Talmud Builders
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    Chapter 1 · Arba’ah Rashei Shanim

    The world is judged at four times

    Lesson 2 of 14 22 min

    After the calendar - judgment. The Mishnah divides the year into four domains of judgment.

    Lesson goals
    • 01Restate the source in your own words.
    • 02Identify the central distinction and explain its significance.
    • 03Apply the distinction in the exercise without adding a ruling absent from the source.
    01

    Source and decoding - Rosh Hashanah 16a

    Rosh Hashanah 16a
    מַתְנִי׳ בְּאַרְבָּעָה פְּרָקִים הָעוֹלָם נִידּוֹן: בַּפֶּסַח — עַל הַתְּבוּאָה, בַּעֲצֶרֶת — עַל פֵּירוֹת הָאִילָן, בְּרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה — כׇּל בָּאֵי עוֹלָם עוֹבְרִין לְפָנָיו כִּבְנֵי מָרוֹן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר:

    On Pesach the world is judged for grain, on Shavuot for tree fruit, on Rosh Hashanah all creatures pass before Him like bnei maron, and on Sukkot for water.

    On Pesach the world is judged for grain, on Shavuot for tree fruit, on Rosh Hashanah all creatures pass before Him like bnei maron, and on Sukkot for water. "Like bnei maron" - one by one, like sheep passing through a narrow gate; each person is examined individually.

    02

    Building the reasoning

    1. 1Restate the source in your own words.
    2. 2Identify the central distinction and explain its significance.
    3. 3Apply the distinction in the exercise without adding a ruling absent from the source.
    03

    Terms to decode

    כבני מרון
    like bnei maron
    עצרת
    Shavuot
    נידון
    judged
    04

    Before moving on

    Insight

    This lesson is a study framework, not a halachic ruling. Check everything in the sources, and bring practical questions to a rabbi.

    Practice

    Match each festival to its judgment and explain why Rosh Hashanah differs.

    Lesson wrap-up

    Three festivals judge nature; Rosh Hashanah judges the person.

    Check your understanding

    Test yourself before marking the lesson complete.

    Question 1 of 3

    What is judged on Pesach?