Shekalim 18b

משנה: מָעוֹת שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ לִפְנֵי סוֹחֲרֵי בְּהֵמָה לְעוֹלָם מַעֲשֵׂר. וּבְהַר הַבַּיִת חוּלִּין. וּבִירוּשָׁלִַם בִשְׁאָר יְמוֹת הַשָּׁנָה חוּלִּין וּבִשְׁעַת הָרֶגֶל הַכֹּל מַעֲשֵׂר. בָּשָׂר שֶׁנִּמְצָא בָּעֲזָרָה אֵיבָרִים עוֹלוֹת. וַחֲתִיכוֹת חַטָּאוֹת. וּבִירוּשָׁלַיִם זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים. זֶה וָזֶה תְּעוּבַּר צוּרָתוֹ וְיֵצֵא לְבֵית הַשְּרֵפָה. נִמְצָא בַּגְּבוּלִין אֵיבָרִים נְבֵילוֹת וַחֲתִיכוֹת מוּתָּרוֹת. וּבִשְׁעַת הָרֶגֶל שֶׁהַבָּשָׂר מְרוּבֶּה אַף אֵיבָרִין מוּתָּרוֹת:

MISHNAH: Coins found near vendors of animals always are Tithe money 16 Most kosher animals sold in Jerusalem are sold to pilgrims who use their tithe money for their living expenses in Jerusalem. If not all this money is spent during their visit, the remaining coins used to be given to their hosts, to be used to buy food consumed in purity according to the rules of second Tithe. Therefore the presumption is that money in the hand of resident Jerusalemites found near venders of animals for slaughter is Second Tithe money. The finder will have to use the coins according to Tithe standards. . On the Temple Mount, profane. In Jerusalem, during the remainder of the year they are profane, during the holidays everything is Second Tithe. Of meat found in the Temple courtyard, limbs are elevation sacrifices and cuts purification sacrifices 19 Elevation sacrifices have to be dissected into limbs ( Lev. 1:6 , 12 ) before being brought to the altar, but purification sacrifices have to be eaten by the Cohanim in the holy precinct and for this purpose have to be cut into portions. ; in Jerusalem well-being sacrifices 20 Since usually meat in Jerusalem is from a family sacrifice. . In either case it has to lose its shape and be taken out to be disposed of by burning 21 The meat can neither be eaten nor brought to the altar since it might be impure or otherwise disqualified; it cannot be disposed of immediately since it might be pure and qualified. One has to wait until the time allotted for each kind having passed and the meat automatically becoming disqualified; this is the remainder of the day for elevation sacrifices, the remainder of the day plus the following night for purification sacrifices, and the following day for well-being sacrifices. . If it was found in the countryside 26 Palestine outside of Jerusalem and its surroundings. , limbs are carrion 27 Since the butcher did not care to cut it into slices, one must assume that it was notkosher and thrown away for the dogs. , cuts are permitted 28 If there are no sources of non-kosher meat in the neighborhood. . On holidays, when meat is abundant, even limbs are permitted 29 Since for big family meals one may buy whole limbs and cut them after cooking. .

הלכה: לָא צוֹרְכָה דְלָא בְּהַר הַבַּיַת קוֹדֶשׁ. רִבִּי בָּא רִבִּי חִיָיה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. חַזָּקָה שֶׁאֵין הַכֹּהֵן מוֹצִיא מִן הִַלִּישְׁכָּה מָעוֹת עַד שֶׁהוּא מְחַלְלָן עַל הַבְּהֵמָה.

HALAKHAH: Would it not be necessarily holy on the Temple Mount 17 Since it is forbidden to enter the Temple Mount in private business (Mishnah Berakhot 9:8), how can there be a presumption that monies lost there are profane? ? Rebbi Abba, Rebbi Ḥiyya in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: There is a presumption that no Cohen will remove money from the lodge unless it is redeemed by an animal 18 The money legitimately in the hands of private persons on the Temple Mount is money received from the Temple for delivery of goods or services. While the origin of the money is from the Temple, it is legitimately profane in the hands of its owner. .

רִבִּי לָעְזָר בְשֵׁם רִבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָה. הִסִּיעַ דַּעַת טָעוֹן צוּרָה. אָמַר רַב הוֹשַׁעְיָה. מַתְנִיתָה אָמְרָה כֵן. תְּעוּבַּר צוּרָתוֹ וְיֵצֵא לְבֵית הַשְּרֵפָה. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי וְיֵאוּת. לְאוֹכְלוֹ אֵין אַתְּ יָכוֹל שֶׁמָּא נִתְקַלקְלָה צוּרָתוֹ. לְפוּם כֵן צָרַךְ מֵימַר. תְּעוּבַּר צוּרָתוֹ וְיֵצֵא לְבֵית הַשְּרֵפָה.

Rebbi Eleazar in the name of Rebbi Hoshaia: Diversion of attention requires {loss of} shape 22 Sacrificial meat which is left unattended even for a moment cannot be used any more; it has to be kept as is until the time of its sacrificial use has elapsed and then disposed of by burning outside the sacred domain. Babli Pesaḥim 34a . . Rav Hoshaia said, the Mishnah says so, “it has to lose its shape and be taken out to be disposed of by burning.” 23 The rest of this Halakhah is missing in B. Rebbi Yose says, this is correct. You may not eat it for maybe its shape already is lost. <you may not burn it 24 On the altar. for maybe its shape is not lost> 25 Missing in the Leiden text, added from ג . Cf. Note 21 . Therefore it had to say, “it has to lose its shape and be taken out to be disposed of by burning”.

רִבִּי קְרִיסְפָּא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּרִבִּי חֲנֵיִנָה. אֵיבָרִים נְבֵילוֹת לוֹקִין עֲלֵיהֵן מִשֵּׁם נְבֵילָה. מַתְנִיתָא אָמְרָה כֵן. אֵיבָרִים נְבֵלוֹת וַחֲתִיכוֹת מוּתָּרוֹת. חֲתִיכוֹת מוּתָּרוֹת לֹא מַמָּשׁ. וְדִכְוָותָהּ אֵיבָרִים נְבֵילוֹת לוֹקִין עֲלֵיהֵן מִשֵּׁם נְבֵילָה.

30 This Halakhah is missing in B. Rebbi Crispus in the name of Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Ḥanina: One flogs for carrion limbs because of carrion31; and the Mishnah says so: “limbs are carrion, cuts are permitted.” Are cuts not really permitted? And similarly, one flogs for carrion limbs because of carrion.

רִבִּי קְרִיסְפָּא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶּן חֲנִינָה. אִם הָיוּ מְחָרוֹזוֹת מוּתָּרוֹת. תַּשַׁע חֲנוּיוֹת מוֹכְרוֹת בְּשַׂר נְבֵילָה וְאַחַת מוֹכֶרֶת בְּשַׂר שְׁחוּטָה נִתְחַלְּפוּ לוֹ. חוֹשֵׁשׁ. וְלַנִּמְצֵאת הוֹלְכִין אַחַר הָרוֹב. תַּשַׁע חֲנוּיוֹת מוֹכְרוֹת בְּשַׂר שְׁחוּטָה וְאַחַת מוֹכֶרֶת בְּשַׂר נְבֵילָה נִתְחַלְּפוּ לוֹ. חוֹשֵׁשׁ. וְלַנִּמְצֵאת הוֹלְכִין אַחַר הָרוֹב.

Rebbi Crispus in the name of Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Ḥanina: If they were strung they are permitted 32 If all butcher shops in the neighborhood are kosher and all households eat kosher, nobody expends the work to string pieces (or sausages) together if they are not kosher and have to be fed to the dogs. . 33 This sentence is missing in ג and B but there is no reason to doubt its authenticity. Ten stores, nine sell carrion and one sells kosher slaughtered meat, if it was switched, he worries. For what is found, one follows the majority. Ten stores, nine sell kosher slaughtered meat and one sells carrion, if it was switched, he worries 34 In the language of the Babli ( Ketubot 15a ), “anything whose provenience is fromknown fixed sources is considered as 50–50”, and therefore one has to consider the switched package as coming from the store which sells carrion, whether this is one in ten or nine in ten. . For what is found, one follows the majority 35 If a package of meat is found and provenience and buyer are unknown. .

אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. הַנִּמְצָא בְיַד גּוֹי כְּנִמְצָא בַפַּלַּטְיָא. רִבִּי לָעְזָר בֵּירִבִּי חַגַּיי הֲוָה מְסַמֵּךְ לְרִבִּי מָנָא. חֲמָא לְחַד אֲרָמַאי מְקַטֵּעַ מִן סוּסֵיהּ וּמַפִּיק לִבְרָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. הָדָא הִיא דְאָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. הַנִּמְצָא בְיַד גּוֹי כְּנִמְצָא בַפַּלַּטְיָא. אָמַר לֵיהּ. כֵּן אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי רִבִּי. וְהֵן שֶׂרָאוּ אוֹתוֹ יוֹצֵא מִמַּקֻּילִין שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל. חַד בַּר נַשׁ בְּצִיפּוֹרִין אֲזַל בָּעֵי מִיזְבוֹן קוּפָּד מִן טַבְּחָא וְלָא יְהַב לֵיהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ לְחַד רוֹמַיי וְאַיְיתִי לֵיהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. לָא נָסְבִּית עַל כָּרְחֵיהּ. אֲמַר. וְלָאו בְּשַׂר דִּנְבֵילָה יְהָבִית לֵיהּ. רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי חֲנִינָה. מַעֲשֶׂה בָא לִפְנֵי רִבִּי וְאָמַר. לָא כוּלָּא מִינֵּיהּ מֵיסּוֹר מַקֻּילִין דְּצִיפּוֹרִין.

Rebbi Joḥanan said, what is in the hand of a Gentile is as found on a thoroughfare 36 Greek πλατεῑα (sc. ‘οδός) “a wide (road)”. On a thoroughfare the traffic is not local; even if all local shops are kosher, the majority of travelers come from places which are not kosher, and meat found there automatically is forbidden. . Rebbi Eleazar ben Rebbi Ḥaggai was supporting Rebbi Mana. He saw an Aramean cutting from his horse and feeding his son. He said to him, that is what Rebbi Joḥanan said, what is in the hand of a Gentile is as found on a thoroughfare 37 Meat at the disposal of a Gentile automatically is forbidden. . He answered him, so said the great Rebbi Yose 38 R. Yose ben Ḥalafta, the Tanna. : Only 39 That meat in the possession of the Gentile possibly is kosher. if they saw him leaving a Jewish butcher shop 40 Latin macellum . . A man in Sepphoris went and wanted to buy red meat from a butcher, but he did not give to him. He told a Roman, who brought him. He said to him, did I not buy against your will? He retorted, did I not give carrion to him 41 Disproving R. Yose’s statement. The butcher is happy to sell his non-kosher meatto a Gentile since it is worthless for his Jewish clientele. ? Rebbi Jeremiah in the name of Rebbi Ḥanina: A case came before Rebbi who said, it is not believable to forbid the butcher shop of Sepphoris 42 He doubts the genuineness of the story. Since Rebbi Joḥanan lived a generation after Rebbi, his ruling has to be followed. .

רַב נְחַת לְתַמָּן. חַמְתּוֹן מֵקִילוֹן וַחֲמַר עֲלֵיהוֹן. חַד בַּר נַשׁ אֲזַל בָּעֵי מְשִׁיגָּה אֵסְקוֹפְתֵּיהּ בְּגַו נַהֲרָא וְאִינְשִׁתָהּ וַאֲזַל לֵיהּ. חֲזַר בָּעֵי מִיסְבִינֵהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב. אָסִוּר לָךְ. דָּנָא אֲמַר. הַהִיא שְׁטַף נַהֲרָא וְאַיְיתִי חוּרִי דִנְבֵילָה תוֹחְתּוֹי. חַד בַּר נַשׁ הֲוָה מְהַלֵּךְ בְּשׁוּקָא טָעִין קוּפָּד. אֲתַא דַיְיתָא וַחֲטַפְתֵּיהּ מִינֵיהּ וּטְלַקְתֵּיהּ. חֲזַר בָּעֵי מִיסְבִינֵהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב. אֲסִיר לָךְ. דָּנָא אֲמַר. בָּשָׂר דִּנְבֵילָה הֲוָות טְעִינָה וּטְלַקְתֵּיהּ וְנָסְבָת הַהוּא אוֹחְרָנָא.

42a This paragraph, accepting the Babylonian opinion that “meat which was out of sight”, out of control for a moment, is prohibited, annulling the Mishnah here, appears in a different order of the cases in Avodah zarah 2:9, Notes 393-395. The Genizah text here follows the arrangement of Avodah zarah . Rav returned there and saw them taking things lightly and was restrictive with them. A man went to wash a piece of meat in the river. He forgot it and left. Then he went and wanted to sell it. Rav told him, it is forbidden to you, for I am saying the other one was carried away by the river and it brought another piece of carcass meat in its place. A man was carrying meat while walking on the market. There came a vulture, seized it from his hand, and dropped it off. He came back and wanted to sell it. Rav told him, it is forbidden to you, for I am saying that it was carrying carcass meat, dropped it and took the other instead.

גִּינַאי שְׁטַף זִיקִין. אֲתַא עוֹבְדָא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי יִצְחָק בַּר אֶלְעָזָר וְאָמַר. יַחְכְּמוֹן שְׁפַיָיא קִיטְרֵיהוֹן.

נוּקְנִיקָה אִישְׁתַּכַּח בִּכְנִישְׁתָּא דְבוּלֵי. אֲתַא עוֹבְדָא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה. אָמַר. יַחְכְּמוֹן סִיקִיָירִיָּא עֲבִידְתֵּהוֹן.

גְּדִי צְלִי אִישְׁתַּכַּח בְּאִיסְרָטָא דְגוּפְתָּא. וְהִתִּירוּהוּ מִשֵּׁם שְׁנֵי דְבָרִים. מִשֵּׁם מְצִיאָה וּמִשֵּׁם רוֹב מְהַלְּכֵי דְרָכִים. מִשֵּׁם מְצִיאָה. דְּתַנֵּי. הַמַּצִּיל מִיַּד הָאֲרִי מִיַּד הַגַּיִיס מִשּׁוּנַת הַיָּם וּמִשּׁוּנַת הַנָּהָר וּמֵאיסְרַטְיָא גְדוֹלָה וּמִפַּלַּטְיָא גְדוֹלָה הֲרֵי אֵילּוּ שֶׁלּוֹ. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַבְּעָלִים מִתְיַיאֲשִׁין מֵהֶן. מִשֵּׁם רוֹב מְהַלְּכֵי דְרָכִים. מִשֵׁם שְׁחִיטַת הַגּוֹי. וְאִישְּׁתַּכַּח מִן דְּבֵית רִבִּי.

עִיגוּל דְּגוּבְנָא אִישְׁתַּכַּח בְּפוּנְדָּקָא דְּלֵוִי. וְהִתִּירוּהוּ מִשֵּׁם שְׁנֵי דְבָרִים. מִשֵּׁם מְצִיאָה וּמִשֵּׁם רוֹב מְהַלְּכֵי דְרָכִים. מִשֵּׁם מְצִיאָה. דְּתַנֵּי. הַמַּצִּיל מִיַּד הַגַּיִיס מִיַּד הָאֲרִי מִשּׁוּנַת הַיָּם מִשּׁוּנַת הַנָּהָר מֵאִיסְטְרַטְיָה גְדוֹלָה וּמִפַּלַּטְיָא גְדוֹלָה הֲרֵי אֵילּוּ שֶׁלּוֹ. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַבְּעָלִים מִתְיַיאֲשִׁין מֵהֶן. מִשּׁוּם רוֹב מְהַלְּכֵי דְרָכִים. מִשּׁוּם גְּבִינַת גּוֹי. וְאִישְּׁתַּכַּח מִן דְּרִבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֵּירִבִּי יוֹסֵי.

אָמַר רִבִּי מָנָא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. וַאֲנָן חָמְיָין רַבָּנִן מַכְרִזִין. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. [אִין אַתְּ] הֲוִויתָה מַשְׁכַּח לָא נָסְבָת. רִבִּי יוֹנָה אָבוּךְ לֹֹא אָמַר כֵּן אֶלָּא אָמַר. הַלְּוַאי כַּד נַשְׁכַּח נַשְׁכַּח מִן פִיּוֹסְרוֹס וּלְגֵיו. אֲפִילוּ כֵן אַשְׁכַּח וְלָא נְסַב.