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Eruvin 65a

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Babylonian Talmud · folio map

Eruvin 65a

Eruvin 65a. The full printed text of this folio side — 21 numbered segments, about 454 words — with the classic commentaries printed on the page.

Original text

Segment 1

יָכוֹל אֲנִי לִפְטוֹר אֶת כָּל הָעוֹלָם כּוּלּוֹ מִן הַדִּין מִיּוֹם שֶׁחָרַב בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ וְעַד עַכְשָׁיו, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״לָכֵן שִׁמְעִי נָא זֹאת עֲנִיָּיהּ וּשְׁכוּרַת וְלֹא מִיָּיִן״.

I can make an argument that exempts the entire world from judgment, from the day that the Temple was destroyed until now. As it is stated: “Therefore, hear now this, you afflicted and drunken, but not from wine” (Isaiah 51:21), which teaches that in the wake of the destruction of the Temple, all Jews are considered intoxicated and are not responsible for any sins they commit.

Segment 2

מֵיתִיבִי: שִׁיכּוֹר מִקָּחוֹ מִקָּח, וּמִמְכָּרוֹ מִמְכָּר. עָבַר עֲבֵירָה שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ מִיתָה — מְמִיתִין אוֹתוֹ, מַלְקוֹת — מַלְקִין אוֹתוֹ. כְּלָלוֹ שֶׁל דָּבָר: הֲרֵי הוּא כְּפִיקֵּחַ לְכׇל דְּבָרָיו, אֶלָּא שֶׁפָּטוּר מִן הַתְּפִלָּה.

The Gemara raises an objection to this argument from the following baraita : With regard to one who is intoxicated, his acquisition is a binding acquisition; that is, he cannot retract the transaction when he is sober, and similarly, his sale is a binding sale. Moreover, if he committed a transgression for which he is liable to receive the death penalty, he is executed; and if the offense is punishable by lashes, he is flogged. The principle is that he is like a sober person in all matters, except that he is exempt from prayer. Therefore, even if the people of Israel are considered drunk, they are nonetheless responsible for their actions.

Segment 3

מַאי ״יָכוֹלְנִי לִפְטוֹר״ דְּקָאָמַר נָמֵי — מִדִּין תְּפִלָּה.

The Gemara answers that even Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya did not mean that they should be exempt from liability for all their sins. Rather, what is the meaning of his statement: I can exempt? He, too, meant that he could exempt them from the judgment of prayer, i.e., Jews cannot be held liable for praying without the proper intentions.

Segment 4

אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא: לֹא שָׁנוּ אֶלָּא שֶׁלֹּא הִגִּיעַ לְשִׁכְרוּתוֹ שֶׁל לוֹט, אֲבָל הִגִּיעַ לְשִׁכְרוּתוֹ שֶׁל לוֹט — פָּטוּר מִכּוּלָּם.

Rabbi Ḥanina said: They taught that an intoxicated person is responsible for all his actions only in a case where he did not reach the state of intoxication of Lot; however, if he reached the state of intoxication of Lot, so that he is altogether unaware of his actions, he is exempt from all liability.

Segment 5

אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא: כׇּל הַמֵּפִיק מָגֵן בִּשְׁעַת גַּאֲוָה, סוֹגְרִין וְחוֹתְמִין צָרוֹת בַּעֲדוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״גַּאֲוָה אֲפִיקֵי מָגִנִּים סָגוּר חוֹתָם צָר״.

Rabbi Ḥanina said: Whoever passes a shield over himself at a time of arrogance, i.e., whoever suppresses his evil inclination as though it were covered with a shield when he is arrogant, e.g., when he is intoxicated or the like (Rabbeinu Ḥananel), troubles will be closed and sealed from him, as it is stated: “The channels of [ afikei ] his scales are his pride, closed together as with a tight [ tzar ] seal” (Job 41:7). The verse is interpreted homiletically: When at a time of arrogance a person passes a shield [ mapik ] over his evil inclination, his troubles [ tzarot ] will be closed and sealed before him.

Segment 6

מַאי מַשְׁמַע דְּהַאי ״אָפִיק״ לִישָּׁנָא דְעַבּוֹרֵי הוּא? דִּכְתִיב: ״אַחַי בָּגְדוּ כְמוֹ נָחַל כַּאֲפִיק נְחָלִים יַעֲבוֹרוּ״.

The Gemara poses a question: From where may it be inferred that the meaning of this word afik is a formulation denoting passing [ aborei ]? The Gemara answers: As it is written: “My brothers have dealt deceitfully like a wadi, like the channel [ afik ] of brooks that pass by [ ya’avoru ]” (Job 6:15). This implies that the term afik is synonymous with the verb ya’avoru , which refers to something that travels and passes by.

Segment 7

רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר: ״כֹּל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מֵפִיק״ אִתְּמַר.

Rabbi Yoḥanan said: This is not the correct interpretation; rather, it was stated that whoever does not cover, but draws out [ mapik ] a shield at a time of arrogance, troubles will be closed and sealed from him. In other words, a person must draw his weapons and shield in order to fight his evil inclination when it tries to overpower him (Rabbeinu Ḥananel).

Segment 8

מַאי מַשְׁמַע דְּהַאי ״מֵפִיק״ לִישָּׁנָא דְגַלּוֹיֵי הוּא? דִּכְתִיב: ״וַיֵּרָאוּ אֲפִיקֵי מַיִם וַיִּגָּלוּ מוֹסְדוֹת תֵּבֵל״.

The Gemara poses a question: From where may it be inferred that this word mapik is a formulation denoting revealing? The Gemara answers: As it is written: “The channels of [ afikei ] waters were seen, and the foundations of the world were laid bare” (Psalms 18:16).

Segment 9

מִכְּדֵי, קְרָאֵי מַשְׁמַע בֵּין לְמָר וּבֵין לְמָר, מַאי בֵּינַיְיהוּ? אִיכָּא בֵּינַיְיהוּ דְּרַב שֵׁשֶׁת. דְּרַב שֵׁשֶׁת מָסַר שִׁינְתֵּיהּ לְשַׁמָּעֵיהּ. מָר אִית לֵיהּ דְּרַב שֵׁשֶׁת, וּמָר לֵית לֵיהּ דְּרַב שֵׁשֶׁת.

The Gemara asks: Now, since the verses may be interpreted both in accordance with the opinion of this Master and in accordance with the opinion of the other Master, what is the practical difference between them? The Gemara answers: The practical difference between them is with regard to the following practice of Rav Sheshet, as Rav Sheshet gave the responsibility for monitoring his sleep to his attendant, instructing the attendant to wake him when the time for prayer arrived. One Sage, Rabbi Ḥanina, is of the opinion that the practice of Rav Sheshet is correct, as Rabbi Ḥanina maintains that if one is in great need of sleep, it is better to nap for a while and then wake up with renewed vigor. And one Sage, Rabbi Yoḥanan, is not of the opinion that the practice of Rav Sheshet is correct. He holds that a person must marshal his strength and pray, rather than succumb to the need for sleep.

Segment 10

אָמַר רַב חִיָּיא בַּר אָשֵׁי אָמַר רַב: כֹּל שֶׁאֵין דַּעְתּוֹ מְיוּשֶּׁבֶת עָלָיו אַל יִתְפַּלֵּל, מִשּׁוּם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״בְּצָר אַל יוֹרֶה״. רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בְּיוֹמָא דְּרָתַח לָא מְצַלֵּי, אָמַר: ״בְּצָר אַל יוֹרֶה״ כְּתִיב. מָר עוּקְבָא בְּיוֹמָא דְשׁוּתָא לָא הֲוָה נָפֵיק לְבֵי דִינָא.

Rav Ḥiyya bar Ashi said that Rav said: Anyone whose mind is unsettled should not pray, as it is stated: When distressed, one should not issue decisions. The Gemara relates that Rabbi Ḥanina, on a day that he was angry, would not pray, as he said that it is written: When distressed, one should not issue decisions. The Gemara similarly relates that Mar Ukva, on a day of a south wind, would not venture out to the court, for this hot and harsh wind would disturb his usual clarity of mind.

Segment 11

אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק: הִלְכְתָא בָּעֲיָא צִילּוּתָא כְּיוֹמָא דְאִסְתָּנָא. אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: אִי אָמְרָה לִי אֵם קָרֵיב כּוּתָּחָא — לָא תְּנַאי.

Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: The study of halakha requires clarity, as on a day when a north wind blows and clears the skies. Abaye said similarly that if my stepmother says to me: Bring me a dish of kutaḥ , I can no longer study Torah in my usual fashion, as even a simple task such as this troubles me and distracts me from my Torah study.

Segment 12

אָמַר רָבָא: אִי קְרַצְתַּן כִּינָּה לָא תְּנַאי. מָר בְּרֵיהּ דְּרָבִינָא עֲבַדָה לֵיהּ אִמֵּיהּ שִׁבְעָה מָנֵי לְשִׁבְעָה יוֹמֵי.

Similarly, Rava said: If I am bitten by a louse, I can no longer learn in my usual manner. The Gemara relates that the mother of Mar, son of Ravina, would prepare seven garments for him for the seven days of the week, so that he would not be bitten by the lice found in old clothes (Rabbeinu Ḥananel).

Segment 13

אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה: לָא אִיבְּרִי לֵילְיָא אֶלָּא לְשִׁינְתָּא. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ: לָא אִיבְּרִי סֵיהֲרָא אֶלָּא לְגִירְסָא. אָמְרִי לֵיהּ לְרַבִּי זֵירָא: מְחַדְּדָן שְׁמַעְתָּךְ. אֲמַר לְהוּ: דִּימָמֵי נִינְהוּ.

Rav Yehuda said: Night was created only for sleep. Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish said: The moon was created only for Torah study by its light. When people said to Rabbi Zeira: Your teachings are exceedingly sharp, he said to them: They were formulated during the daytime hours. This teaches that Torah study during the day is most beneficial to clarity of the mind.

Segment 14

אֲמַרָה לֵיהּ בַּרְתֵּיהּ דְּרַב חִסְדָּא לְרַב חִסְדָּא: לָא בָּעֵי מָר מֵינַם פּוּרְתָּא? אֲמַר לַהּ: הַשְׁתָּא אָתוּ יוֹמֵי דַּאֲרִיכֵי וְקַטִּינֵי, וְנֵינוּם טוּבָא.

Rav Ḥisda’s daughter said to her father, Rav Ḥisda, who would spend his nights in study: Doesn’t the Master wish to sleep a little? He said to her: Days that are long in quantity but short in the opportunity to study Torah and perform mitzvot will soon arrive, and we will sleep a lot. After I die, there will be more than enough time for sleep.

Segment 15

אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק: אֲנַן פּוֹעֲלֵי דִּימָמֵי אֲנַן. רַב אַחָא בַּר יַעֲקֹב יָזֵיף וּפָרַע.

Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: We, Torah scholars, are day workers, as our study is performed primarily during the day. The Gemara relates that Rav Aḥa bar Ya’akov would borrow and repay, i.e., if for some reason he neglected to study during the day, he would use the night hours to compensate for the missed time.

Segment 16

אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר: הַבָּא מִן הַדֶּרֶךְ, אַל יִתְפַּלֵּל שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וָאֶקְבְּצֵם אֶל הַנָּהָר הַבָּא אֶל אַחֲוָא וַנַּחֲנֶה שָׁם יָמִים שְׁלֹשָׁה וָאָבִינָה בָּעָם וְגוֹ׳״.

Rabbi Elazar said: One who returns home from a journey should not pray for three days while recovering from the hardship of being on the road, as it is stated: “And I gathered them together at the river that runs to Aḥava, and we encamped there for three days, and I inspected the people” (Ezra 8:15), after which it is stated: “Then I proclaimed a fast there, at the river of Aḥava, that we might afflict ourselves before our God, to seek of Him a safe journey for us” (Ezra 8:21), which teaches that they rested three days before praying.

Segment 17

אֲבוּהּ דִּשְׁמוּאֵל, כִּי אָתֵי בְּאוֹרְחָא, לָא מְצַלֵּי תְּלָתָא יוֹמֵי. שְׁמוּאֵל לָא מְצַלֵּי בְּבֵיתָא דְּאִית בֵּיהּ שִׁיכְרָא. רַב פָּפָּא לָא מְצַלֵּי בְּבֵיתָא דְּאִית בֵּיהּ הַרְסָנָא.

The Gemara relates that Shmuel’s father, when he would return home from his journey, would not pray for three days, as he would have to rest from his journey. Shmuel himself would not pray in a house that contained an alcoholic beverage, as the scent of the alcohol would disturb his concentration during prayer. Similarly, Rav Pappa would not pray in a house that contained small fried fish, due to their smell.

Segment 18

אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא: כׇּל הַמִּתְפַּתֶּה בְּיֵינוֹ — יֵשׁ בּוֹ מִדַּעַת קוֹנוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וַיָּרַח ה׳ אֶת רֵיחַ הַנִּיחוֹחַ וְגוֹ׳״.

Rabbi Ḥanina said: Whoever is appeased by his wine, i.e., whoever becomes more relaxed after drinking, has in him an element of the mind-set of his Creator, who acted in a similar fashion, as it is stated: “And the Lord smelled the sweet savor, and the Lord said in His heart, I will not again curse the ground any more for man’s sake” (Genesis 8:21). As it were, God acted more favorably toward His creatures after He was appeased with the smell of the burnt offerings. Smell can be as potent as drinking or eating itself.

Segment 19

אָמַר רַבִּי חִיָּיא: כׇּל הַמִּתְיַישֵּׁב בְּיֵינוֹ — יֵשׁ בּוֹ דַּעַת שִׁבְעִים זְקֵנִים. ״יַיִן״ נִיתַּן בְּשִׁבְעִים אוֹתִיּוֹת, וְ״סוֹד״ נִיתַּן בְּשִׁבְעִים אוֹתִיּוֹת. נִכְנַס יַיִן — יָצָא סוֹד.

Rabbi Ḥiyya said: Anyone who remains settled of mind after drinking wine, and does not become intoxicated, has an element of the mind-set of seventy Elders. The allusion is: Wine [ yayin spelled yod , yod , nun ] was given in seventy letters, as the numerological value of the letters comprising the word is seventy, as yod equals ten and nun equals fifty. Similarly, the word secret [ sod spelled samekh , vav , dalet ] was given in seventy letters, as samekh equals sixty, vav equals six, and dalet equals four. Typically, when wine entered the body, a secret emerged. Whoever does not reveal secrets when he drinks is clearly blessed with a firm mind, like that of seventy Elders.

Segment 20

אָמַר רַבִּי חָנִין: לֹא נִבְרָא יַיִן אֶלָּא לְנַחֵם אֲבֵלִים וּלְשַׁלֵּם שָׂכָר לָרְשָׁעִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״תְּנוּ שֵׁכָר לְאוֹבֵד וְגוֹ׳״.

Rabbi Ḥanin said: Wine was created only in order to comfort mourners in their distress, and to reward the wicked in this world so they will have no reward left in the World-to-Come, as it is stated: “Give strong drink to him that is ready to perish, and wine to the bitter of soul. Let him drink, and forget his poverty, and remember his misery no more” (Proverbs 31:6). “Him that is ready to perish” refers to the wicked, who will perish from the world, while “the bitter of soul” denotes mourners.

Segment 21

אָמַר רַבִּי חָנִין בַּר פָּפָּא: כׇּל שֶׁאֵין יַיִן נִשְׁפָּךְ בְּתוֹךְ בֵּיתוֹ כַּמַּיִם — אֵינוֹ בִּכְלַל בְּרָכָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וּבֵרַךְ אֶת לַחְמְךָ וְאֶת מֵימֶיךָ״. מָה לֶחֶם שֶׁנִּיקָּח בְּכֶסֶף מַעֲשֵׂר — אַף מַיִם שֶׁנִּיקָּח בְּכֶסֶף מַעֲשֵׂר, וּמַאי נִיהוּ — יַיִן, וְקָא קָרֵי לֵיהּ מַיִם.

Rabbi Ḥanin bar Pappa said: Anyone in whose house wine does not flow like water is not yet included in the Torah’s blessing, as it is stated: “And He shall bless your bread and your water” (Exodus 23:25). The water mentioned in this verse actually refers to wine, as learned in the following manner: Just as bread is something that may be purchased with second- tithe money, i.e., one is permitted to buy bread with money used to redeem second-tithe, so too the word water in the verse is referring to a liquid that may be purchased with second- tithe money. And what is that? It is wine, as one may buy wine with second-tithe money, but one may not buy water; and nevertheless, the verse calls it “water.”

Eruvin 65a

Eruvin 65a

Rashi

Tosafot

Rabbeinu Chananel

Rashba

Ritva

Meiri

Maharsha (Chidushei Halachot)

Gilyon HaShas

Ben Yehoyada

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