Shulchan Arukh Orach Chayim · Siman 620

Shulchan Arukh Orach Chayim 620 — English translation

Translation: Hilkhot Yom ha-Kippurim, trans. by Jan M. Brahms. HUC, 1976. Section numbers match the Hebrew text above.

1. 1“It is a good custom to shorten the Morning Prayer” - Containing one paragraph. It is good to shorten the poems and the penitential prayers of the Morning Service so as to speed up the matter so that one can pray the Additional Service, מוסף , the Additional Service; is a special section of prayers that is added to the Morning Service on Sabbaths, festivals, and New Moons which corresponds to the additional sacrifice that was made on these days in the Temple. In the Bible (Numbers 28-29) additional offerings are prescribed to be brought on Sabbaths, the three pilgrimage festivals, Sukkot, Pesaḥ, and Shavuot, Rosh HaShanah, Yom Kippur, and Rosh Ḥodesh (New Moons). Talmud tractate Yoma 33a states that this Additional Sacrifice was to be made after the regular Morning Sacrifice. After the Temple was destroyed the Musaf Service found its place after the Shaḥarit (see footnote 17) Service in the prayers on these Sabbaths and festivals. The Musaf Service now comes immediately after the Torah Service, where the Torah and Haftarah (see footnote 170) are read, which follows the Morning Prayers on Sabbaths, festivals, and New Moons. Musaf can be recited anytime during the day, but one who recites it after the seventh hour (1:00 P.M. according to our time system except on Yom Kippur, see footnote 167) is considered a transgressor. The Musaf Service begins with the reader's recitation of the half- Kaddish , or praise of God (see footnote 177), which is followed by the Musaf Amidah (see footnote 43). This Amidah normally consists of seven benedictions, the first and last three being the same as is always said, and the middle benediction known as Kedushat ha-Yom , "Sanctity of the Day". In the case of the Musaf Service the middle benediction has an introductory paragraph followed by a prayer for the restoration of the Temple Service, and it concludes with the section from the Torah which deals with the particular Additional Sacrifice made on that Sabbath or festival. On Rosh HaShanah the Musaf Amidah takes on a unique configuration. It has three central benedictions, thus making a total of nine benedictions in the Amidah . The three benedictions cover the theme of the holy day, malkhuyyot (kingships), zikhronot (remembrances), and shofarot (Ram's Horns, see footnote 221). The Musaf Amidah after being recited silently is repeated outloud by the reader (see footnote 42). On the Sabbath, the Musaf Amidah is made up of twenty-two verses following the Hebrew alphabet backwards, and a description of the Musaf Sacrifice found in Numbers 28:9-10. The Musaf Amidah takes on a slightly different form for each festival. On the Day of Atonement, the Amidah opens with the usual three benedictions. This is followed by the description of the Additional Sacrifices made on Yom Kippur found in Numbers 29:7-8. After this a prayer for the forgiveness of sins is found. The Confession, the Al Ḥet and Ashamnu Prayers (see footnote 45), form the most important part of the Amidah as they do in the other Amidot of Yam Kippur. Various piyyutim (see footnote 149) are added in the reader's repetition of the Musaf Amidah on Rosh HaShanah and Yom Kippur. Aaron Rothkoff, E . J ., v. 12, pp. 532-34. before the seventh hour (1:00 P.M.).

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