Commentary page

Sukkah 36a

This page gathers the commentary on one source unit: the classic commentaries as they are printed, the sources the text cites, the sages named in it and direct links back to the text.

Read the full text in the reader

Babylonian Talmud · folio map

Sukkah 36a

Sukkah 36a. The full printed text of this folio side — 10 numbered segments, about 267 words — with the classic commentaries printed on the page.

Original text

Segment 1

הָא בְּכוּלַּהּ, הָא בְּמִקְצָתַהּ.

this mishna, where it states that if the etrog was peeled it is unfit, is in a case where all of it was peeled. That statement of Rava that if it was peeled it is fit is in a case where only part of it was peeled.

Segment 2

נִסְדַּק, נִיקַּב. תָּנֵי עוּלָּא בַּר חֲנִינָא: נִיקַּב נֶקֶב מְפוּלָּשׁ — בְּמַשֶּׁהוּ, וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ מְפוּלָּשׁ — בִּכְאִיסָּר.

The mishna continues discussing the halakha of an etrog that was split or pierced. Ulla bar Ḥanina taught: An etrog that was pierced with a hole that completely goes through its body is unfit with any size hole. If the hole does not completely go through the etrog , it is unfit only with a hole the size of an issar coin.

Segment 3

בָּעֵי רָבָא: נוֹלְדוּ בָּאֶתְרוֹג סִימָנֵי טְרֵפָה, מַהוּ? מַאי קָמִיבַּעְיָא לֵיהּ? אִי נִקְלַף — תְּנֵינָא! אִי נִסְדַּק — תְּנֵינָא! אִי נִיקַּב — תְּנֵינָא!

Rava raised a dilemma: If signs of a tereifa developed in the etrog , what is its halakhic status? The Gemara clarifies: What is the dilemma that he is raising? There are similarities between the halakhot of the etrog in the mishna and some of the halakhot of a tereifa , a bird or animal with a condition that will lead to its death within a year. If it is the case where the etrog was peeled, we already learned that case. If it is the case where the etrog was split, we learned that case as well. And if it is the case where the etrog was pierced, we learned that too. After ruling out those defects, the question remains: With regard to what is Rava’s dilemma?

Segment 4

כִּי קָא מִיבַּעְיָא לֵיהּ כִּדְעוּלָּא אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: רֵיאָה שֶׁנִּשְׁפְּכָה כְּקִיתוֹן — כְּשֵׁרָה. וְאָמַר רָבָא: וְהוּא דְּקָיְימִי סִימְפּוֹנַהָא. הָא לָא קָיְימִי סִימְפּוֹנַהָא — טְרֵפָה. הָכָא מַאי? דִּלְמָא הָתָם הוּא דְּלָא שָׁלֵיט בַּהּ אַוֵּירָא, הֲדַר בָּרְיָא, אֲבָל הָכָא דְּשָׁלֵיט בַּהּ אַוֵּירָא — סָרוֹחֵי מַסְרְחָא, אוֹ דִלְמָא לָא שְׁנָא?

The Gemara answers: When he raises the dilemma, it is with regard to a case like that which Ulla said that Rabbi Yoḥanan said: A lung whose contents can be poured like a pitcher, i.e., whose tissue dissolved to the point of liquefaction, is not a sign of tereifa , and the animal is kosher. And Rava said: And that is the halakha only where the bronchia are intact. However, if the bronchia are not intact, it is a sign of tereifa . The dilemma here is with regard to a comparable situation in an etrog , i.e., an etrog that liquefied from within: What is its halakhic status? Perhaps it is there, in the case of the lung, where the air does not affect it since it is completely enclosed in the body, that the lungs can recover, and that is why it is not a tereifa . However, here, in the case of the etrog , where the air affects it, it inevitably decays and spoils and therefore it is a tereifa . Or, perhaps the case of the etrog is no different.

Segment 5

תָּא שְׁמַע: אֶתְרוֹג תָּפוּחַ סָרוּחַ, כָּבוּשׁ, שָׁלוּק, כּוּשִׁי, לָבָן, וּמְנוּמָּר — פָּסוּל. אֶתְרוֹג כְּכַדּוּר — פָּסוּל, וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים: אַף הַתְּיוֹם. אֶתְרוֹג הַבּוֹסֶר — רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא פּוֹסֵל, וַחֲכָמִים מַכְשִׁירִין. גִּדְּלוֹ בִּדְפוּס וַעֲשָׂאוֹ כְּמִין בְּרִיָּה אַחֶרֶת — פָּסוּל.

The Gemara answers: Come and hear a resolution to this dilemma based on that which was taught in a baraita . An etrog that is tafuaḥ , saruaḥ , pickled, boiled, a black Cushite etrog , a white etrog , or a speckled etrog is unfit. An etrog shaped like a ball is unfit, and some say even a twin, conjoined, etrog is unfit. With regard to an etrog that is unripe, Rabbi Akiva deems it unfit, and the Rabbis deem it fit. If he grew the etrog in a mold and shaped it to appear like a different entity, and it is no longer shaped like an etrog , it is unfit.

Segment 6

קָתָנֵי מִיהַת תָּפוּחַ סָרוּחַ, מַאי לָאו: תָּפוּחַ מִבַּחוּץ, וְסָרוּחַ מִבִּפְנִים! לָא, אִידִי וְאִידִי מִבַּחוּץ, וְלָא קַשְׁיָא: הָא דִּתְפַח אַף עַל גַּב דְּלָא סְרַח, הָא דִּסְרַח אַף עַל גַּב דְּלָא תְּפַח.

In any event, it teaches that an etrog that is tafuaḥ or saruaḥ is unfit. What, is it not that tafuaḥ means that it decayed on the outside and saruaḥ means that it decayed on the inside? The Gemara rejects this explanation: No, both this and that are referring to decay on the outside. And this apparent redundancy is not difficult, as this case, tafuaḥ , is where it swelled even though it did not decay, and that case, saruaḥ , is where it decayed even though it did not swell.

Segment 7

אָמַר מָר: אֶתְרוֹג כּוּשִׁי — פָּסוּל. וְהָתַנְיָא: כּוּשִׁי כָּשֵׁר, דּוֹמֶה לְכוּשִׁי — פָּסוּל! אֲמַר אַבָּיֵי: כִּי תְּנַן נָמֵי מַתְנִיתִין, דּוֹמֶה לְכוּשִׁי תְּנַן. רָבָא אָמַר: לָא קַשְׁיָא הָא לַן, וְהָא לְהוּ.

The Master said in the baraita cited above: A Cushite etrog is unfit. The Gemara asks: But isn’t it taught in a different baraita : A Cushite etrog is fit, but an etrog that is similar to a Cushite etrog is unfit. Abaye said: When we learned this halakha in the mishna that it is unfit, too, we learned it not in reference to an actual Cushite etrog , but rather in reference to one that is similar to a Cushite etrog . Rava said: Actually, the mishna is referring to a Cushite etrog , and nevertheless, it is not difficult; this, the halakha that it is unfit, is for us in Babylonia because our etrogim are typically light, and the dark Cushite etrogim are conspicuously different. And that, the halakha that it is fit, is for them in Eretz Yisrael, whose etrogim are typically dark. In Eretz Yisrael the dark Cushite etrog is not conspicuously different, and it is therefore fit.

Segment 8

אֶתְרוֹג הַבּוֹסֶר — רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא פּוֹסֵל וַחֲכָמִים מַכְשִׁירִין. אָמַר רַבָּה: רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אָמְרוּ דָּבָר אֶחָד. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא — הָא דַּאֲמַרַן. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַאי הִיא — (דְּתַנְיָא:) רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן פּוֹטֵר אֶת הָאֶתְרוֹגִים בְּקוֹטְנָן.

It was also taught in the baraita : With regard to an unripe etrog , Rabbi Akiva deems it unfit, and the Rabbis deem it fit. Rabba said: Rabbi Akiva and Rabbi Shimon said one and the same statement. The Gemara elaborates: The statement of Rabbi Akiva is that which we said; an unripe etrog is unfit. Rabbi Shimon, what is his statement? It is as it is taught in a baraita : Rabbi Shimon exempts etrogim from the requirement to be tithed while in their small state. Apparently, Rabbi Shimon, too, holds that an unripe etrog is not a fruit.

Segment 9

אֲמַר לֵיהּ אַבָּיֵי: דִּלְמָא לָא הִיא, עַד כָּאן לָא קָאָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא הָכָא, דְּבָעֵינַן ״הָדָר״ וְלֵיכָּא, אֲבָל הָתָם — כְּרַבָּנַן סְבִירָא לֵיהּ.

Abaye said to Rabba: Perhaps that is not the case and they do not share the same opinion. Rabbi Akiva stated his opinion only here, with regard to an unripe etrog , as we require beauty [ hadar ] in an etrog and there is none in the case of an unripe etrog due to its color or small size; however, there, with regard to tithes, perhaps he holds in accordance with the opinion of the Rabbis that one is obligated to tithe even a half-ripe etrog .

Segment 10

אִי נָמֵי, עַד כָּאן לָא קָאָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן הָתָם, אֶלָּא דִּכְתִיב: ״עַשֵּׂר תְּעַשֵּׂר אֵת כׇּל תְּבוּאַת זַרְעֶךָ״, כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁבְּנֵי אָדָם מוֹצִיאִין לִזְרִיעָה. אֲבָל הָכָא, כְּרַבָּנַן סְבִירָא לֵיהּ.

Alternatively, Rabbi Shimon stated his opinion only there with regard to the exemption of an unripe etrog from tithes, as it is written: “You shall surely tithe all the produce of your planting, which is brought forth in the field year by year” (Deuteronomy 14:22). From that verse it is derived that the obligation to tithe applies only to produce that has developed to the point where it is typical for people to take it out to the field for sowing; one is not obligated to tithe unripe fruit that is not suitable for planting. However, perhaps here he holds in accordance with the opinion of the Rabbis, who disagree with Rabbi Akiva and would deem an unripe etrog fit.

Sukkah 36a

Sukkah 36a

Rashi

Tosafot

Rabbeinu Chananel

Ritva

Meiri

Maharam

Penei Yehoshua

Chiddushei Rabbi Akiva Eiger

What this page contains

Continue the sequence

Parallel sources

Lessons and study tools

Sages named on this page

Original text