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Shulchan Arukh, Even HaEzer 108
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Read the full text in the readerEven HaEzer Siman 108
Even HaEzer Siman 108 is a source-text unit from the Shulchan Arukh with 3 seifim. Its reading map separates the practical rule, its conditions and the points that need comparison with the surrounding text.
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Original text
<b>דין שכיב מרע שאמר תטול אשתי כאחד מן הבנים. ובו ג סעיפים:</b><br>שכיב מרע שאמר (או בריא שקנו ממנו) (רשב"ם פרק יש נוחלין) תטול אשתי כאחד מן הבנים נוטלת כאחד מבניו יתר על כתובתה ואם נולדו לו בנים אחר הצוואה מצטרפים עם אלו שהיו בשעת הצוואה ונוטלת חלק עם כלם כיצד היו לו ג' בנים בשעת הצוואה ולאחר זמן נולדו לו שנים נוטלת כא' מחמשה שהוא שתות כל הממון ואינה נוחלת עמהן אלא בנכסים שהיו לו בשעת הצוואה אבל הנכסים שבאו לו אחר זמן הצוואה אין לה בהם חלק שאין אדם מקנה דבר שלא בא ברשותו: הגה היה ספק בנכסים אם היו בשעת הוצאה או לא על האשה להביא ראיה או לא תטול חלק בהם (ב"י בשם הריטב"א פ' יש נוחלין):
One who is deathly ill (or a healthy man who made a transaction on the command) who says, "My wife shall inherit as one of my sons," she inherits as one of the sons in addition to collecting the money granted to her in the marriage contract. If sons were born to him after his command was issued, they join with those who were alive at the time of the command and the wife inherits amongst all of them together. How so? If he had three sons at the time of the command, and after some time two more were born to him, his wife inherits as one of the other five--that is, one sixth of the property--and takes only the items that belonged to him at the time of the command. Regarding items that came into his possession after the time of the command, she has no portion in them, as one cannot bequeath that which is not in his possession. Rem"a: If there was doubt as to whether some property was in his possession at the time of the command or not, the burden of proof is on the wife, or she will not inherit from that property.
אם היו הבנים מרובים ונתמעטו נוטלת חלק כאחד מהבנים שבשעת מיתה ויש מי שנסתפק בזה:
If there were many sons and their number was decreased, she inherits as one of the number of sons at the time of death. And there is someone who doubts this.
אם מתו כל הבנים רואים כמה היו בשעת הצוואה ונוטלת חלק הראוי לאחד מהם והשאר ליורשיו: הגה הכותב לבתו ולחתנו שיטלו חלק כאחד מבניו הוי כאלו כתב כך לאשתו ואינו נוטל אלא בנכסים שהיו לו בשעת הכתיבה (מרדכי פ' יש נוחלין) ומה שנוהגין בשטר חצי זכר שכותבים עכשיו לבנות שנוטלין בכל אשר ימצא לו כמו הזכרים משום דכותב להם דרך הודאה שחייב להם סך מה ולא יפטר אלא כשנותן להם כמו הזכרים ובדרך זה יכול להקנות אף מה שלא ברשותו הן ראוי הן מוחזק (ד"ע) הנותן מתנה לאשתו או לבנותיו אסור להערים אח"כ וליתן מנכסיו לבניו או לאשתו כדי להפקיע ממקבל מתנה מה שראוי לו (כן נראה מתשו' מהרי"ל סי' פ"ח):
If all the sons died, we see how many they were at the time of the command, and she inherits a portion fit for one of them, and the rest goes to his inheritors. Rem"a: One who writes that his daughter and son-in-law shall inherit a portion as one of his own sons, it shall be as though he wrote this for his wife, and they may only inherit from the property that he owned at the time of writing. Our custom nowadays of writing a document of "half the males" for the daughters, where the daughters inherit from all of the property of the deceased as do the sons, exists because he writes an admission that the sons owe him some sum, and they may not be exempted from paying unless they give [of the inheritance] to the daughters as they would a son. Through this method, he is able to transfer even that which is not yet in his possession, as long as it is either fit to come into his possession or it has been demonstrated that it will be his. One who gives a gift to his wife or daughters, it is forbidden to engage in trickery afterward and bequeath to his sons or wife to remove from the recipient of the gift that which he deserves.
English translation: Sefaria Community Translation · CC0