Jerusalem Talmud Bava Metzia Chapter 6

הַשּׂוֹכֵר אֶת הָאוּמָּנִין וְהִטְעוּ זֶה אֶת זֶה אֵין לָהֶם זֶה עַל זֶה אֶלָּא תַרְעוֹמֶת. שָׂכַר אֶת הַהַמָּר וְאֶת הַקַּדָּר פֳרֶייֹא פֳרֵין וַחֲלִילִין לַכַּלָּה אוֹ לַמֵּת פּוֹעֲלִין לְהַעֲלוֹת פִּשְׁתָּנוֹ מִן הַמִּשְׁרָה וְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא אָבֵד וְחָזְרוּ בָהֶן מָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין אָדָם שׂוֹכֵר עֲלֵיהֶן אוֹ מַטְעָן. הַשּׂוֹכֵר אֶת הָאוּמָּנִין כול׳. הִטְעוּ זֶה אֶת זֶה מָהוּ. אַיתֵיי אַתּוּן עָבְדִין עִמִּי הֵיךְ אַתּוּן עָבְדִין מִן חָמֵשׁ רֻבָּן. וְאַשְׁכְּחוֹן עָבְדִין מִן עֶשֶׂר רֻבָּן לִמְלָאכָה. אַתּוּן עָבְדִין עִמִּי הֵיךְ אַתּוּן עָבְדִין מִן עֲשָׂרָה יוֹמִין. וְאַשְׁכְּחוֹן עָבְדִין מִן חֲמִשָּׁה יוֹמִין. (הִטְעָן) [הִטְעוּ] בַּעַל הַבַּיִת מָהוּ. אַיתֵיי אַתּוּן עָבְדִין עִם חֲבֵירֵיכוֹן הֵיךְ הִינּוּן עָבְדִין [מִי̇ רֻבָּן. וְאַשְׁכְּחֹן עָבְדִין מֵה̇ רֻבָּן לִמְלָאכָה. אַתֵיי אַתּוּן עָבְדִין עִם חֲבֵירֵכוֹן הֵיךְ הִינּוּן עָבְדִין] מִה̇ יוֹמִין. וְאַשְׁכְּחוֹן עָבְדוּן מִי̇ יוֹמִין. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים. שֶׁלֹּא הָלְכוּ הַחַמָּרִים. אֲבָל הָלְכוּ וְלֹא מָצְאוּ תְבוּאָה. פּוֹעֲלִין לְנַכֵּשׁ וּמָצְאוּ שָׂדֶהוּ זְלֵחָה. נוֹתֵן לָהֶן שְׂכַר הֲלִיכָה וַחֲזִירָה. וְלֹא דוֹמֶה הַבָּא טָעוּן לַבָּא רֵיקָן. עוֹשֶׂה מְלָאכָה לְיוֹשֵׁב וּבָטֵל. הַיּוֹשֵׁב בַּצֵּל לַיּוֹשֵׁב בַּחַמָּה. רִבִּי חִיָיה רוֹבָה אֲגַר חַמָּרִין לְמֵיתָא לֵיהּ כִּיתָּן. הָלְכוּ וּמְצָאוּהָ לַחָה. אֲמַר לוֹן רַב. פּוֹק וַהַב לוֹן אַגְרָן מֻשְׁלָם. וַאֲמַר לְהוֹן. לָא דַאֲנָא חַיָיב מִיתֵּן לְכוֹן אַגְרֵיכוֹן אֶלָּא אֲנָא חִיָיה מָסְרִית לְכוֹן. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים. שֶׁלֹּא הִתְחִילוּ. אֲבָל אִם קִיבֵּל מִמֵּנּוּ שָׂדֶה לִקְצוֹר בְּב̇ סְלָעִים קָצַר חֶצְיָיהּ וְהִנִּיחַ חֶצְיָיהּ. בֶּגֶד לֶאֱרוֹג בְּב̇ סְלָעִים אָרַג חֶצְיוֹ וְהִנִּיחַ חֶצְיוֹ שָׁמִין לוֹ. כֵּיצַד שָׁמִין לוֹ מַה שֶׁעָשָׂה. אִם הָיָה מַה שֶׁעָשָׂה יָפֶה ו̇ דֵּינָרִין נוֹתֵן לוֹ סֶלַע אוֹ יִגְמוֹר מְלַאכְתּוֹ. וְאִם סֶלַע נוֹתֵן לוֹ סֶלַע. רִבִּי דוֹסָא אוֹמֵר. שָׁמִין מַה שֶׁעָתִיד לֵיעָשׂוֹת. אִם הָיָה מַה שֶׁעָתִיד לֵעָשׂוֹת יָפֶה ג̇ דֵּינָרִין נוֹתֵן לוֹ שֶׁקֶל אוֹ יִגְמוֹר מְלַאכְתּוֹ. וְאִם שֶׁקֶל נוֹתֵן לו̇ שֶׁקֶל. רִבִּי זֵירָא בְשֵׁם רַב הוּנָא רִבִּי בִּינָה רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה בְשֵׁם רַב. הֲלָכָה כְּרִבִּי דוֹסָא. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים. בְּדָבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ אָבֵד. אֲבָל בְּדָבָר הָאָבֵד שׂוֹכֵר עָלָיו מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר וּמַטְּעוֹ וְאוֹמֵר לוֹ. סֶלַע פָסַקְתִּי לָךְ ב̇ אֲנִי נוֹתֵן לָךְ. נוֹטֵל מִזֶּה וְנוֹתֵן לָזֶּה. אָמַר רִבִּי אִילָא. וּבִלְבַד עַד כְּדֵי שְׂכָרוֹ. עַד כְּדוֹן וּבִלְבַד עַד כְּדֵי שְׂכַר אוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם. וּבִלְבַד עַד כְּדֵי שְׂכָרוֹ לַשָּׁעָה. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים. בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁאֵינוֹ מוֹצֵא לִשְׂכּוֹר פּוֹעֲלִים. אֲבָל אִם רָאָה חַמָּרִין שֶׁמְמַשְׁמְשִין וּבָאִין אוֹ שֶׁפָּרַק סְפִינָתוֹ בְלִמֵן. אָמַר לוֹ. צֵא וּשְׂכוֹר לָךְ אַחַת מִכָּל אֵילּוּ. אֵין לוֹ עָלָיו אֶלָּא תַרְעוֹמֶת.

MISHNAH: If somebody hired tradesmen and they tricked one another, they only have mutual complaints on one another. If somebody hired a donkey driver, or a teamster, carriage carriers explains “a kind of litter” without indicating an etymology Rashi: prepared wood to construct a litter, φορεῖον.} , or flute players for a bride or a burial, workers to bring his flax from the soaking pond, or anything in danger of being lost, if they reneged at a place where nobody is available, he hires at their expense or tricks them. HALAKHAH: “If somebody hired tradesmen,” etc. What means, they tricked one another? Come, work for me for five large [coins]. It turned out it was work for ten large [coins]. You work for me a job which needs ten days. It turned out it was work for five days. What means, [they] tricked the householder? Come, work for me with your colleagues {for ten large [coins]. It turned out it was work for five large [coins]. You work for me a job which needs five days.} It turned out it was work for ten days. “When was this said; if the donkey drivers did not start yet. But if they went and did not find grain, or workers to weed and found the field flooded, he has to pay them for going and coming. But one cannot compare coming loaded with coming empty, or working with being idle, sitting in the shadow with sitting in the sun.” Rebbi Ḥiyya the Elder hired donkey drivers to bring his flax. They went and found it wet. (Rav) said to him, go and pay them their full fee. He said to them, not that I would be obligated to pay you your fee but I, Ḥiyya, am handing it over to you. “When was this said? Before they started. But if he accepted to harvest a field for two tetradrachmas, harvested half and left half uncut, a garment to weave for two tetradrachmas, wove half and left half unwoven, one estimates for him. How does one estimate what he did? If what he did was worth six denar, he gives him a sela‘ or he has to finish his work or 4 denars, the additional costs are to be borne by the employer. . If it was worth a tetradrachma he gives him a tetradrachma; Rebbi Dosa says, one estimates what remains to be done. If what remains to be done was worth three denar, he gives him a šeqel or he has to finish his work S. Lieberman conjectures that in L the numeral was spelled out, as it is in E, and that שלשה was a copyist’s error for ששה, the Babli’s reading. . If it was a šeqel, he gives him a šeqel (supported by D. Pardo, Ḥasde David ) writes that in case the first contractor finished exactly half the job, he is paid the smaller of half the contract sum or the amount another contractor takes to finish the job. If that would be one šeqel, the original contractor also gets only one šeqel ; since he broke the contract, the earlier obligation of his employer was abrogated. .” Rebbi Ze‘ira in the name of Rav Ḥuna, Rebbi Bina, Rebbi Jeremiah in the name of Rav: practice follows Rebbi Dosa. “When was this said? If nothing is in danger to be lost. But if it is in danger to be lost, he hires others on his account or tricks him and tells him, I contracted with you for one tetradrachma, I shall give you two. He takes from one and gives to the other.” Rebbi Ila said, only up to his wages. So far, only up to his wages for that day, or only up to his wages for that hour? “When was this said? At a place where no workers are ready to be hired. But if one saw that donkey drivers approached, or that he was unloading his ship in a port, he may tell him, go and hire yourself one of these; he only has a complaint on him.”

הַשּׂוֹכֵר אֶת הָאוּמָּנִין וְחָזְּרוּ בָהֶן יָדָן לַתַּחְתּוֹנָה. אִם בַּעַל הַבַּיִת חוֹזֵר בּוֹ יָדוֹ לַתַּחְתּוֹנָה. כָּל הַמְשַׁנֶּה יָדוֹ לַתַּחְתּוֹנָה וְכָל הַחוֹזֵר בּוֹ יָדוֹ לַהַתַּחְתּוֹנָה. הַשּׂוֹכֵר אֶת הָאוּמָּנִין כול׳. רַב אָמַר. כִּי לִי בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲבָדִים. אֵין יִשְׂרָאֵל קוֹנִין זֶה אֶת זֶה. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. עֶבֶד עִבְרִי הִיא מַתְנִיתָא. עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרַב. בֵּין פּוֹעֵל בֵּין בַּעַל הַבַּיִת יָכוֹל לַחֲזוֹר בּוֹ. עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. פּוֹעֵל יָכוֹל לַחֲזוֹר בּוֹ וְלֹא בַעַל הַבַּיִת.

MISHNAH: If somebody hired tradesmen and they backed out they are disadvantaged; if the householder backs out, he is disadvantaged. Anyone changing the terms of a contract is disadvantaged 9:5 . ; anyone backing out of a contract is disadvantaged. HALAKHAH: “If somebody hired tradesmen,” etc. Rav said, “because the Children of Israel are My servants 25:55 . ,” Jews cannot buy one another. Rebbi Joḥanan said, this was stated about a Hebrew slave. In Rav’s opinion, both a worker and an employer can back out; in Rebbi Joḥanan’s opinion the worker can back out but not the employer.

הַשּׂוֹכֵר אֶת הַחֲמוֹר לְהוֹלִיכָהּ בָּהָר וְהוֹלִיכָהּ בַּבִּקְעָה. בַּבִּקְעָה וְהוֹלִיכָהּ בָּהָר אֲפִילוּ זוֹ עֲשָׂרָה מִילִין וְזוֹ עֲשָׂרָה מִילִין וָמֵתָה חַיָיב לְשַׁלֵּם. שָׂכַר אֶת הַחֲמוֹר וְהִבְרִיקָה אוֹ שֶׁנִּשְׂאֵת בַּאַנְגָּרֵיָיא אוֹמֵר לוֹ הֲרֵי שֶׁלָּךְ לְפָנֶיךָ. מֵתָה אוֹ נִשְׁבְּרָה חַיָיב לְהַעֲמִיד לוֹ חֲמוֹר. הַשּׂוֹכֵר אֶת הַחֲמוֹר לְהוֹלִיכָהּ בָּהָר וְהוֹלִיכָהּ בַּבִּקְעָה אִם הֶחֱלִיקַה פָטוּר וְאִם הוּחַמָּה חַיָיב. לְהוֹלִיכָהּ בַּבִּקְעָה וְהוֹלִיכָהּ בָּהָר אִם הֶחֱלִיקַה חַיָיב וְאִם הוּחַמָּה פָטוּר וְאִם מַחֲמַת הַמַּעֲלָה חַיָיב. הַשּׂוֹכֵר אֶת הַפָּרָה לַחֲרוֹשׁ בָּהָר וְחָרַשׁ בַּבִּקְעָה אִם נִשְׁבַּר הַקַּנְקַן פָּטוּר. בַּבִּקְעָה וְחָרַשׁ בָּהָר אִם נִשְׁבַּר הַקַּנְקַן חַיָיב. לָּדוּשׁ בַּקִטְנִית וְדָשׁ בַּתְּבוּאָה פָטוּר. בַּתְּבוּאָה וְדָשׁ בַּקִטְנִית חַיָיב מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַקִּיטְנִית מְחַלֶּקֶת. הַשּׂוֹכֵר אֶת הַחֲמוֹר כול׳. נִיחָא בָּהָר וְהוֹלִיכָהּ בַּבִּקְעָה. בַּבִּקְעָה וְהוֹלִיכָהּ בָּהָר. רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יָקִים אָמַר. בְּשֶׁמֵּתָה מַחְמַת אֲוֵיר. רִבִּי דּוֹסִתַּי בֶּן יַנַּאי אָמַר שֶׁהִכִּישָׁהּ נָחָשׁ. רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר. רִבִּי מֵאִיר הִיא דְּאָמַר. כָּל הַמְשַׁנֶּה עַל דַּעַת בַּעַל הַבַּיִת נִקְרָא גַזְלָן. שָׂכַר חֲמוֹר וְהִבְרִיקָה. דִּבְזַק. אוֹ שֶׁנַּעֲשֵׂית אֲנַגָּרֵיָא. אִית תַּנָּיֵי תַנֵּי. אֲנַגָּרֵיָא כְמִיתָה. וְאִית תַּנָּיֵי תַנֵּי. אוֹמֵר לוֹ. הֲרֵי שֶׁלָּךְ לְפָנֶיךָ. מָאן דְתַנֵּי. אַנְגָּרֵיָא כְמִיתָה. בְּאוֹתוֹ שֶׁיָּכוֹל לְפַשֵּׁר. מָאן דָּמַר. אוֹמֵר לוֹ. הֲרֵי שֶׁלָּךְ לְפָנֶיךָ. בְּאוֹתוֹ שֶׁאֵין יָכוֹל לְפַשֵּׁר. תַּנֵּי. רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר. כְּדֶרֶךְ הֲלִיכָתָהּ אֵין חַיָיב לְהַעֲמִיד לוֹ חֲמוֹר אַחֵר. שֶׁלֹּא כְדֶרֶךְ הֲלִיכָתָהּ חַיָיב לְהַעֲמִיד לוֹ חֲמוֹר אַחֵר. אָמַר רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ בְשַׁם רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶּן חֲנִינָה. בְּקָפֶּנְדָּרְיָא אֵין חַיָיב לְהַעֲמִיד לוֹ חֲמוֹר אַחֵר. בַּסִילִקֵי חַיָיב לְהַעֲמִיד לוֹ חֲמוֹר אַחֵר. רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בַּר חֲנִינָה. אָגְרָהּ מִיכָּא לְלוֹד וְאִינְסִיבַת אַנְגָּרֵיָא לְלוֹד. אֵין חַיָיב לְהַעֲמִיד לוֹ חֲמוֹר אַחֵר. מִיכָּא לְלוֹד וְאִינְסִיבַת אַנְגָּרֵיָא לְצוֹר. חַיָיב לְהַעֲמִיד לוֹ חֲמוֹר אַחֵר. מֵתָה אוֹ נִשְׁבְּרָה חַיָיב לְהַעֲמִיד לוֹ חֲמוֹר. רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר. בְּשֶׁאָמַר לוֹ חֲמוֹר סְתָם. אֲבָל אִם אָמַר לוֹ חֲמוֹר זֶה יְכִיל מֵימַר לֵיהּ. לְדֵין בְּעִית אַיְיתִי לֵיהּ קוֹמִין. רַב הוּנָא אָמַר. חַיָיב לִיטַפֵּל בּוֹ בְּאוֹתוֹ מָקוֹם. אָמַר רִבִּי זֵירָא. אִם יֵשׁ בִּטְפֵילָה כְּדֵי לִשְׂכּוֹר לוֹ גַּיְידוֹר קָטָן אֵינוֹ חַיָיב לְהַעֲמִיד לוֹ חֲמוֹר אַחֵר. וְאִם לָאו חַיָיב לְהַעֲמִיד לוֹ חֲמוֹר אַחֵר. אָמַר רִבִּי הוּנָא. אִם יֵשׁ בִּנְבֵילָה כְּדֵי לִיקַּח גַּיְידוֹר קָטָן אֵין חַיָיב לְהַעֲמִיד לוֹ חֲמוֹר אַחֵר. וְאִם לָאו חַיָיב לְהַעֲמִיד לוֹ חֲמוֹר אַחֵר.

MISHNAH: Somebody who rented a donkey to lead it on the mountain but led it in the valley, in the valley but led it on the mountain, even if both ways were ten mil, if it died he has to pay. If he rented a donkey and it developed eye trouble or it was taken to government service, he tells him, here is your property before you. If it died or broke a limb, he has to provide him with another donkey. Somebody rented a donkey to lead it on the mountain but led it in the valley; if it slipped, he is not liable; if it suffered a heat stroke, he is liable. In the valley, but he led it on the mountain; if it slipped, he is liable; if it suffered a heat stroke, he is not liable but if it happened because of the ascent, he is liable. Somebody rented a cow to plough on the mountain but ploughed in the valley, if the plough’s peg 2:4, Note 206 . broke, he is not liable. In the valley but he ploughed on the mountain, if the plough’s peg broke, he is liable. To thresh legumes but he threshed grain, he is not liable; to thresh grain but he threshed legumes, he is liable, for legumes make [the floor] slippery. HALAKHAH: “Somebody who rented a donkey,” etc. One understands on the mountain, but he led it in the valley. In the valley, but he led it on the mountain? Rebbi Simeon ben Yaqim said, if it died because of the air. Rebbi Dositheos ben Yannai said, if it was bitten by a snake. Rebbi Joḥanan said, it is Rebbi Meïr’s who said, anybody who deviates from the owner’s instructions is called a robber 2:1, Note 70 . . “If he rented a donkey and it developed eye trouble,” it was stumbling. “Or it was taken to government service.” There are Tannaїm who state, government service is like death; but there are Tannaїm who state, he tells him, here is your property before you. He who stated, government service is like death, if he can find an accomodation; he who says, he tells him, here is your property before you, if he cannot find an accomodation. pp. 251–252. “It was stated, Rebbi Simeon ben Eleazar says, if it happened on the road, he does not have to provide him with another donkey; if it did not happen on the road, he has to provide him with another donkey.אם.) ” Rebbi Abbahu said in the name of Rebbi Yose ben Ḥanina: At a short-cut[ iter ]; cf. Berakhot 1:1, Note 36 . Since the government officials found him alone on a narrow path, it is his fault that the animal was taken. he does not have to provide him with another donkey; on the king’s highway he has to provide him with another donkey. Rebbi Abbahu in the name of Rebbi Yose ben Ḥanina: If he hired it from here to Lydda and it was taken into government service from here to Lydda, he does not have to provide him with another donkey; from here to Lydda and it was taken into government service from here to Tyre, he has to provide him with another donkey. “If it died or broke a limb, he has to provide him with a donkey.” Rebbi Joḥanan said, if [the lessee] requested “a donkey” without specifications. But if he requested “this donkey”, [the lessor] may tell him, you wanted this one, bring it before us. Rav Ḥuna said, he has to deal with it on place. Rebbi Ze‘ira said, if he can get enough from his effort to lease a small donkey, he does not need to provide him with another donkey. Otherwise, he has to provide him with another donkey. Rebbi Ḥuna said, if the cadaver is worth enough to buy a small donkey, he does not need to provide him with another donkey. Otherwise, he has to provide him with another donkey.

הַשּׂוֹכֵר אֶת הַחֲמוֹר לְהָבִיא עָלֶיהָ חִיטִּין וְהֵבִיא עָלֶיהָ שְׂעוֹרִין תְּבוּאָה וְהֵבִיא עָלֶיהָ תֶבֶן חַיָיב. וְכַמָּה יוֹסִיף עַל מַשָּׂאוֹ וִיהֵא חַיָיב. סוּמָּכוֹס אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם רִבִּי מֵאִיר סְאָה לַגָּמָל שְׁלֹשָׁה קַבִּין לַחֲמוֹר. הַשּׂוֹכֵר אֶת הַחֲמוֹר כול׳. תַּנֵּי כַּמָּה יוֹסִיף עַל מַשָּׂאוֹ וִיהֵא חַיָיב. סוֹמָּכוֹס אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם רִבִּי מֵאִיר. סְאָה לַגָּמָל וְג̇ קַבִּין לַחֲמוֹר. קַב לַכַּתָּף וְג̇ סָאִין לָעֲגָלָה. וּסְפִינָה לְפִי מַה שֶׁהִיא. שְׁיָירָה שֶׁנָּפַל עָלֶיהָ גַיִיס מְחַשְּׁבִין לְפִי מָמוֹן וְלֹא לְפִי נְפָשׁוֹת. שָׁלְחוּ לִפְנֵיהֶן תַּיָיר מְחַשְּׁבִין לְפִי נְפָשׁוֹת. אֵין מְשַׁנִּין עַל הַמִּנְהַג שֶׁלַּשְּׁיָירָה. סְפִינָה שֶׁעָמַד עָלֶיהָ נַחְשׁוֹל וְהֵיקַל מִמַּשּׂוֹאָהּ מְחַשְּׁבִין לְפִי מַשֹּאוּי וּלְפִי מָמוֹן וְלֹא לְפִי נְפָשׁוֹת. אֲבָל הַשּׂוֹכֵר מֵחֲבֵירוֹ קָרוֹן אוֹ סְפִינָה מְחַשְּׁבִין לְפִי מַשּׂאוּי וּלְפִי נְפָשׁוֹת וְלֹא לְפִי מָמוֹן. שְׁיָירָא שֶׁנָּפַל עָלֶיהָ גַיִיס וְעָמַד אֶחָד מֵהֶן וְהִצִּיל מִיָּדָן הִצִּיל לָאֶמְצַע. וְאִם נָתְנוּ לוֹ רְשׁוּת הִצִּיל לְעַצְמוֹ. חֲמָרִין שֶׁנָּפְלוּ עֲלֵיהֶן לִיסְטִין וְעָמַד אֶחָד מֵהֶן וְהִצִּיל הִצִּיל לָאֶמְצַע. וְאִם הִתְנָה עִמָּם בְּבֵית דִּין הִצִּיל לְעַצְמוֹ. הַשּׁוּתָפִין שֶׁמָּחֲלוּ לָהֶן מוּכְסִין מָחֲלוּ לָאֶמְצַע. וְאִם אָמְרוּ. לְשֵׁם פְּלוֹנִי מָחַלְנוּ. מַה שֶׁמָּחֲלוּ מָחֲלוּ לוֹ. הַגַּבָּאִין וְהַמּוּכְסִין תְּשׁוּבָתָן קָשָׁה. הֲרֵי אֵילּוּ מַחֲזִירִין לְמִי שֶׁמַּכִּירִין. וּלְמִי שֶׁאֵין מַכִּירִין יַעֲשׂוּ מֵהֶן צוֹרְכֵי צִיבּוּר.

MISHNAH: Somebody who rented a donkey to use it to transport wheat but transported barley, grain but transported straw, is liable 15 se’ah, about 190 liter. . How much did one add to the load that he became liable? Symmachos said in the name of Rebbi Meïr: one se’ah for a camel, three qab about 6.4 1. for a donkey 30 se’ah . . HALAKHAH: “Somebody who rented a donkey,” etc. “How much did one add to the load that he became liable? Symmachos said in the name of Rebbi Meïr: one se’ah for a camel, three qab for a donkey, one qab for a porter, and three se‘ah for a cart. But a ship according to its size”. 116b . “If a caravan was attacked by soldiers one computes according to value but not according to persons. If they sent a scout ahead of them, one computes according to the number of persons.” according to persons. One does not deviate from the usage of caravans.” 116b . “If a ship encounters a calamity and one lightens its load, one computes according to weight and value but not according to persons. But one who rents a carriage or a ship from another person computes according to load and persons but not according to value.” 116b . “If a caravan was attacked by soldiers and one of its members managed to save something from their hand, he saved equally [for all]; but if they gave him permission, he saved for himself. If donkey-drivers were attacked by robbers and one of theirs managed to save something from their hand, he saved equally [for all]; but if he stipulated with them in court, he saved for himself. If toll collectors forgave to partners, they forgave equally [for all]; but if they indicated, we forgave to Mr. X, what they forgave, they forgave him.” 94b . “The repentance of publicans and toll collectors is difficult 8:9 ) that sins between man and fellow man are not forgiven by Heaven unless the sinner asks forgiveness from his fellow man. Since under the antique system of tax farming, neither the tax- nor the toll-collector could make a living if they only exacted the legal amounts, they will have sinned against a great number of people whom they do not know by name. . They should return to those whom they know; [moneys taken] from people they do not know they should use for the public good.”

כָּל הָאוּמָּנִין שׁוֹמְרֵי שָׂכָר וְכוּלָּן שֶׁאָמְרוּ טוֹל אֶת שֶׁלָּךְ וְהָבֵא מָעוֹת שׁוֹמֵר חִנָּם. שְׁמוֹר לִי וְאֶשְׁמֹר לָךְ שׁוֹמֵר שָׂכָר. שְׁמוֹר לִי וְאָמַר לוֹ הַנַּח לְפָנֶיךָ שׁוֹמֵר חִנָּם. הַמַּלְוֶה עַל הַמַּשְׁכּוֹן שׁוֹמֵר שָׂכָר. רִבִּי יוּדָה אוֹמֵר הִלְוָהוּ מָעוֹת שׁוֹמֵר חִנָּם הִלוָוהוּ פֵירוֹת שׁוֹמֵר שָׂכָר. אָבָּא שָׁאוּל אוֹמֵר מוּתָּר אָדָם לְהַשְׂכִּיר מַשְׁכּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עָנִי לִהְיוֹת פּוֹסֵק עָלָיו וְהוֹלֵךְ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא כְמֵשִׁיב אֲבֵידָה. כָּל הָאוּמָּנִין שׁוֹמְרֵי שָׂכָר כול׳. הָדָא אַנְטִיכְרֵיסִים רִבִּית הוּא. שְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר. כְּשֶׁאָמַר לוֹ. הַנַּח לְפָנַיי. אֲבָל אָמַר לוֹ. הַנַּח לְפָנֶיךָ. אֵינוֹ לֹא שׁוֹמֵר חִנָּם וְלֹא שׁוֹמֵר שָׂכָר. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. רוֹצֵה אָדָם לִיתֵּן כַּמָּה וְלִמְכּוֹר פֵּירוֹתָיו עַל יְדֵי מַשְׁכּוֹן. רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶן חֲנִינָה. רוֹצֵה אָדָם לִיתֵּן כַּמָּה וְלִמְכּוֹר פֵּירוֹתָיו לְמִי שֶׁיְּפַיְיסֶנּוּ עַל יְדֵי מַשְׁכּוֹן.

MISHNAH: All artisans are paid trustees, but in any case where he said, take what is yours and bring money, he becomes an unpaid trustee. Watch over what is mine and I shall watch over what is yours, paid trustee. Watch over what is mine, and he said, put it down before you, an unpaid trustee”, as in the Babli and the Mishnah manuscript corrected by Maimonides in his autograph Commentary. . He who gives a loan on a pledge is a paid trustee; Rebbi Jehudah said, if he lent money, he is an unpaid trustee, if produce, a paid trustee. Abba Shaul said, a person is authorized to rent out a poor person’s pledge to continuously slice off [from the loan] because he is like a person who returns lost property 4:6, Note 168 . . HALAKHAH: “All artisans are paid trustees,” etc. This ἀντίχρησις is interest. Samuel L has ששאל “that he asked”, a scribal error. In the Babli, 81b , the statement is attributed to Rav’s student Rav Huna. said, if he said, put it down before me. But if he said, put it down before yourself, he is neither an unapaid nor a paid trustee. Rebbi Joḥanan said, a person is ready to give something so that he can sell his produce based on a pledge. Rebbi Abbahu in the name of Rebbi Yose ben Ḥanina said, a person is ready to give something so that he can sell his produce to somebody who will appease him by a pledge.

הַמַּעֲבִיר חָבִית מִמָּקוֹם לְמָקוֹם וְנִשְׁבְּרָה בֵּין שׁוֹמֵר הִנָּם בֵּין שׁוֹמֵר שָׂכָר יִישָּׁבֵעַ. רִבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר זֶה וְזֶה יִשָּׁבֵעַ וְתָמֵיהַּ אֲנִי אִם יְכוֹלִין זֶה וְזֶה לְהִישָּׁבֵעַ. הַמַּעֲבִיר חָבִית מִמָּקוֹם לְמָקוֹם כול׳. תַּנֵּי רִבִּי נְחֶמְיָה קַדָּר מְסַר קַדְרוֹי לְבַר נַשׁ תָּבְרִין. אָרִים גּוּלְתֵיהּ. אֲתַא גַבֵּי רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בַּר חֲנִינָה אֲמַר לֵיהּ. אֵיזִיל אֱמוֹר לֵיהּ. לְמַעַן תֵּלֵךְ בְּדֶרֶךְ טוֹבִים. אֲזַל וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ וִיהַב גּוּלְתֵיהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. יְהַב לָךְ אַגְרָךְ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. לָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. זִיל וֶאֱמוֹר לֵיהּ וְאָרְחוֹת צַדִּיקִים תִּשְׁמוֹר. אֲזַל וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ וִיהַב לֵיהּ אַגְרֵיהּ.

MISHNAH: One who transports an amphora from place to place and it breaks shall swear, whether unpaid or paid trustee. Rebbi Eliezer said, both shall swear, but I am wondering whether any of them be able to swear. HALAKHAH: “One who transports an amphora from place to place,” etc. It was stated: Rebbi Nehemiah the potter gave his pots to a person who broke them. He 44 (ed. Luncz, Jerusalem 1899, p. 615) against the opinion of S. Lieberman who here suspects a lacuna. confiscated his coat. He went to Rebbi Yose ben Ḥanina, who told him, go and tell him: 2:20 . “That you should go in the ways of good people.” He went and told him 44 (ed. Luncz, Jerusalem 1899, p. 615) against the opinion of S. Lieberman who here suspects a lacuna. who then returned his coat. He asked him, did he 44 (ed. Luncz, Jerusalem 1899, p. 615) against the opinion of S. Lieberman who here suspects a lacuna. pay your wages? He said, no. He told him, go and tell him: “And to the paths of the just you shall keep.” He went and told him 44 (ed. Luncz, Jerusalem 1899, p. 615) against the opinion of S. Lieberman who here suspects a lacuna. who then paid his wages.