Shekalim 3b

משנה: אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאָמְרוּ אֵין מְמַשְׁכְּנִין נָשִׁים וַעֲבָדִים וּקְטַנִּים אֲבָל אִם שָׁקְלוּ מְקַבְּלִין מִיָּדָם. הַנָּכְרִי וְהַכּוּתִי שֶׁשָּׁקְלוּ אֵין מְקַבְּלִין מִיָּדָן. וְאֵין מְקַבְּלִין מִיָּדָן קִינֵּי זָבִין וְקִינֵּי זָבוֹת וְקִינֵּי יוֹלְדוֹת וְחַטָּאוֹת וַאֲשָׁמוֹת. זֶה הַכְּלָל כָּל שֶׁהוּא נִידָּר וְנִידָּב מְקַבְּלִין מִיָּדָן. כָּל שֶׁאֵין לֹא נִידָּר וְלֹא נִידָּב אֵין מְקַבְּלִין מִיָּדָן. וְכֵן מְפוֹרָשׁ עַל יְדֵי עֶזְרָא לֹא לָכֶם וְלָנוּ לִבְנוֹת בַּיִת לֵאלֹהֵינוּ: וְאֵילּוּ חַיָיבִין בַּקּוֹלָּבּוֹן לְוִיִים וְיִשְׂרְאֵלִים וְגֵרִים וַעֲבָדִים מְשׁוּחְרָרִין. אֲבָל לֹא כֹּהֲנִים וְלֹא נָשִׁים וְלֹא עֲבָדִים וְלֹא קְטַנִּים. הַשּׁוֹקֵל עַל יַד הָעֶבֶד עַל יַד הָאִשָּׁה עַל יַד הַכֹּהֵן עַל יַד הַקָטָן פָּטוּר. עַל יָדוֹ וְעַל יַד חֲבֵרוֹ חַיָיב בְּקוֹלָּבּוֹן אֶחָד. רִבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר שְׁנֵי קוֹלָּבּוֹנוֹת. נָתַן סֶלַע לִיטּוֹל שֶׁקֶל חַיָיב שְׁנֵי קוֹלָּבּוֹנוֹת: הַשּׁוֹקֵל עַל יַד עָנִי ועַל יַד שְׁכֵינוֹ עַל יַד בֶּן עִירוֹ פָּטוּר אִם הִלְוָום חַיָיב. הָאַחִין הַשּׁוּתָפִין שֶׁחַיָיבִין בַּקּוֹלָּבּוֹן פְּטוּרִין מִמַּעֲשֵׂר בְּהֵמָה וְשֶׁחַיָיבִין בְּמַעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה פְּטוּרִין מִן הַקּוֹלָּבּוֹן. כַּמָּה הוּא קוֹלָּבּוֹן מָעָה כֶּסֶף דִּבְרֵי רִבִּי מֵאִיר וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים חֲצִי מָעָה.

Rebbi Joḥanan said, at the start 131 At the start of building the Temple, the situation described in the verse from Ezra . While the verse refers to Samaritans, the discussion here is about Gentile offerings. one accepts from them neither definite objects nor non-definite objects 132 After the building was finished and funds are needed for its continual upkeep. , and at the end one accepts from them definite objects but not non-definite objects 133 Since the Torah clearly accepts Gentile sacrifices, Lev. 22:25 , one also has to accept vessels or other objects inscribed with the Gentile donor’s name. But unspecified moneys for the continual upkeep of the Temple are reserved for and are a duty upon Jews. . Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish said, both at the beginning and at the end one accepts from them neither definite objects nor non-definite objects. A baraita 134 Tosephta 1:7 , Sifra Emor Parashah 7(2 ), Babli Menaḥot 73b ; cf. Nazir 9:1 Note 8 . disagrees with Rebbi Joḥanan: “One does not accept from them voluntary gifts for Temple property for the upkeep of the Temple.” He explains it, both at the start and at the end, if it is for non-definite objects. A Mishnah 135 Mishnah Arakhin 1:3 , where R. Meïr and R. Jehudah disagree about the status of a Gentile with respect to the rules detailed in Lev. 27:2–8 . disagrees with Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish: Everybody agrees that they make vows and are objects of vows 136 Since a voluntary sacrifice must be vowed to the Temple before it can be offered, Lev. 22:25 clearly implies that a Gentile’s vows are valid in a Jewish setting. It is stated that a Jew may make a vow whose object is a Gentile or which is conditioned on the actions of a Gentile. . He explains it for elevation offerings 137 These are the only sacrifices which a Gentile unquestionably is able to bring. It is difficult to see how he could bring a well-being offering which as a family sacrifice has to be consumed by the pure family members. The Gentile, being biblically unable to be impure, cannot biblically be pure either. . One understands that he makes a vow to bring an elevation offering. Can he be the object of a vow for an elevation offering? No, if an Israel says, I undertake to bring an elevation offering, when a Gentile hears him and says, I am undertaking what he says 138 While the Gentile is not the passive object of a vow, his vow is subsidiary to the Jew’s. . Does he not bring libations with it 139 As required by Num . 15:1–15 . ? Is not the excess money given for libations used for vessels of Service? Then it turns out that he brought {money for} a definite object 140 Nobody brings his libations to the Temple; he pays for them in the Temple; they are brought from the Temple’s stores, and the net proceeds are used to buy gold and silver vessels for the Temple. These are objects that could be engraved with the donor’s name. ! Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun objected, did we not state that they may offer their value 141 While not mentioned in Lev. 27:2–8 , in fact this is what money donations to the Temple are used for. ? Are offerings of one’s value not for the upkeep of the Temple 142 The person making the vow of his value is intent to give the money to the worship; what actually is done with the money is not of interest to him. ? It is as you are saying there, his intent was for Heaven; automatically it will be used for the upkeep of the Temple 143 Similarly, the excess money given for libations goes into a big pot where the individual contributions are no longer recognizable; no donor’s plate can be affixed to any vessel bought with such money. ; so here you are saying, his intent was for Heaven; automatically it will be used for vessels of Service. How does Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish treat this? He explains, it is not upon you and us to build our God’s House . Rebbi Ḥilkiah said, Rebbi Simon asked: Does this imply that one does not accept from them 143 Similarly, the excess money given for libations goes into a big pot where the individual contributions are no longer recognizable; no donor’s plate can be affixed to any vessel bought with such money. for an aqueduct, or the city walls, or its towers, because of you have no part, nor rightful claim, nor memorial, in Jerusalem 144 Neh . 2:20 . .

הלכה: אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאָמְרוּ כול׳. הָא לִתְבּוֹעַ אֵינָן תּוֹבְעִין. הָכָא אַתְּ אָמַר. תּוֹבְעִין. וְהָכָא אַתְּ אָמַר. אֵין תּוֹבְעִין כָּאן בְּשֶׁהֵבִיא שְׁתֵּי שְׂעָרוֹת וְכָאן בְּשֶׁלֹּא הֵבִיא שְׁתֵּי שְׂעָרוֹת.

“The following are liable for agio,” etc. The Mishnah is Rebbi Meïr’s, since Rebbi Meïr said, even though his sheqel is not from the Torah, his agio is from the Torah 149 It seems that one has to accept the reading of B and ג : “just as his sheqel is from the Torah” ( Ex. 30:11–16 ). The argument of the concluding aggadah is that the obligation is not to give the value of a half- sheqel of silver (5.7 g), but the exact coin which at this moment is called “ sheqel ” having approximately the historical weight. Then naturally anybody who pays with other coins automatically is required to pay the statutory fee for exchange into the correct coin. . Rebbi Meir is of the opinion that one who gives his sheqel as a piece is not liable for the agio 150 151 , Rebbi Meïr said, like a kind of coin made of fire did the Holy One, praise to Him, bring out from under the Throne of Glory and showed it to Moses. He said to him, this they shall give 152 Ex. 30:13 . , like this they shall give.

הַנָּכְרִי וְהַכּוּתִי שֶׁשָּׁקְלוּ אֵין מְקַבְּלִין מִיָּדָן. אָמַר רִבִּי בָּא. תִּיפְתָּר כְּמָאן דְּאָמַר. כּוּתִי כְגוֹי. דְּאִיתפַּלְּגוֹן. כּוּתִי כְגוֹי. דִּבְרֵי רִבִּי. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר. כּוּתִי כְיִשְׂרָאֵל לְכָל דָּבָר.

“He who gives a tetradrachma to receive back a sheqel is liable for two agios.” Rebbi Eleazar said, it is Rebbi Meïr’s, as Rebbi Meïr said, one for the sheqel which he gives and one for the tetradrachma 153 With the other two sources, read: sheqel . which he takes. Rav said, it is everybody’s opinion, one for the sheqel which he [gives, one for the sheqel which he] 154 Addition by the corrector following B; this has to be deleted since it makes the question about Rav unnecessary. takes, and one for the words of the Torah 155 Rav insists that anybody who pays with any coin other than a didrachma first has to pay the regular fee for the money changer (into the money changer’s pocket) and then an additional agio (into the Temple’s treasury) for not presenting a didrachma; cf. Tosephta 1:8 , end. According to him, the κολλυβιστής “agio collector” in the Temple ( Matt . 21:12) collected the agio for the Temple treasury and with good reason is not called τραπεζίτης “money changer”. . In Rav’s opinion, are there three agios? There came Rebbi Jeremiah, Rebbi Samuel bar Rav Isaac in the name of Rav: There are three agios, one for the sheqel which he gives, one for the sheqel which he takes, and one for the words of the Torah.

אָמַר רִבִּי לָעְזָר. מַתְנִיתָא בַגּוֹיִם. הָא בַכּוּתִים לֹא. וְתַנֵּי כֵן. אָדָם. לְרַבּוֹת אֶת הַגֵּרִים. מִכֶּם. לְהוֹצִיא אֶת הַמְשׁוּמָּדִים. מַתְנִיתָא פְלִיגָא עַל רִבִּי אֶלְעָזָר. אֵין מְקַבְּלִין מִיָּדָם קִינֵּי זָבִין קִינֵּי זָבוֹת וְקִינֵּי יוֹלְדוֹת. וְכִי יֵשׁ קִינֵּי זָבִין וְזָבוֹת בַגּוֹיִם. אֶלָּא רֵישָׁא בַגּוֹיִם וְסֵיפָא בַכּוּתִים. וְהָא כֵינִי. רֵישָׁא בַגּוֹיִם וְסֵיפָא בַכּוּתִים.

Brothers or partners who are liable for the agio and not liable for animal tithe,” if they distributed and then formed a partnership; “if they are liable for animal tithe and not liable for the agio,” if they never distributed.

אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. כַּתְּחִילָּה אֵין מְקַבְּלִין מֵהֶן לֹא דָבָר מְסוּיָים וְלֹא דָבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְסוּיָים. וּבַסּוֹף מְקַבְּלִין מֵהֶן דָּבָר מְסוּיָים וְאֵין מְקַבְּלִין מֵהֶן דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְסוּיָים. רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ אָמַר. בֵּין בַתְּחִילָּה בֵין בַּסּוֹף אֵין מְקַבְּלִין מֵהֶן לֹא דָבָר מְסוּיָים וְלֹא דָבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְסוּיָים. מַתְנִיתָא פְלִיגָא עַל רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. אֵין מְקַבְּלִין מֵהֶן הֶקְדֵּשׁ נְדָבָה לְבֶדֶק הַבַּיִת. פָּתַר לָהּ בֵּין בַתְּחִילָּה בֵין בַּסּוֹף וּבִלְבַד דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְסוּיָים. מַתְנִיתָא פְלִיגָא עַל רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ. הַכֹּל שָׁוִין שֶׁהֵן נוֹדְרִין וְנִידָּרִין. פָּתַר לָהּ עוֹלָה. נִיחָא נוֹדְרִים עוֹלָה. נִידָּרִים עוֹלָה. לֹא. בְּשֶׁאָמַר יִשְׂרָאֵל הֲרֵי עָלַי עוֹלָה. וּשְׂמָעוֹ גוֹי וְאָמַר. מַה שֶׁאָמַר זֶה עָלַי. וְאֵינוֹ מֵבִיא עִמָּהּ נְסָכִים. וּמוֹתַר נְסָכִים לֹא לִכְלֵי שָׁרֵת אִינּוּן. נִמְצָא מֵבִיא דָבָר מְסוּיָים. הָתִיב רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּירִבִּי בּוּן. וְהָא תַנִּינָן נֶעֱרָכִין. וָעֲרָכִין לֹא לְבֶדֶק הַבַּיִת אִינּוּן. הֵיךְ מַה דְאַתְּ אָמַר תַּמָּן. לַשָׁמַיִם הוא מִתְכַּוֵּין וּמֵאֵילֵיהֶן הֵן בָּאִין לְבֶדֶק הַבַּיִת. כֵּן אַתְּ אָמַר אַף הָכָא. לַשָׁמַיִם הוא מִתְכַּוֵּין וּמֵאֵילֵיהֶן הֵן בָּאִין לִכְלֵי שָׁרֵת. מַה עֲבַד לָהּ רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ. פָּתַר לָהּ לֹא לָכֶם וְלָנוּ לִבְנוֹת בַּיִת לֵאלֹהֵינוּ. רִבִּי חִלְקִיָּה אָמַר. רִבִּי סִימוֹן שָׁאַל. מֵעַתָּה אֵין מְקַבְּלִין מֵהֶן [לָ]אַמַּת הַמָּיִם וּ[לְ]חוֹמַת הָעִיר וּמִגְדְּלוֹתֶיהָ. עַל שֵׁם וְלְכֶם אֵין חֵלֶק וּצְדָקָה וְזִכָּרוֹן בִּירוּשָׁלָ͏ִם.

“A person who pays the sheqel for a poor person,” etc. Rebbi Eleazar said, only if they counted lambs against rams and rams against lambs, but if they counted lambs against lambs and rams against rams, it was his part from the first hour. Rebbi Joḥanan said, even if they counted lambs against lambs and rams against rams, they are like buyers 159 R. Eleazar accords them the state of partnership only it there was a genuine distribution of the estate before the new partnership was entered into; if the estate was left untouched and each son got a proportional share of everything, it remains an estate. R. Joḥanan holds that the formal establishment of a partnership is all that is needed. Here “property” means not only real estate but everything not livestock. Babli Bekhorot 56b . , as we have stated there 160 Mishnah Bekhorot 9:3 . : “The buyer or recipient of a gift is not liable for animal tithe. Rebbi Ḥizkiah 161 The reading of ג “Ḥilkiah” has to be rejected since the latter was not a student of R. Jeremiah. said that Rebbi Jeremiah asked: And why are we not saying that sometimes they are liable for both and sometimes they are not liable for either. How is this done? If they distributed the properties and afterwards distributed the animals they are liable for both 162 If the estate was distributed except for livestock and then a partnership formed, they are individually responsible for their sheqels with agio, while the undistributed livestock remains subject to animal tithe even under the new arrangement. . If they distributed the animals and afterwards distributed the properties they are not liable for either. 163 If the livestock was distributed but not the real estate and the cash of the estate, they may continue to pay their sheqels together with one agio while the livestock is under the rules of partnership. Babli Bekhorot 56b . Rebbi Mana said, this holds only if the animals were not a majority, but if the animals were a majority they form the main property 164 The rule of the Mishnah applies even if the cash was never distributed explicitly. . Rebbi Abun said that Rebbi Shammai asked: Because you made them like one person for animal tithe, you made them not liable for agios 165 If the heirs are adults the status of the estate should have no influence on the duty to pay the agio. ? He said to him, no. There is a difference because he is giving a complete tetradrachma 166 Since the estate (here supposed to be property of two brothers) pays for both of them, there is only one transaction and only one fee is due. . Then even if they distributed and then formed a partnership, they should be liable for animal tithe and not liable for the agio 167 If the partnership would pay for them. . But we have stated, “they are liable for the agio, not liable for animal tithe.” Rebbi Abba in the name of Abba bar Rav Huna 168 In the Babli he is mentioned as Rabbah bar Rav Huna. it is the same for two brothers inheriting from their father or two brothers-in-law inheriting from their father-in-law 169 Since in the absence of male offsprings the daughters inherit following the rules for males, all rules for brothers dividing the estate of their father apply to brothers-in-law acting as administrators of their wives’ estates. .

אֵילּוּ חַיָיבִין בַּקּוֹלָּבּוֹן כול׳. מַתְנִיתָא דְרִבִּי מֵאִיר. דְּרִבִּי מֵאִיר אָמַר. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין שִׁקְלוֹ תוֹרָה קוֹלָּבּוֹנוֹ תוֹרָה. סָבַר רִבִּי מֵאִיר בְּנוֹתֵן שִׁקְלוֹ שָׁלֵם שֶׁהוּא פָטוּר מִן הַקּוֹלָּבּוֹן. אָמַר רִבִּי מֵאִיר. כְּמִין מַטְבֵּעַ שֶׁלְאֵשׁ הוֹצִיא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מִתַּחַת כִּסֵּא כְבוֹדוֹ וְהַרְאֲהוּ לְמֹשֶׁה. אְמַר לוֹ. זֶה יִתְּנוּ. כָּזֶה יִתְּנוּ.

נָתַן סֶלַע לִיטּוֹל שֶׁקֶל חַיָיב שְׁנֵי קוֹלָּבּוֹנוֹת. אָמַר רִבִּי לָעְזָר. דְרִבִּי מֵאִיר הִיא. דְרִבִּי מֵאִיר אָמַר. אֶחָד שֶׁקֶל שֶׁהוּא נוֹתֵן וְאֶחָד סֶלַע שֶׁהוּא נוֹטֵל. רַב אָמַר. דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל הִיא. אֶחָד שֶׁקֶל שֶׁהוּא [נוֹתֵן וְאֶחָד שֶׁקֶל שֶׁהוּא] נוֹטֵל וְאֶחָד לִדְבַר תּוֹרָה. עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרַב שְׁלֹשָׁה קוֹלָּבּוֹנוֹת אִינּוּן. אֲתַא רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר רַב יִצְחָק בְּשֵׁם רַב. שְׁלֹשָׁה קוֹלָּבּוֹנוֹת אִינּוּן. אֶחָד שֶׁקֶל שֶׁהוּא נוֹתֵן וְאֶחָד שֶׁקֶל שֶׁהוּא נוֹטֵל וְאֶחָד לִדְבַר תּוֹרָה.

הָאַחִין וְהַשֻּׁתָּפִין שֶׁחַיָיבִין בַּקּוֹלָּבּוֹן וּפְטוּרִין בְּמַּעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה. בְּשֶׁחִלְקוּ וְחָזְרוּ וְנִשְׁתַּתְּפוּ. שֶׁחַיָיבִין בְּמַעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה וּפְטוּרִין מִן הַקּוֹלָּבּוֹן. בְּשֶׁלֹּא חִלְּקוּ.

הַשּׁוֹקֵל עַל יְדֵי עָנִי כול׳. אָמַר רִבִּי לָעְזָר. וְהֵן שֶׁחִלְקוּ גְדָיִים כְּנֶגֶד תְּיָישִׁים וּתְיָישִׁים כְּנֶגֶד גְּדָיִים. אֲבָל אִם חִלְקוּ גְדָיִים כְּנֶגֶד גְּדָיִים וּתְיָישִׁים כְּנֶגֶד תְּיָישִׁים הוּא חֶלְקוֹ מִשָּׁעָה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. וַאֲפִילוּ חִלְקוּ גְדָיִים כְּנֶגֶד גְדָיִים וּתְיָישׁים כְּנֶגֶד תְּיישִׁים כִּלְקוּחוֹת הֵן. כַּהִיא דְתַנִּינָן תַּמָּן. הַלָּקוּחַ וּשֶׁנִּיתַּן לוֹ מַתָּנָה פָּטוּר מִמַּעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה. רִבִּי חִזְקִיָּה אָמַר. רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה בָעֵי. וְלָמָּה לֵי נָן אָמְרִין. פְּעָמִים שֶׁחַיָיבִין בָּזֶה וּבָזֶה וּפְעָמִים שֶׁהֵן פְטוּרִין מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה. הֵיךְ עֲבִידָא. חִלְקוּ אֶת הַנְּכָסִים וְאַחָר כָּךְ חִלְקוּ אֶת הַבְּהֵמָה. חַיָיבִין בָּזֶה וּבָזֶה. חִלְקוּ אֶת הַבְּהֵמָה וְאַחָר כָּךְ חִלְקוּ אֶת הַנְּכָסִים. פְטוּרִין מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה. אָמַר רִבִּי מָנָא. הָדָא דְאַתּ אָמַר. בְּשֶׁלֹּא הָיְתָה הַבְּהֵמָה רוֹב. אֲבָל אִם הָיְתָה הַבְּהֵמָה רוֹב הֵן הֵן עִיקַּר נְכָסָיו. רִבִּי אָבּוּן אָמַר. רִבִּי שַׁמַּי בָעֵי. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁעֲשִׂיתָן [כְּאָדָם אֶחָד] (כְּאֶחָד אָדָם) אֶצֶל מַעֲשֵׂר בְהֵמָה אַתְּ פוֹטְרוֹ מִן הַקּוֹלָּבוֹן. אָמַר לֵיהּ לֹא. שַׁנְיָיה הִיא שֶׁהוּא נוֹתֵן סֶלַע אַחַת שְׁלֵימָה. מֵעַתָּה אֲפִילוּ חִלְּקוּ וְחָזְרוּ וְנִשְׁתַּתְּפוּ חַיָיבִין בְּמַעֲשַׂר בְּהֵמָה וּפְטוּרִין מִן הַקּוֹלָבּוֹן. וְתַנִּינָן. חַיָיבִין בַּקּוֹלָּבּוֹן וּפְטוּרִין מִמַּעֲשַׂר בְּהֵמָה. רִבִּי בָּא בְשֵׁם אַבָּא בַּר רַב הוּנָא. הִיא שְׁנֵי אַחִין שֶׁיָּרְשׁוּ אֶת אֲבִיהֶן הִיא שְׁנֵי גִיסִין שֶׁיָּרְשׁוּ אֶת חֲמֵיהֶן.

לְאֵיכָן הָיוּ הַקּוֹלָּבּוֹנוֹת נוֹפְלִין. רִבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר. לַשְּׁקָלִים. רִבִּי לָעְזָר אוֹמֵר. לִנְדָבָה. רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן הַשְּׁזוּרִי אוֹמֵר. רִיקּוּעֵי זָהָב וְצִיפּוּי לְבֵית קוֹדֶשׁ הַקָּדָשִׁים. בֶּן עַזַּאי אוֹמֵר. שׁולְחָנִין הָיוּ נוֹטְלִין אוֹתָן בִּשְׂכָרָן. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים. לְהוֹצָאַת דְּרָכִים.