Jerusalem Talmud Kilayim Chapter 7

הַמַּבְרִיךְ אֶת הַגֶּפֶן בָּאָרֶץ אִם אֵין עָפָר עַל גַּבָּהּ שְׁלֹֹֹֹֹֹֹשָׁה טְפָחִים לֹא יָבִיא זֶרַע עָלֶיהָ אֲפִילוּ הִבְרִיכָהּ בִּדְלַעַת אוֹ בְסִילוֹן. הִבְרִיכָהּ בְּסֶלַע אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין עָפָר עַל גַּבָּהּ אֶלָּא שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת מוּתָּר לְהָבִיא זֶרַע עָלֶיהָ. הָאַרְכּוּבָה שֶׁבְּגֶפֶן אֵין מוֹדְדִין אֶלָּא מֵעִיקָּר הַשֵּׁנִי. לֹא יָבִיא זֶרַע עָלֶיהָ הָא מִן הַצַּד מוּתָּר. מַה נָן קַיָימִין אִי מִשֵּׁם זְרָעִים בְּאִילָן לָמָּה לִי גֶפֶן אֲפִילוּ שְׁאָר כָּל הָאִילָן. אִי מִשּׁוּם עֲבוֹדָה נִיתְנִי שִׁשָּׁה. אֶלָּא כְרִבִּי עֲקִיבָה דְּרִבִּי עֲקִיבָה אָמַר שְלֹשָׁה. אִין כְרִבִּי עֲקִיבָה אֲפִילוּ מִן הַצַּד נִיתְנִי שְׁלֹשָׁה. רִבִי יִרְמְיָה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי חִיָיא בַּר אַבָּא מִשֻּׁם זְרָעִים עַל גַּבֵּי הַגֶּפֶן. תַּמָּן תַּנִּינָן מַרְחִיקִין אֶת הַזְּרָעִים וְאֶת הַמַּחֲרֵישָׁה וְאֶת מֵי רַגְלַיִם מִן הַכּוֹתֶל שְׁלֹֹשָׁה טְפָחִים. רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה אָמַר רִבִּי חָמָא בַּר עוּקְבָּא מַקְשֵׁי תַּמָּן אַתְּ אָמַר אֵין הַשָּׁרָשִׁין מְהַלְּכִין מִן הַצַּד. וְהָכָא אַתְּ אָמַר הַשָּׁרָשִׁין מְהַלְּכִין מִן הַצַּד. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי כָאן וְכָאן אֵין הַשָּׁרָשִׁין מְהַלְּכִין מִן הַצַּד. אֶלָּא שֶׁהֵן עוֹשִׂין עָפָר תִּחוּחַ וְהֵן מַלְקִין אַרְעִיתוֹ שֶׁל כּוֹתֶל. תֵּדַע לָךְ שֶׁהוּא כֵן דְּתַנִּינָן תַּמָּן מֵי רַגְלַיִם. וּמֵי רַגְלַיִם מְהַלְּכִין מִן הַצַּד. הָתִיב רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּירִבִּי בּוּן וְהָתַנִּינָן מַחֲרֵישָׁה. אִית לָךְ מֵימַר מַחֲרֵישָׁה מְהַלֶּכֶת מִן הַצַּד. אֲפִילוּ הִבְרִיכָהּ בִּדְלַעַת אוֹ בְסִילוֹן. הָדָא דְתֵימָר בְּסִילוֹן שֶׁל חֶרֶס אֲבָל בְּסִילוֹן שֶׁל אֵבֶר אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא שָׁם שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים עָפָר מִלְּמַעֲלָן. הִבְרִיכָהּ בְּסֶלַע הָדָא דְתֵימָר בְּהָדֵין צַלְמָא בְּרַם בְּהָדֵין רְכִיכָה מִתְפַּתְפֵּת הוּא. וְהַאי כְּשֶׁאֵין הָרִאשׁוֹן נִרְאֵית אֵבָל אִם הָיָה הָרִאשׁוֹן נִרְאֶה נוֹתֵן שִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים לְכָאן וְשִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים לְכָאן. תֵּדַע לָךְ שֶׁהוּא כֵן דְּתַנִּינָן דְּבַתְרָהּ הַמַּבְרִיךְ שְׁלֹשָׁה גְפָנִים וְעִיקְּרֵיהֶן נִרְאִין וְתַנֵּי עֲלָהּ בְּמַה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים לְעִנְיַין הַכֶּרֶם אֲבָל לְעִנְיַין עֲבוֹדָה נוֹתֵן שִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים לְכָאן וְשִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים לְכָאן.

MISHNAH: If one sinks a vine into the ground he should not bring seeds over it unless there are three hand-breadths of earth above it, even if he sank it in a gourd or in a pipe. If he sank it in a rock it is permitted to bring seeds there even if it is covered only by three fingers’ depth of earth. For a knee-shaped vine one measures only from the second stem. HALAKHAH: “He should not bring seeds over it,” therefore it is permitted on the side 19b , this is stated as a baraita . . What are we dealing with? If it is because of seeds in a tree, why are we dealing with a vine and not any tree? If it is because of working space, they should mention six. It might follow Rebbi Aqiba since Rebbi Aqiba says three. If it were following Rebbi Aqiba, it should mention three on the side. Rebbi Jeremiah in the name of Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Abba: It is because of seeds on top of a vine. There 2:1 . The adobe wall is either common property of the landlord and his neighbor or totally the neighbor’s; the landlord is required to take all necessary precautions to avoid damage to his fellow man’s property. , we have stated: “One keeps seeds, the plough, and urine three hand-breadths away from a wall.” Rebbi Jeremiah said that Rebbi Ḥama bar Uqba raised a question: There and “here” refers to Baba Batra . It is possible that this paragraph is copied here from a Tiberian version of Baba Batra that has not come down to us. In the transmitted Caesarean version of Baba Batra (2:1 , fol. 13b), the statement of R. Yose refers to the prohibition of storing salt or quick lime near somebody else’s wall. R. Simson reads “here” for “there” but it is not clear whether this is a genuine reading or an adaptation for the purposes of his commentary. The argument is that crop plants are allowed to be grown near a buried vine; their roots are not supposed to expand over the buried shoot, but since they are not allowed to be grown near a wall, one expects their roots to expand sideways and damage the wall. , you say that the roots do not expand sideways and here you say, the roots do expand sideways! Rebbi Yose said, in both cases the roots do not expand sideways but they create soft earth and undermine the base of the wall 19b , the printed editions quote the statement of R. Yose as “R. Ḥaga in the name of R. Yose.” This version is impossible since R. Ḥaga (Ḥaggai) was older than R. Yose and a greater authority in his lifetime. One has to prefer the reading of all mss. ( Diqduqe Soferim Baba Bathra p. מה) “R. Ḥana”. In that case, “R. Yose” would probably be R. Yasa (Assi). . You can see that because we also stated “urine”. Does urine expand sideways? Rebbi Yose the son of Rebbi Abun explained, did we not also state “the plough”? Does the plough expand sideways? “Even if he sank it in a gourd or in a pipe.” That means, in a clay pipe; but in a lead pipe it does not need three hand-breadths of earth on top. “If he sank it in a rock.” That means, in hard [earth], but in soft [earth] it cleaves it. That is only if the first stem is not visible, but if the first stem is visible one allows six hand-breadths from either stem. You can see that because we also stated afterwards: “If one sinks three vines and their stems are visible,” and we have stated on this: When has this been said? For a vineyard. But concerning the working space one allows six hand-breadths for either one.

הַמַּבְרִיךְ שְׁלֹשָׁה גְפָנִים וְעִיקְּרֵיהֶן נִרְאִין. רִבִּי לָעְזָר בֵּירִבִּי צָדוֹק אוֹמֵר אִם יֵשׁ שָׁם בֵּינֵיהֶן מֵאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת וְעַד שְמוֹנֶה הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מִצְטָרְפוֹת וְאִם לָאו אֵינָן מִצְטָרְפוֹת. גֶּפֶן שֶׁיָּבְשָׁה אֲסוּרָה וְאֵינָהּ מְקַדֶּשֶׁת. רִבִי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר אַף גֶּפֶן צֶמֶר אָסוּר וְאֵינוֹ מְקַדֵּשׁ. רִבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בַּר רִבִּי צָדוֹק אוֹמֵר מִשְּׁמוֹ אַף עַל גַּבֵּי הַגֶּפֶן אָסוּר וְאֵינוֹ מְקַדֵּשׁ. אֵלּוּ אֲסוּרִין וְלֹא מְקַדְּשִׁין מוֹתָר חָרְבַּן הַכֶּרֶם מוֹתָר מָחוֹל הַכֶּרֶם מוֹתָר פִּיסְקֵי עָרִיס מוֹתָר אַפִּיפִּירוֹת. אֲבָל תַּחַת הַגֶּפֶן וַעֲבוֹדַת הַגֶּפֶן וְאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת שֶׁבְּכֶרֶם הֲרֵי אֵילּוּ מְקַדְּשִׁין. אָמַר רִבִּי לָעְזָר הֲלָכָה דְּרִבִּי מֵאִיר הִיא. נִיחָא בְסִיתְוָוא אֲבָל בְקַיְיטָא. אִית אֲתָרִין דְּמַתְּרָן טַרְפֵיהֹן אֲפִילוּ בְקַיְיטָא. רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בְשֵׁם רִבִּי זְעִירָא עַל גַּבֵּי זְמוֹרָה הִיא מַתְנִיתָא. רִבִּי בּוּן בַּר חִיָיא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר רַב יִצְחָק לַאֲוֵיר עֲשָׂרָה הִיא מַתְנִיתָה. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי הֲוֵינָן סָבְרִין כֶּרֶם יֵשׁ לוֹ אֲוֵיר גֶּפֶן יְחִידִית אֵין לָהּ אֲוֵיר. מִן מַה דְּאָמַר רִבִּי בּוּן בַּר חִיָיא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר רַב יִצְחָק לַאֲוֵיר עֲשָׂרָה הִיא מַתְנִיתָא. הָדָא אָמְרָה אֲפִילוּ גֶּפֶן יְחִידִית יֵשׁ לָהּ אֲוֵיר. מוֹתָר מָחוֹל הַכֶּרֶם אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת מוֹתָר חָרְבַּן הַכֶּרֶם אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת מוֹתָר פִּיסְקֵי עָרִיס שִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים מוֹתָר הַפִּיפִּיָירוֹת שִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים. בֵּנְתַּיִים מַהוּ. רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר אָסוּר וּמְקַדֵּשׁ. רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ אָמַר אָסוּר וְאֵינוֹ מְקַדֵּשׁ. מַה נַפְשֵׁךְ כֶּרֶם גָּדוֹל הוּא לָמָּה לִי חָרְבָּנוֹ אֲפִילוּ מַטָּעָתוֹ. כֶּרֶם קָטָן הוּא אֵין לוֹ מָחוֹל. אֶלָּא כִּי נָן קַיָימִין בְּכֶרֶם גָּדוֹל שֶׁנְּטָעוֹ עַל מַטַּע כֶּרֶם קָטָן. אֶמַר רִבִִּי זְעִירָא הָדָא אָמְרָה כֶּרֶם גָּדוֹל שֶׁנְּטָעוֹ שְׁמוֹנֶה עַל שְׁמוֹנֶה אֵין לוֹ מָחוֹל. אִין תֵּימַר מַטַּע שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה עַל שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה תּוֹכוֹ אָסוּר וּמְקַדֵּשׁ חוּצָה לוֹ לֹא כָּל שֶׁכֵּן. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי אֵין לוֹקִין אֶלָּא עַל עִיקַּר הַכֶּרֶם.

MISHNAH: If one sinks three vines and their stems are visible, Rebbi Eleazar bar Rebbi Zadoq says if there are between them from four to eight cubits, they go together; otherwise, they do not go together. A dried-up vine is forbidden but does not sanctify. Rebbi Meïr says, cotton also is forbidden but does not sanctify. Rebbi Eleazar bar Rebbi Zadoq says in his name, even on top of the vine it is forbidden but does not sanctify. The following are forbidden but do not sanctify: The excess of a dried-up vineyard, the excess of the circumference of a vineyard, the excess of an interrupted trellis, and the excess of a papyrus. But under a vine, the working space of a vine, and the four cubits of a vineyard do sanctify. HALAKHAH: Rebbi Eleazar said, the Mishnah is Rebbi Meïr’s. One understands in winter, but in summer? There are places where they lose their leaves even in summer. Rebbi Samuel in the name of Rebbi Zeïra: The Mishnah speaks of the space above the shoot. Rebbi Abun bar Ḥiyya in the name of Rebbi Samuel bar Rav Isaac: The Mishnah speaks about the air space of ten. Rebbi Yose said, we were of the opinion that a vineyard has air space; a single vine has no air space. Since Rebbi Abun bar Ḥiyya said in the name of Rebbi Samuel bar Rav Isaac: The Mishnah speaks about the air space of ten, that means that even a single vine has air space. The excess of the circumference of a vineyard is four cubits, the excess of a dried-up vineyard is four cubits, the excess of an interrupted trellis is six hand-breadths, and the excess of papyrus is six hand-breadths. What is the status of the intermediate spaces? Rebbi Joḥanan said, they are forbidden and sanctify. Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish said, they are forbidden and do not sanctify. What can you say? If it is a large vineyard, what about its dry spot, even where it is planted! If it is a small vineyard, it has no circumference. But we must deal with a large vineyard planted in the manner of a small one. Rebbi Zeïra said, this implies that a large vineyard planted eight by eight has no circumference. If you say that the inside is forbidden and sanctifies if it is planted 16 by 16, the outside not so much more? Rebbi Yose said, one whips only for the main vineyard.

הַמְסַכֵֵּךְ אֶת גַּפְנוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי תְבוּאָתוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵירוֹ הֲרֵי זֶה קִידֵּשׁ וְחַיָיב בְּאַחֵרָיוּתוֹ. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי וְרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמְרִים אֵין אָדָם מַקְדִּשׁ דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי מַעֲשֶׂה בְּאֶחָד שֶׁזָּרַע אֶת כַּרְמוֹ בַשְּׁבִיעִית וּבָא מַעֲשֶׂה לִפְנֵי רִבִּי עֲקִיבָה וְאָמַר אֵין אָדָם מַקְדִּישׁ דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ. כְּתִיב לֹא תִזְרַע כַּרְמְךָ כִּלְאַיִם אֵין לִי אֶלָּא כַּרְמְךָ כֶּרֶם אַחֵר מְנַיִין תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר כִּלְאַיִם לֹא כֶרֶם וְלֹא כִלְאַיִם. אָמַר רִבִּי לָעְזָר דְּרִבִּי מֵאִיר הִיא. דְּרִבִּי מֵאִיר אָמַר אֵין לְגוֹי קִינְיָין בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל לְפוֹטְרוֹ מִן הַמַּעְשְׂרוֹת. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל הִיא תִּיפְתָּר בְּגוֹי שֶׁזָּרַע כַּרְמוֹ כִלְאַיִם וּלְקָחוֹ מִמֶּנּוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל. רִבִּי יוֹנָה וְרִבִּי יוֹסָה תְּרֵיהוֹן אָמְרִין דְּרִבִּי מֵאִיר הִיא. הַנֶּעֲבָד אִית תַּנָּיֵי תַנֵּי בֵּין שֶׁלּוֹ בֵּין שֶׁל אֲחֵרִים אָסוּר. אִית תַּנָּיֵי תַנֵּי שֶׁלּוֹ אָסוּר שֶׁל אֲחֵרִים מוּתָּר. הֲווֹן בָּעֵיי מֵימַר מָאן דְּאָמַר בֵּין שֶׁלּוֹ בֵּין שֶׁל אֲחֵרִים אָסוּר רִבִּי מֵאִיר וְרִבִּי יוּדָה. מָאן דְּאָמַר שֶׁלּוֹ אָסוּר וְשֶׁל אֲחֵרִים מוּתָּר רִבִּי יוֹסֵה וְרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן. רִבִּי יוֹסָה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי לָא דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל הִיא. כַּמָּה דְתֵימַר תַּמָּן דָּבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ רוּחַ חַיִים אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ נֶאֱסָר לְהִדִּיוֹט נֶאֱסָר לְגָבוֹהַּ וְדִכְוָותָהּ דְּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁלָּךְ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ נֶאֱסָר לְהִדִּיוֹט נֶאֱסָר לְגָבוֹהַּ. רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ אָמַר קְנָסֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי מֵאִיר וַעֲֲבַד עוּבְדָּא דִכְוָותֵיהּ מִן הָדָא. הַמְסַכֵּךְ אֶת גַּפְנוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי תְבוּאָתוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵירוֹ. וְכִי מַה עָשָׂה מַעֲשֶׂה. אֶלָּא כְּשֶׁהוֹסִיף לְפִי דַּעְתּוֹ הוּא מוֹסִיף. חַד בַּר נַשׁ חֲוֵי סַלְעֵיהּ לְרִבִּי לָעְזָר אֲמַר לֵיהּ טָבָא הִיא וִיפָּסְלָת. אֲתָא עוּבְדָּא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ וּקְנָסֵיהּ מִן הָדָא. הַמַּרְאֶה דִינָר לְשׁוּלְחָנִי וְנִמְצָא רַע חַיָיב לְשַׁלֵּם מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא נוֹשֵׂא שָׂכָר. וְרִבִּי לָעְזָר נוֹשֵׂא שָׂכָר. רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אָחָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי אֲבוּנָא הַמַּחֲזִיק בּוֹ כְּנוֹשֵׂא שָׂכָר. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּירִבִּי בּוּן לֹא אָמַר כֵּן אֶלָּא רִבִּי לָעְזָר אָמַר קְנָסֵיהּ דְרַבָּנִין. רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ אָמַר קְנָסָה דְרִבִּי מֵאִיר. כָּךְ אָתָא עוּבְדָּא שָׁאַל רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ לְרִבִּי לָעְזָר הַהֵן קְנָסָא דְמָאן. אֲמַר לֵיהּ דְּרַבָּנִין. אֲמַר לֵיהּ פּוּק שְׁלִם. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן הַכֹּל מוֹדִין בָּעֲנָבִים שֶׁהֵן אֲסוּרוֹת. אָמַר לֵיהּ רִבִּי לָעְזָר הָאוֹסֵר אֵינוֹ נֶאֱסָר וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר נֶאֱסָר. מַה פְלִיגִין בִּמְסַכֵּךְ אֶת גַּפְנוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי תְבוּאָתוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵירוֹ. אֲבָל הַמְּסַכֵּךְ אֶת גַּפְנוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵירוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי תְבוּאָתוֹ כָּל עַמָּא מוֹדֵיי שֶׁהָאוֹסֵר נֶאֱסָר. הַמְּסַכֵּךְ גַּפְנוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵירוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי תְבוּאָתוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵירוֹ. נִישְׁמְעִינָהּ מִן הָדָא. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי מַעֲשֶׂה בְּאֶחָד שֶׁזָּרַע אֶת כַּרְמוֹ בַשְּׁבִיעִית וּבָא מַעֲשֶׂה לִפְנֵי רִבִּי עֲקִיבָה וְאָמַר אֵין אָדָם מַקְדִּישׁ דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ. הֲרֵי אֵין הַגֶּפֶן שֶׁלּוֹ וְאֵין הַתְּבוּאָה שֶׁלּוֹ וְאִיתְתָבַת.

MISHNAH: If somebody draws his vine over somebody else’s grain it sanctifies and he is responsible for its alienation 15b . . Rebbi Yose and Rebbi Simeon say, nobody can sanctify anything that is not his. Rebbi Yose said, it happened that someone sowed in his vineyard in the Sabbatical year. When this came before Rebbi Aqiba, he said nobody can sanctify anything that is not his. HALAKHAH: It is written ( Deut . 22:9 ): “Do not sow kilaim in your vineyard.” This refers to your own vineyard. From where about another person’s vineyard? The verse says, kilaim , no vineyard and no kilaim .. 230 on the verse: “Do not sow kilaim in your vineyard, lest the fulness of the seed you are sowing be sanctified together with the yield of the vineyard.” The Sifry reads: “I understand not only a fruit-bearing vineyard, from where a vineyard that is not fruit-bearing? The verse says ‘the vineyard’, any vineyard. I understand not only your own vineyard, from where other persons’ vineyard? The verse says ‘do not sow kilaim ’, in any way.” R. S. Adani argues that in contrast to Lev . 19:19 , where the direct object precedes the predicate, in Deut . 22:9 the predicate precedes the direct object and this is always taken as indicating that the prohibition stated at the beginning of the verse covers all situations the verse refers to. Hence, the operative word is not כרמך “your vineyard” but the last word of the sentence, הכרם “any vineyard.” Rebbi Eleazar said, this is Rebbi Meïr’s, for Rebbi Meïr said that a Gentile cannot acquire real estate in the Land of Israel to free it from tithes. Rebbi Joḥanan said, it is the opinion of everybody, explain it by a Gentile who sowed his vineyard kilaim and a Jew bought it from him. Rebbi Jonah and Rebbi Yose, both of them say that it is Rebbi Meïr’s. [An animal] which was worshipped: Some Tannaïm state that it is forbidden 6:1 ). The Mishnah states that such an animal is forbidden as a sacrifice but its meat may be eaten by private persons since usufruct of living things cannot become forbidden. whether it is his own or somebody else’s; some Tannaïm state that his own is forbidden, somebody else’s is permitted. They wanted to say, the opinion that it is forbidden whether it is his own or somebody else’s is Rebbi Meïr’s and Rebbi Jehudah’s; the opinion that his own is forbidden, somebody else’s is permitted, is Rebbi Yose’s and Rebbi Simeon’s. Rebbi Yose in the name of Rebbi La: It is everybody’s opinion. Just as you say there that a living thing is forbidden for Heaven even though it is permitted for the private person, so anything that is not yours may be forbidden for Heaven even though it is permitted for the private person 6:1 that an animal used for idolatrous purposes (or for sodomy) is forbidden as sacrifice under all circumstances. The argument about sacrifices is irrelevant for the rules of kilaim . . Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish said, this is a fine imposed by Rebbi Meïr. Did he act on that, “if somebody draws his vine over somebody else’s grain …”? But what did that person do? When it grows, it grows according to his intention 100b ) extends the liability to the case when a stone fence between a vineyard and a grain field developed a hole and the owner after being apprised of the problem did nothing to repair it. . One person showed his tetradrachma to Rebbi Eleazar who told him that it was good 100a , R. Simeon ben Laqish showed the coin to R. Eleazar and told him that he would hold him responsible if he gave the wrong appraisal. . It turned out to be worthless. This case came before Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish who fined him according to the following: If somebody shows a denar to the money-changer and it turns out to be bad, [the money-changer] has to pay because he takes a fee 59b ). There, a distinction is made between a professional money-changer and an amateur, no mention of a difference between giving an opinion for a fee or for free. Some authors (Meïri and R. Asher ben Yeḥiel ad loc .) want to read the ruling of the Yerushalmi into the text of the Babli but their arguments are thoroughly refuted by R. Salomo ben Adrat, ad loc . . Does Rebbi Eleazar take a fee? Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa in the name of Rebbi Abuna: One who takes it into his hand has the status of one who takes a fee 5:4 , fol. 47a). The argument is not accepted. . Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun does not say so, but Rebbi Eleazar says that this fine is imposed by the rabbis; Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish says the fine is imposed by Rebbi Meïr. When the case came before Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish, he asked Rebbi Eleazar, who imposed this fine? He [Rebbi Eleazar] said, the rabbis. He [Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish] answered him, go and pay 99b ), R. Ḥiyya paid up not because he had to, but because, in his opinion, a rabbinic authority is held to higher moral standards. . Rebbi Joḥanan said, everybody agrees that the grapes will be forbidden. Rebbi Eleazar said to him, what makes forbidden is not forbidden and what is not forbidden will be forbidden? They disagree if somebody draws his vine over somebody else’s grain. But if somebody draws a neighbor’s vine over his own grain, everybody agrees that what makes forbidden is forbidden. If somebody draws a neighbor’s vine over his neighbor’s grain we can understand from the following: “Rebbi Yose said, it happened that someone sowed in his vineyard in the Sabbatical year. When this came before Rebbi Aqiba, he said nobody can sanctify anything that is not his.” This was given as answer!

הָאַנָּס שֶׁזָרַע אֶת הַכֶּרֶם וְיָצָא מִלְּפָנָיו קוֹצְרִין אֲפִילוּ בְּמוֹעֵד. עַד כַּמָּה הוּא נוֹתֵן לַפּוֹעֲלִין עַד שְׁלִישׁ. יוֹתֵר מִיכֵּן קוֹצֵר וְהוֹלֵךְ אֲפִילוּ לְאַחַר הַמּוֹעֵד. מֵאֵימָתַי נִקְרָא אַנָּס מִשֶּׁיִּשְׁקַע. רִבִּי בָּא בַּר יַעֲקֹב בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן כֵּינִי מַתְנִיתָא מוּתָּר לְקוֹצְרוֹ אֲפִילוּ בְּמוֹעֵד. עַד כַּמָּה הוּא נוֹתֵן [לַפּוֹעֲלִין] עַד שְׁלִישׁ. רַב חוּנָא וְרַב שֵׁשֶׁת חַד אָמַר שְׁלִיש לְשָׂכָר וְחָרָנָה אָמַר שְׁלִישׁ לְדָמִים. מֵאֵימָתַי נִקְרָא אַנָּס מִשֶּׁיִּשְׁקַע. אָמַר רִבִּי אָחָא נִשְׁתַּקְעוּ הַבְּעָלִים וְלֹא נִתְיָיאֲשׁוּ הַבְּעָלִים אִיסּוּרוֹ דְּבַר תּוֹרָה. נִתְיָיאֲשׁוּ הַבְּעָלִים וְלֹא נִשְׁתַּקְעוּ הַבְּעָלִים אִיסּוּרָן מִדִּבְרֵיהֶן. וְיֵשׁ קַרְקַע נִגְזָל. אָמַר רִבִּי לָא אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין קַרְקַע נִגְזָל יֵשׁ יֵיאוּשׁ לְקַרְקַע.

MISHNAH: The rapist who sowed in a vineyard and it was taken from him, one cuts it even during a holiday. How much does he have to give to the workers? Up to one third. More than that he cuts normally, even after the holiday. When is the property called the rapist’s? From the moment it is sunk. HALAKHAH: Rebbi Abba bar Jacob in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: So is the Mishnah: One may harvest it even on a holiday 30b ). . “How much does he have to give to the workers? Up to one third.” Rav Ḥuna and Rav Sheshet: One of them says, a third of the wages, the other says, a third of the value. “When is the property called the rapist’s? From the moment it is sunk.” Rebbi Aḥa said: If the owners were forgotten but did not give up hope, the prohibition of the field is biblical. If the owners did give up hope but they were not forgotten, the prohibition of the field is rabbinic. But can real estate be robbed? Rebbi La said, even though real estate cannot be robbed, one can give up hope on real estate.

הָרוּחַ שֶׁעִילְעֲלָה אֶת הַגְּפָנִים עַל גַּבֵּי תְבוּאָה יִגְדּוֹר מִיַּד וְאִם אֵירְעוֹ אוֹנֵס מוּתָּר. תְּבוּאָה שֶׁהִיא נוֹטָה תַּחַת הַגֶּפֶן וְכֵן בְּיֶרֶק מַחֲזִיר וְאֵינוֹ מְקַדֵּשׁ. מֵאֵימָתַי תְבוּאָה מִתְקַדֶּשֶׁת מִשֶּׁתַּשְׁלִישׁ. וַעֲנָבִים מִשֶּׁיֵּעָשׂוּ כְּפוּל הַלָּבָן. תְּבוּאָה שֶׁיָּבְשָׁה כָל צָרְכָהּ וַעֲנָבִים שֶׁבִּישְּׁלוּ כָל צָרְכָן אֵינָן מִתְקַדְּשׁוֹת. וּכְבֶן עַזַּאי יִסְפֹּר. אַשְׁכָּח תַּנֵּי רִבִּי עֲקִיבָה אָמַר יַחֲזִיר. בֶּן עַזַּאי אָמַר יִסְפּוֹר. אֵימָּתַי מִתְקַדֶּשֶׁת מִשֶּׁתַּשְׁלִישׁ. אִית תַּנָּיֵי תַּנֵּי מִשֶּׁתַּשְׁרִישׁ. מָאן דְּאָמַר מִשֶּׁתַּשְׁלִישׁ מְסַיְיעָא לְרִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. מָאן דְּאָמַר מִשֶּׁתַּשְׁרִישׁ מְסַיְיעָא לְרִבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָא. וַעֲנָבִים מִשֶּׁיֵּעָשׂוּ כְּפוּל הַלָּבָן. אָמַר רִבִּי חֲנַנְיָה בְּרֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי הִלֵּל דִּכְתִיב וּתְבוּאַת הַכָּרֶם. כֵּינִי מַתְנִיתָא אֵינָן מִתְקַדְּשׁוֹת.

MISHNAH: If a storm broke vines over grain, one should fix it immediately, but in an emergency it is permitted. Grain leaning under vines, and also vegetables, one turns back and it does not sanctify. When does grain start to sanctify? When it is a third grown, and grapes once they have grown to the size of white beans. Completely dry grain and grapes completely ripe do not become sanctified. HALAKHAH: Following Ben Azai, one should shave them off. One found it stated: Rebbi Aqiba said, one should return them, Ben Azai said, one should shave them off. “When does grain start to sanctify? When it is a third grown.” Some Tannaïm state: When it grew roots. He who says when it is a third grown supports Rebbi Joḥanan. He who says when it grew roots supports Rebbi Hoshaia Chapter 2, Note 132 . In the opinion of the Babli, one may never legally give up hope on real estate, cf. Tosaphot Sukkah 30b . In Babylonia one never witnessed the prolonged abrogation of property rights by Jewish owners as in Palestine after the war of Bar Kokhba. . “And grapes once they have grown to the size of white beans.” Rebbi Ḥananiah the son of Rebbi Hillel said, because it is written ( Deut . 22:9 ): “And the produce of the vineyard.” So is the Mishnah: “They do not become sanctified”.

עָצִיץ נָקוּב מְקַדֵּשׁ בַּכֶּרֶם וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ נָקוּב אֵינוֹ מְקַדֵּשׁ. רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר זֶה וְזֶה אֲסוּרִין וְאֵינָן מְקַדְּשִין. הַמַּעֲבִיר עָצִיץ נָקוּב בַּכֶּרֶם אִם הוֹסִיף בְּמָאתַיִם אָסוּר. תַּנֵּי אֵין בֵּין עָצִיץ נָקוּב לְעָצִיץ שֶׁאֵינוֹ נָקוּב אֶלָּא הֶכְשֵׁר זְרָעִים בִּלְבַד. כְּרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בְּרַם כְּרַבָּנִין אִית חוֹרָנִין. עָצִיץ נָקוּב מְקַדֵּשׁ בַּכֶּרֶם וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ נָקוּב אֵינוֹ מְקַדֵּשׁ. הַתּוֹלֵשׁ מֵעָצִיץ נָקוּב חַיָיב מִשֶּׁאֵינוֹ נָקוּב פָּטוּר. עָצִיץ נָקוּב אֵינוֹ מַכְשִׁיר אֶת הַזְּרָעִים וּשֶׁאֵינוֹ נָקוּב מַכְשִׁיר אֶת הַזְּרָעִים. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי אָמַר לָהּ סְתָם. רִבִי חֲנִינָא מָטֵי בָהּ בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר רַב יִצְחָק הַתּוֹרָה רִיבָת מִטָּהֳרַת זְרָעִים. מָה טַעַם. וְכִי יִפּוֹל מִנִּבְלָתָם עַל כָּל זֶרַע זֵרוּעַ אֲשֶׁר יִזָּרֵעַ טָהוֹר הוּא. תַּנֵּי עָצִיץ שֶׁאֵינוֹ נָקוּב מַעְשְׂרוֹתָיו [כַּ]הֲלָכָה וּתְרוּמָתוֹ אֵינָהּ מְדַמָּעַת וְאֵין חַיָיבִין עָלֶיהָ חוֹמֶשׁ. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בָּעֵי מַהוּ לוֹמַר עַל פִּיתּוֹ הַמּוֹצִיא לֶחֶם מִן הָאָרֶץ. רִבִּי יוֹנָה בָּעֵי כֵּן דְּלַעַת כְּתָלוּשׁ הוּא לְסַכֵּךְ בָּהּ. רִבִּי יוּדָה בַּר פָּזִי בָּעֵי נָטַע חָמֵשׁ גְּפָנִים בַּחֲמִשָׁה עֲצִיצִין שֶׁאֵינָן נְקוּבִין וַעֲשָׂאָן שְׁתַּיִם כְּנֶגֶד שְׁתַּיִם וְאַחַת יוֹצֵא זָנָב אַתְּ אָמַר כֶּרֶם הוּא. הֹפְכוֹ וְיֵשׁ כֶּרֶם מִיטַּלְטֵל. שְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר בְּמַעֲבִיר תַּחַת כָּל גֶּפֶן וַגֶּפֶן. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן לַאֲוֵיר עֲשָׂרָה הִיא מַתְנִיתָא. הֶעֱבִיר חֲמִשָּׁה עֲצִיצִין שֶׁאֵינָן נְקוּבִין תַּחַת גֶּפֶן אַחַת תַּפְלוּגְתָּא דְּרִבִּי לָעְזָר וְרִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. הָאוֹסֵר אֵינוֹ נֶאֱסָר וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר נֶאֱסָר. אֲבָל אִם הֶעֱבִיר עָצִיץ אֶחָד תַּחַת חָמֵשׁ גְּפָנִים כָּל עָמָּא מוֹדֵיי שֶׁהָאוֹסֵר נֶאֱסָר.

MISHNAH: A flower pot with a hole sanctifies in a vineyard 5:10. , but one without a hole does not sanctify. Rebbi Simeon says, both are forbidden but neither one sanctifies. If a flower pot with a hole is temporarily put in a vineyard, if it grew by one twohundreth it is forbidden. HALAKHAH: It was stated: “The only difference between a flower pot without a hole and one with a hole regards preparation for impurity.” That is for Rebbi Simeon 95a/b , this is a statement explicitly attributed to R. Simeon. , but for the rabbis there are others: A flower pot with a hole sanctifies in a vineyard, one without a hole does not. He who plucks from a flower pot with a hole is guilty, from one without a hole he is free from punishment 10:7. Harvesting on the Sabbath is a criminal offense but one cannot harvest plants that do not grow on the earth. Plucking a plant from a pot without a hole is forbidden but cannot be cause for criminal prosecution. The Mishnah states that R. Simeon excludes prosecution in both cases. . A flower pot with a hole cannot prepare plants, one without a hole prepares Chapter 2, Note 141 . A plant in a pot with hole is a plant in the earth and nothing can make it prepared for impurity at this stage. A plant in a pot without hole is already harvested since it can be plucked on the Sabbath without fear of prosecution; if it is watered, it becomes subject to possible impurity. . Rebbi Yose referred to it as anonymous statement, Rebbi Ḥanina quoted it in the name of Rebbi Samuel bar Rav Isaac: The Torah extended the purity of growing plants ( Lev . 11:37 ): “If any of their cadavers falls on any sown seed apt to be sown, it is pure.” It was stated: “The tithes from a flower pot without hole are of practice (cf. Demay Chap. 4, Note 27) and if it is eaten in error by a non-Cohen, only 100%, not 125%, has to be returned ( Lev . 22:14 ). , its heave does not create dema‘ and one does not owe a fifth for it.” Rebbi Yose asked: May one say “He Who created bread from the earth” for it? Rebbi Jonah asked: Is a gourd considered plucked that one may use it as the cover [of a sukkah ] 1:4 ). As noted in the preceding paragraph, the majority opinion is that plants growing in a pot without a hole are subject to impurity; the question can be asked only according to R. Simeon. ? Rebbi Judah bar Pazi asked: If somebody planted five vines in five pots without holes and arranged them two parallel two and one as tail, can you say this is a vineyard? He may rearrange, does there exist a movable vineyard? Samuel said, put under any vine. Rebbi Joḥanan said, the Mishnah deals within ten [hand-breadths]. If one put five flower pots without holes under one vine, one has the disagreement between Rebbi Eleazar and Rebbi Joḥanan: what makes forbidden is not forbidden and what is not forbidden will be forbidden? But if a single pot was placed temporarily under five different vines, everybody agrees that what makes forbidden will be forbidden.