Zevachim 98b

דַּם חַטָּאת לְמַטָּה וְדַם עוֹלָה לְמַעְלָה, טָעוּן כִּיבּוּס.

when the blood of a sin offering is below and the blood of a burnt offering is above, in a case in which the blood of a burnt offering is sprayed as a second layer on top of the blood of a sin offering that has already been sprayed and absorbed into a garment, the garment requires laundering.

בָּעֵי רָבָא: דַּם עוֹלָה לְמַטָּה וְדַם חַטָּאת לְמַעְלָה, מַהוּ? מִשּׁוּם נוֹגֵעַ הוּא – וְהָא נוֹגֵעַ; אוֹ דִלְמָא מִשּׁוּם בָּלוּעַ הוּא – וְהָא לָא בָּלַע (הוּא)? הֲדַר פַּשְׁטַהּ, דְּאֵין טְעוּנִין כִּיבּוּס.

Rava asks: When the blood of a burnt offering is below and the blood of a sin offering is above, what is the halakha ? Is one required to launder a garment to remove the blood of a sin offering because the blood touches his garment, and in this case, this blood is touching the garment? Or perhaps is one required to launder it because of the absorption of the blood into the garment, and, in this case, since the garment has already absorbed the other blood, this garment did not absorb the blood? Rava then resolves his dilemma, ruling that such garments do not require laundering.

אָמַר רָבָא: פְּשִׁיטָא לִי, דָּם עַל בִּגְדּוֹ – חוֹצֵץ, וְאִם טַבָּח הוּא – אֵינוֹ חוֹצֵץ. רְבָב עַל בִּגְדּוֹ – חוֹצֵץ, וְאִם מוֹכֵר רְבָב הוּא – אֵינוֹ חוֹצֵץ. בָּעֵי רָבָא: דָּם וּרְבָב עַל בִּגְדּוֹ, מַהוּ?

§ In a similar manner, with regard to the immersion of a garment that has become impure, Rava said: It is obvious to me that if there is blood on one’s garment, it interposes between the water of immersion and the garment, such that the immersion is ineffective. But if he is a butcher, used to having blood on his garments, a bloodstain does not interpose, and the immersion is effective, since a substance is not considered an interposition if the one immersing is not particular about it. Similarly, if there is a stain of fat [ revav ] on one’s garment, it interposes. But if he is a fat seller, such a stain does not interpose. Rava asks: If there is both blood and fat on one’s garment when he immerses it, what is the halakha ?

אִם טַבָּח הוּא, תִּיפּוֹק לִי מִשּׁוּם רְבָב! וְאִי מוֹכֵר רְבָב הוּא, תִּיפּוֹק לִי מִשּׁוּם דָּם! לָא צְרִיכָא, דְּעָבֵיד הָא וְהָא. אַחֲדָא לָא קָפֵיד, אַתַּרְתֵּי קָפֵיד; אוֹ דִּלְמָא אַתַּרְתֵּי נָמֵי לָא קָפֵיד? תֵּיקוּ.

The Gemara challenges the question: If he is a butcher, let me derive that the stain interposes due to the fat that he is not used to having on his garments; and conversely, if he is a fat seller, let me derive that the stain interposes due to the stain of blood that he is not used to having on his garments. The Gemara explains: No, this question is not superfluous; it is necessary with regard to a person who works both as this, a butcher, and as that, a fat seller. In such a case, the question is: Is it that he is not particular with regard to one stain, but he is particular with regard to two stains, so that the immersion is ineffective? Or, perhaps, is it that he is not particular even with regard to two stains, as neither is unusual for him? The Gemara provides no answer, and the question shall stand unresolved.

הֲדַרַן עֲלָךְ דַּם חַטָּאת

MISHNA: A priest who was ritually impure who immersed that day and is waiting for nightfall for the purification process to be completed, and a priest who has not yet brought an atonement offering to complete the purification process, e.g., a zav and a leper who did not bring their requisite atonement offerings, who are not yet permitted to partake of sacrificial meat, do not receive a share of sacrificial meat along with the other members of the patrilineal priestly family serving in the Temple that day, in order to partake of it in the evening after the offerings were sacrificed, even though after nightfall he would be permitted to partake of the offerings.

מַתְנִי׳ טְבוּל יוֹם וּמְחוּסַּר כִּיפּוּרִים – אֵינָן חוֹלְקִין בַּקֳּדָשִׁים לֶאֱכוֹל לָעֶרֶב.

A priest who is an acute mourner, i.e., if one of his relatives for whom he is obligated to mourn died that day, is permitted to touch sacrificial meat, as he is not ritually impure. But he may not sacrifice offerings, and he does not receive a share of sacrificial meat in order to partake of it in the evening.

אוֹנֵן – (אֵינוֹ) נוֹגֵעַ וְאֵינוֹ מַקְרִיב, וְאֵינוֹ חוֹלֵק לֶאֱכוֹל לָעֶרֶב.

Blemished priests, whether they are temporarily blemished or whether they are permanently blemished, receive a share and partake of the offerings with their priestly brethren, but do not sacrifice the offerings.

בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין, בֵּין בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין עוֹבְרִין בֵּין בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין קְבוּעִין – חוֹלְקִין וְאוֹכְלִין, אֲבָל לֹא מַקְרִיבִין.

The principle is: Any priest who is unfit for the service that specific day does not receive a share of the sacrificial meat, and anyone who has no share of the meat has no share in the hides of the animals, to which the priests are entitled as well.

כֹּל שֶׁאֵינוֹ רָאוּי לַעֲבוֹדָה – אֵינוֹ חוֹלֵק בַּבָּשָׂר. וְכֹל שֶׁאֵין לוֹ בַּבָּשָׂר – אֵין לוֹ בָּעוֹרוֹת.

Even if the priest was ritually impure only at the time of the sprinkling of the blood of the offering and he was pure at the time of the burning of the fats of that offering, he still does not receive a share of the meat, as it is stated: “He that sacrifices the blood of the peace offerings and the fat, from among the sons of Aaron, shall have the right thigh for a portion” (Leviticus 7:33). One who cannot sprinkle the blood does not receive a share in the meat.

אֲפִילּוּ טָמֵא בִּשְׁעַת זְרִיקַת דָּמִים, וְטָהוֹר בִּשְׁעַת הֶקְטֵר חֲלָבִים – אֵינוֹ חוֹלֵק בַּבָּשָׂר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״הַמַּקְרִיב אֶת דַּם הַשְּׁלָמִים [וְאֶת הַחֵלֶב מִבְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן] – לוֹ (יִהְיֶה) [תִהְיֶה שׁוֹק הַיָּמִין לְמָנָה]״.