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Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 580
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Read the full text in the readerOrach Chayim Siman 580
Orach Chayim Siman 580 is a source-text unit from the Shulchan Arukh with 3 seifim. Its reading map separates the practical rule, its conditions and the points that need comparison with the surrounding text.
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A unit-by-unit map of all 3 seifim on this page: opening words, the moves the text actually makes and a link back to that exact seif.
Sages named on this page
- Rabbi Akiva [R"A] · Second Generation of Tannaim
Rabbi Akiva, a central figure among the Tannaim, rose from humble beginnings to become one of the greatest sages in Jewish history.
Source: Orach Chayim Siman 580 · Seif 2 — “…איש מישראל ונחבש ר' עקיבא בז' בו נגזרה גזירה…”
- Shmuel · First Generation Amoraim
Shmuel, a prominent Amora, was a student of Rabbi Judah the Prince and a contemporary of Rav.
Source: Orach Chayim Siman 580 · Seif 2 — “…בכ"ח בו מת שמואל הנביא בכ"ג בסיון בטלו הביכורים…”
Original text
<b>ימים שמתענים בהם. ובו ג סעיפים:</b><br>אלו הימים שאירעו בהם צרו' לאבותינו וראוי להתענו' בהם ואע"פ שמקצתם בראש חודש יש מי שאומר שיתענו בו (וטוב שלא להשלים בראש חודש):
1. The Days on Which We Fast, 3 Seifim: These are the days when troubles occurred for our forefathers, and it is worthy to fast on them. And even though some fall at the beginning of the month, there are those who say that we fast on them (and it is good not to complete a fast at the beginning of a month).
באחד בניסן מתו בני אהרן בעשרה בו מתה מרים ונסתלק הבאר בכ"ו בו מת יהושע בן נון בעשרה באייר מת עלי הכהן ושני בניו ונשבה ארון ה' בכ"ח בו מת שמואל הנביא בכ"ג בסיון בטלו הביכורים מלעלו' לירושלים בימי ירבעם בן נבט בכ"ה בו נהרג רשב"ג ורבי ישמעאל ור"ח סגן הכהנים בכ"ז בו נשרף רבי חנניא בן תרדיון וספר תורה עמו בא' באב מת אהרן הכהן בי"ח בו כבה נר מערבי בימי אחז בי"ז באלול מתו מוציאי דבת הארץ. בה' בתשרי מתו עשרים איש מישראל ונחבש ר' עקיבא בז' בו נגזרה גזירה על אבותינו שימותו בחרב וברעב ובדבר מפני מעשה העגל בז' במרחשוון עיורו עיני צדקיהו ושחטו בניו לעיניו בכ"ח בכסליו שרף יהויקים המגילה שכתב ברוך מפי ירמיהו בשמונה בטבת נכתבה התורה יונית בימי תלמי המלך והיה חושך בעולם שלשה ימים בט' בו לא נודע איזה היא הצרה שאירע בו בה' בשבט מתו הזקנים שהיו בימי יהושע בכ"ג בו נתקבצו כל ישראל על שבט בנימין על ענין פלגש בגבעה בז' באדר מת משה רבינו ע"ה בט' בו נחלקו בית שמאי ובית הלל:
2. On the first on Nisan, the sons of Aaron died. On the tenth of it Miriam died and her well disappeared. On the twenty-sixth of it Joshua ben Nun died. On the tenth of Iyyar, Eli the priest and two of his sons and the ark of God was captured. On the twenty sixth of it Samuel the prophet died. On the twenty-third of Sivan the offering of the first fruits in Jeruslem was cancelled during the days of Jereboam ben Nebat. On the twenty-fifth of it Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel and Rabbi Yishmael and Rabbi Hanina Deputy High Priest were killed. On the twenty-seventh of it Rabbi Hanina ben Teradion was burned to death and a Torah scroll with him. On the first of Av, Aaron the priest died. On the eighteenth of it, the eastern light was extinguished during the days of Ahaz. On the seventeenth of Elul those who slandered the land died. On the fifth of Tishri, twenty men of Israel were killed and Rabbi Akiba was imprisoned. On the seventh of it a decree was decreed against our ancestors that died by sword, hunger and plague because of the incident of the golden calf. On the seventh of Mar-Cheshvan, they blinded the eyes of Zedekiah and slaughtered his sons before his eyes. On the twenty-eighth of Kislev Jehoiakim burned the scroll that Baruch wrote dictated by Jeremiah. On the eighth of Tevet the Torah was written in Greek during the days of King Ptolemy and darkness was in the world for three days. On the ninth of it, it was not known who caused the trouble that happened on it. On the fifth of Shevat the elders who were in the days of Joshua died. On the twenty-third of it all of Israel gathered against the tribe of Benjamin on account of the concubine in Gibeah. On the seventh of Adar Moses, our Teacher, may peace be upon him, died. On the ninth of it Beit Hillel and Beit Shammai divided.
יש מי שאומר שגזרו שיהיו מתענין בכל שני וחמישי על חורבן הבי' ועל התור' שנשרפה ועל חילול השם ולעתיד לבא יהפכם ה' לששון ולשמחה:
3. There are those that say that there is a decree to fast on every Monday and Thursday regarding the destruction of the Beis HaMikdash and on the Torah that was burned, and on the desecration of the Name, and in the future, Hashem will change these (days) into joy and happiness.
English translation: Sefaria Community Translation · CC0