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Eruvin 14b

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Babylonian Talmud · folio map

Eruvin 14b

Eruvin 14b. The full printed text of this folio side — 20 numbered segments, about 464 words — with the classic commentaries printed on the page.

Original text

Segment 1

בְּמַיִם״ — בְּמֵי מִקְוֶה. ״כׇּל בְּשָׂרוֹ״ — מַיִם שֶׁכׇּל גּוּפוֹ עוֹלֶה בָּהֶן, וְכַמָּה הֵן? אַמָּה עַל אַמָּה בְּרוּם שָׁלֹשׁ אַמּוֹת. וְשִׁיעֲרוּ חֲכָמִים, מֵי מִקְוֶה אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה.

in water ; specifically in the water of a ritual bath. The expression “all his flesh” (Leviticus 15:16) teaches that one must immerse in water that his whole body can enter at once. And how much is that? A cubit by a cubit by the height of three cubits. And the Sages calculated that the volume of water necessary for a ritual bath of this size is forty se’a .

Segment 2

כַּמָּה הָווּ לְהוּ? חֲמֵשׁ מְאָה גַּרְמִידֵי, לִתְלָת מְאָה — מְאָה, לְמֵאָה וְחַמְשִׁין — חַמְשִׁין. בְּאַרְבַּע מְאָה וְחַמְשִׁין סַגִּיא!

The Gemara now calculates how many ritual baths should have been contained in Solomon’s Sea. The volume of the sea was five hundred cubic cubits, as it was ten cubits in length, ten cubits in width, and five cubits in height. The minimum volume of a ritual bath is three cubic cubits. Therefore, three hundred cubic cubits is the volume of a hundred ritual baths, and one hundred and fifty cubic cubits is the volume of another fifty ritual baths. Consequently, four hundred and fifty cubic cubits are enough to contain a hundred and fifty ritual baths; but the volume of the sea was five hundred.

Segment 3

הָנֵי מִילֵּי בְּרִיבּוּעָא — יָם שֶׁעָשָׂה שְׁלֹמֹה עָגוֹל הָיָה.

The Gemara answers that there is an error in the calculation: These calculations with regard to the volume of the sea would apply to a square, but the sea fashioned by Solomon was round, and its volume was therefore smaller.

Segment 4

מִכְּדֵי, כַּמָּה מְרוּבָּע יָתֵר עַל הֶעָגוֹל? רְבִיעַ. לְאַרְבַּע מְאָה — מְאָה, לְמֵאָה — עֶשְׂרִים וַחֲמִשָּׁה. הָנֵי מֵאָה וְעֶשְׂרִים וַחֲמִשָּׁה הָווּ לְהוּ!

The Gemara continues to ask: Now, how much larger is a square of ten-by-ten cubits than a circle with a diameter of ten cubits? A quarter. Consequently, four hundred cubic cubits of our original calculation must be reduced to three hundred, which is the volume of one hundred ritual baths; and the remaining hundred cubits must be reduced to seventy-five, which is the volume of twenty-five ritual baths. According to this calculation, Solomon’s Sea was the size of only one hundred and twenty-five ritual baths, not one hundred and fifty as stated above.

Segment 5

תָּנֵי רָמֵי בַּר יְחֶזְקֵאל: יָם שֶׁעָשָׂה שְׁלֹמֹה, שָׁלֹשׁ אַמּוֹת תַּחְתּוֹנוֹת מְרוּבָּעוֹת, וּשְׁתַּיִם עֶלְיוֹנוֹת עֲגוּלּוֹת.

In answer to this question, Rami bar Yeḥezkel taught as follows: In the sea that Solomon fashioned, the three lower cubits were square and the upper two were round. Consequently, the three lower cubits of the sea contained the volume of a hundred ritual baths, and its upper two cubits contained the volume of fifty ritual baths, for a total of one hundred and fifty ritual baths.

Segment 6

נְהִי דְּאִיפְּכָא לָא מָצֵית אָמְרַתְּ — דִּ״שְׂפָתוֹ עָגוֹל״ כְּתִיב, אֶלָּא אֵימָא חֲדָא!

The Gemara comments: Although you cannot say the opposite, that the bottom of the sea was round, as it is written in the verse that its brim was round; you can, however, say that only one cubit on top was round.

Segment 7

לָא סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ, דִּכְתִיב: ״אַלְפַּיִם בַּת יָכִיל״. ״בַּת״ כַּמָּה הָוְיָא — שָׁלֹשׁ סְאִין, דִּכְתִיב: ״מַעְשַׂר הַבַּת מִן הַכּוֹר״, דְּהָוֵה לְהוּ שִׁיתָּא אַלְפֵי גְּרִיוֵי.

The Gemara rejects this possibility: This cannot enter your mind, as it is written with regard to the sea: “And it was a handbreadth thick, and its brim was wrought like the brim of a cup, like the petals of a lily; it contained two thousand bat ” (i Kings 7:26). How much is the measure of a bat ? Three se’a , as the verse states: “Concerning the ordinance of oil, the bat of oil, you shall offer the tenth part of a bat out of the kor , which is a ḥomer of ten bat , for ten bat are a ḥomer ” (Ezekiel 45:14). This proves that the bat is a tenth of a kor , or three se’a , as a kor is thirty se’a . Consequently, the sea, which contained two thousand bat , contained six thousand se’a , the volume of exactly one hundred and fifty ritual baths.

Segment 8

וְהָא כְּתִיב: ״מַחֲזִיק בַּתִּים שְׁלֹשֶׁת אֲלָפִים״? הָהוּא לְגוּדְשָׁא.

The Gemara asks: Isn’t it written elsewhere with regard to Solomon’s Sea: “It received and held three thousand bat ” (ii Chronicles 4:5)? The Gemara answers: That is referring to the heaped measure of dry goods that the sea could hold, as dry goods can be heaped above the brim.

Segment 9

אָמַר אַבָּיֵי, שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ: הַאי גּוּדְשָׁה, תִּלְתָּא הָוֵי. וּתְנַן נָמֵי: שִׁידָּה תֵּיבָה וּמִגְדָּל, כַּוֶּורֶת הַקַּשׁ וְכַוֶּורֶת הַקָּנִים, וּבוֹר סְפִינָה אֲלֶכְּסַנְדְּרִית, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהֶן שׁוּלַיִם וְהֵן מַחֲזִיקוֹת אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה בַּלַּח, שֶׁהֵן כּוֹרַיִים בַּיָּבֵשׁ — טְהוֹרִין.

Abaye said: Learn from it that the surplus of dry goods in a vessel relative to liquids is one-third of the contents of the vessel. We also learned the same thing in the following mishna: A carriage, a box, and a cupboard, a round straw barrel, and a round barrel made of reeds, and the cistern of an Alexandrian ship, which is a large vessel placed on a boat and filled with potable water, although these vessels have bottoms, i.e., they are receptacles, since they have a capacity of forty se’a of liquid, which is the equivalent of two kor of dry goods, they are ritually pure. Even if they come into contact with a source of ritual impurity, they do not become impure. Beyond a certain size, containers are no longer considered vessels and, consequently, cannot become ritually impure. This mishna states clearly that a vessel that holds forty se’a of liquids can hold two kor , or sixty se’a , of dry goods.

Segment 10

מַתְנִי׳ לְחָיַיִן שֶׁאָמְרוּ — גּוֹבְהָן עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, וְרׇחְבָּן וְעוֹבְיָין כׇּל שֶׁהוּא. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר: רׇחְבָּן שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים.

MISHNA: The side posts the Sages spoke of with regard to rendering an alleyway fit for one to carry within it, their height must be at least ten handbreadths, and their width and thickness may be any amount. Rabbi Yosei says: Their width must be at least three handbreadths.

Segment 11

גְּמָ׳ לְחָיַיִן שֶׁאָמְרוּ כּוּ׳. לֵימָא תְּנַן סְתָמָא כְּרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, דְּאָמַר לְחָיַיִן בָּעִינַן?

GEMARA: We learned in the mishna: The side posts the Sages spoke of, etc. The Gemara asks: Shall we say the mishna taught an unattributed ruling in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer, who said that in order to permit carrying in an alleyway, we require two side posts?

Segment 12

לָא, מַאי לְחָיַיִן — לְחָיַיִן דְּעָלְמָא. אִי הָכִי, קוֹרָה נָמֵי — נִיתְנֵי קוֹרוֹת, וּמַאי קוֹרוֹת: קוֹרוֹת דְּעָלְמָא!

The Gemara responds: No; what is meant by the plural term side posts? Side posts in general, and not those required by a single alleyway. The Gemara asks: If so, let the previous mishna also teach the halakha of a cross beam with the plural term cross beams, and we would say: What is meant by the plural term cross beams? Cross beams in general.

Segment 13

הָכִי קָאָמַר: אוֹתָן לְחָיַיִן שֶׁנֶּחְלְקוּ בָּהֶן רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וַחֲכָמִים — גּוֹבְהָן עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, וְרוֹחְבָּן וְעוֹבְיָין כׇּל שֶׁהוּא. וְכַמָּה כׇּל שֶׁהוּא, תָּנֵי רַבִּי חִיָּיא: אֲפִילּוּ כְּחוּט הַסַּרְבָּל.

The Gemara answers that this is what the mishna is saying: Those side posts that Rabbi Eliezer and the Sages disagreed about, of which Rabbi Eliezer required two and the Sages sufficed with one, their height must be at least ten handbreadths, and their width and thickness may be any amount. The Gemara asks: And how much is any amount? Rabbi Ḥiyya taught: Even as small as the string used to tie a coat.

Segment 14

תָּנָא עָשָׂה לֶחִי לַחֲצִי מָבוֹי אֵין לוֹ אֶלָּא חֲצִי מָבוֹי. פְּשִׁיטָא! אֶלָּא אֵימָא: יֵשׁ לוֹ חֲצִי מָבוֹי. הָא נָמֵי פְּשִׁיטָא! מַהוּ דְּתֵימָא: לֵיחוּשׁ דִּילְמָא אָתֵי לְאִישְׁתַּמּוֹשֵׁי בְּכוּלֵּיהּ, קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.

It was taught in a Tosefta : With regard to one who erected a side post for half an alleyway, i.e., he put it up halfway down the alleyway rather than at its entrance, he has the right to carry only in the inner half of the alleyway, but not in the outer half. The Gemara asks: That is obvious; what novel element was introduced here? Rather, say: He may carry in the inner half of the alleyway even though there is no side post at the entrance to the alleyway. The Gemara asks: That too is obvious. The Gemara explains that nonetheless there is a novelty here: Lest you say that we should be concerned that if it is permitted to carry in the inner half one might come to use the entire alleyway, the Tosefta teaches that carrying in the inner half is permitted.

Segment 15

אָמַר רָבָא: עָשָׂה לֶחִי לְמָבוֹי וְהִגְבִּיהוֹ מִן הַקַּרְקַע שְׁלֹשָׁה, אוֹ שֶׁהִפְלִיגוֹ מִן הַכּוֹתֶל שְׁלֹשָׁה — לֹא עָשָׂה וְלֹא כְלוּם. אֲפִילּוּ לְרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל דְּאָמַר אָמְרִינַן לָבוּד — הָנֵי מִילֵּי לְמַעְלָה, אֲבָל לְמַטָּה, כֵּיוָן דְּהָוְיָא מְחִיצָה שֶׁהַגְּדָיִין בּוֹקְעִין בָּהּ — לָא קָאָמַר.

Rava said: With regard to one who erected a side post in an alleyway and raised it three handbreadths from the ground, or distanced it three handbreadths from the wall, he has not done anything, as it is not a valid side post. Even according to the opinion of Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel, who said: We say that objects separated by a gap of up to four handbreadths are considered connected, that applies only above, e.g., to a cross beam that does not reach the wall of the alleyway; but below, since it is a partition through which goats can pass, as a goat can pass through an opening three handbreadths high, even he did not say that they are considered connected.

Segment 16

רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר רׇחְבָּן שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים. אָמַר רַב יוֹסֵף אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: אֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי לֹא בְּהֵילְמֵי וְלֹא בִּלְחָיַיִן.

We learned in the mishna that Rabbi Yosei says: The width of the side posts must be at least three handbreadths. Rav Yosef said that Rav Yehuda said that Shmuel said: The halakha is not in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei, not with regard to preparing salt brine [ hilmei ] on Shabbat, and not with regard to side posts.

Segment 17

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב הוּנָא בַּר חִינָּנָא: בְּהֵילְמֵי אֲמַרְתְּ לַן, בִּלְחָיַיִן לָא אֲמַרְתְּ לַן? מַאי שְׁנָא בְּהֵילְמֵי — דִּפְלִיגִי רַבָּנַן עֲלֵיהּ, לְחָיַיִן נָמֵי — פְּלִיגִי רַבָּנַן עֲלֵיהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: שָׁאנֵי לְחָיַיִן, מִשּׁוּם דְּקָאֵי רַבִּי כְּווֹתֵיהּ.

Rav Huna bar Ḥinana said to him: With regard to brine you told us that the halakha is not in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei, but with regard to side posts you did not tell us this; perhaps you have forgotten that the halakha is in accordance with his view in that case. Rav Yosef asked: What is different about brine, with regard to which the Sages disagree with Rabbi Yosei? In the case of side posts also the Sages disagree with him, and therefore the halakha should not be in accordance with his view in either case. Rav Huna bar Ḥinana said to him: Side posts are different, as Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi holds in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei, and therefore the halakha may be decided in accordance with their jointly held position.

Segment 18

רַב רְחוּמִי מַתְנֵי הָכִי: אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב שְׁמוּאֵל [בַּר שִׁילַת] מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרַב: אֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי לֹא בְּהֵילְמֵי וְלֹא בִּלְחָיַיִן. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אָמַרְתְּ? אֲמַר לְהוּ: לָא. אָמַר רָבָא: הָאֱלֹהִים! אַמְרַהּ, וּגְמִירְנָא לַהּ מִינֵּיהּ. וּמַאי טַעְמָא קָא הָדַר בֵּיהּ? מִשּׁוּם דְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי נִימּוּקוֹ עִמּוֹ.

The Gemara reports that Rav Raḥumei taught this version of the previous discussion: Rav Yehuda, the son of Rav Shmuel bar Sheilat, said in the name of Rav: The halakha is not in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei, not with regard to brine and not with regard to side posts. At some later point, someone said to him: Did you really say this? He said to them: No. Rava said, reinforcing his words with an oath: By God! He did in fact say this, and I learned it from him, but he later retracted this ruling. And what is the reason he retracted it? Due to the well-known principle that Rabbi Yosei’s reasoning [ nimmuko ] is with him, and the halakha follows his opinion even against the majority view.

Segment 19

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רָבָא בַּר רַב חָנָן לְאַבָּיֵי: הִילְכְתָא מַאי? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: פּוֹק חֲזִי מַאי עַמָּא דָבַר.

Rava bar Rav Ḥanan said to Abaye: What is the accepted halakha with regard to the width of a side post? He said to him: Go out and observe what the people are doing; it is common practice to rely on a side post of minimal width.

Segment 20

אִיכָּא דְּמַתְנֵי לַהּ אַהָא: הַשּׁוֹתֶה מַיִם לִצְמָאוֹ, אוֹמֵר: ״שֶׁהַכֹּל נִהְיָה בִּדְבָרוֹ״. רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר: ״בּוֹרֵא נְפָשׁוֹת רַבּוֹת וְחֶסְרוֹנָן עַל כָּל מַה שֶּׁבָּרָאתָ״. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב חָנָן לְאַבָּיֵי: הִלְכְתָא מַאי? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: פּוֹק חֲזִי מַאי עַמָּא דָבַר.

The Gemara notes that there are those who taught that this answer was given with regard to this discussion: One who drinks water to quench his thirst recites the following blessing prior to drinking: By Whose word all things came to be. Rabbi Tarfon disagrees and says he recites the blessing: Who creates the many forms of life and their needs, for all that You have created. Rav Ḥanan said to Abaye: What is the halakha ? He said to him: Go out and observe what the people are doing; the customary practice is to say: By Whose word all things came to be.

Eruvin 14b

Eruvin 14b

Rashi

Tosafot

Rav Nissim Gaon

Rabbeinu Chananel

Rashba

Ritva

Meiri

Maharsha (Chidushei Halachot)

Gilyon HaShas

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