the items mentioned in the detail are clearly defined as the produce of produce, i.e., not only the produce itself but also things that come from it, such as the calf that comes from a cow or grapes from a seed, and they are also things grown from the ground, as all of these items grow from the ground or receive their main sustenance from it, so it includes all things that are the produce of produce and are grown from the ground.

Segment 16

וְתַנְיָא אִידַּךְ: מָה הַפְּרָט מְפוֹרָשׁ: וְלַד וַלְדוֹת הָאָרֶץ, אַף כֹּל וְלַד וַלְדוֹת הָאָרֶץ.

And it was taught in another baraita : Just as the items mentioned in the detail are clearly defined as the offspring of the offspring of the earth, i.e., things that come from items that came from the ground, so it includes all things that are the offspring of the offspring of the earth.

Segment 17

מַאי בֵּינַיְיהוּ? אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: דָּגִים אִיכָּא בֵּינַיְיהוּ. לְמַאן דְּאָמַר פְּרִי מִפְּרִי וְגִידּוּלֵי קַרְקַע, הָנֵי דָּגִים — גִּידּוּלֵי קַרְקַע נִינְהוּ. לְמַאן דְּאָמַר וְלַד וַלְדוֹת הָאָרֶץ, דָּגִים — מִמַּיָּא אִיבְּרוֹ.

The Gemara asks: What is the practical difference between these two baraitot ? Abaye said: There is a practical difference between them with regard to fish. According to the one who said that we apply the law to that which is the produce of produce and grown from the ground, fish are regarded as having grown from the ground. However, according to the one who said we apply it to that which is the offspring of the offspring of the earth, fish were created from water. Therefore, they are not of the offspring of the earth, and consequently they are not included among the items that may be purchased with second-tithe money.

Segment 18

וּמִי אָמַר אַבָּיֵי דָּגִים גִּידּוּלֵי קַרְקַע נִינְהוּ? וְהָאָמַר אַבָּיֵי:

The Gemara asks: Did Abaye say that fish are regarded as having been grown from the ground? Didn’t Abaye say the following?

Eruvin 27b

Eruvin 27b

Rashi

Tosafot

Rabbeinu Chananel

Rashba

Ritva

Meiri

Maharsha (Chidushei Halachot)

Maharam

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