Zevachim 83a

וְהוֹצִיאוֹ לַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְהִכְנִיסָן, מַהוּ?

and then brought out the blood to the golden altar in the Sanctuary and sprinkled the blood there, as required (see Leviticus 16:18), but subsequently brought the remainder of the blood in toward the Curtain dividing the Sanctuary from the Holy of Holies, what is the halakha ?

הָכָא וַדַּאי חַד מָקוֹם הוּא, אוֹ [דִילְמָא] יְצִיאָה קָרֵינָא בֵּיהּ? תֵּיקוּ.

Rava explains the sides of the dilemma: Do we say that here the area of the Curtain and the golden altar is certainly one place, as they are both in the Sanctuary, and therefore the blood should not be disqualified by being brought back toward the Curtain? Or perhaps, since we call the taking of the blood to the golden altar: Going out, in the verse: “And he shall go out unto the altar” (Leviticus 16:18), its return to the Curtain should be considered bringing in, and therefore the blood should be disqualified? No answers were found, and therefore the Gemara states that these dilemmas shall stand unresolved.

נִכְנַס לְכַפֵּר. תַּנְיָא, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: נֶאֱמַר כָּאן ״לְכַפֵּר בַּקֹּדֶשׁ״, וְנֶאֱמַר לְהַלָּן ״וְכׇל אָדָם לֹא יִהְיֶה בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד בְּבֹאוֹ לְכַפֵּר בַּקֹּדֶשׁ״;

§ The mishna teaches that the Sages disagree as to the halakha in a case where the priest carrying the blood of a sin offering whose blood placement is on the external altar entered the Sanctuary to atone through sprinkling, but in practice the priest did not actually sprinkle the blood. According to Rabbi Eliezer the blood is disqualified, whereas Rabbi Shimon maintains that the blood is disqualified only if the priest sprinkles it in the Sanctuary. Concerning this, it is taught in a baraita that Rabbi Eliezer says: It is stated here: “And any sin offering, whereof any of the blood is brought into the Tent of Meeting to atone in the Sanctuary, shall not be eaten” (Leviticus 6:23), and it is stated there, with regard to the service of the High Priest on Yom Kippur: “And there shall be no man in the Tent of Meeting when he goes in to atone in the Sanctuary, until he comes out” (Leviticus 16:17).

מָה לְהַלָּן בְּשֶׁלֹּא כִּיפֵּר, אַף כָּאן בְּשֶׁלֹּא כִּיפֵּר.

Rabbi Eliezer explains: Just as there, with regard to Yom Kippur, the phrase “when he goes in to atone” is referring to the stage when he has not yet atoned, so too here, with regard to the disqualification of blood brought inside the Sanctuary, the phrase “to atone in the Sanctuary” is referring to a situation where the blood enters the Sanctuary at a time when the priest has not yet atoned.

רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: נֶאֱמַר כָּאן ״לְכַפֵּר״, וְנֶאֱמַר לְהַלָּן ״וְאֵת פַּר הַחַטָּאת וְאֶת שְׂעִיר הַחַטָּאת אֲשֶׁר הוּבָא אֶת דָּמָם לְכַפֵּר״; מָה לְהַלָּן בְּשֶׁכִּיפֵּר, אַף כָּאן בְּשֶׁכִּיפֵּר.

Conversely, Rabbi Shimon says: It is stated here: “To atone” (Leviticus 6:23), and it is stated there, with regard to the conclusion of the service on Yom Kippur: “And the bull of the sin offering and the goat of the sin offering, whose blood was brought in to atone in the Sanctuary, shall be taken outside the camp, and they shall burn in the fire” (Leviticus 16:27). Just as there, the phrase “to atone” is referring to the stage when he has already atoned, as the bull and goat of Yom Kippur are burned after their blood has been sprinkled, so too here, the phrase “to atone” is referring to a situation where he has already atoned, whereas merely bringing the blood into the Sanctuary does not disqualify it.

בְּמַאי קָמִיפַּלְגִי? מָר סָבַר: דָּנִין חוּץ מִחוּץ, וְאֵין דָּנִין חוּץ מִבִּפְנִים;

The Gemara inquires: With regard to what principle do Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Shimon disagree? The Gemara explains that one Sage, Rabbi Eliezer, holds that one derives a case of outside, i.e., the blood of a sin offering whose blood placement is on the external altar, which may not be brought inside the Sanctuary, from another prohibition of outside, the prohibition against entering the Sanctuary; but one does not derive a case of outside from the bull and goat of Yom Kippur, whose blood is brought inside the Sanctuary.

וּמָר סָבַר: דָּנִין בְּהֵמָה מִבְּהֵמָה, וְאֵין דָּנִין בְּהֵמָה מֵאָדָם.

And one Sage, Rabbi Shimon, holds that one derives a halakha involving an animal, i.e., a sin offering whose blood placement is on the external altar, from another halakha involving an animal, the bull and goat of Yom Kippur; but one does not derive a case of an animal from a prohibition involving a person.

רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר כּוּ׳. הָא מֵזִיד – פָּסוּל; בְּשֶׁכִּיפֵּר אוֹ בְּשֶׁלֹּא כִּיפֵּר?

§ The mishna teaches that Rabbi Yehuda says: If the priest took the blood into the Sanctuary unwittingly, the blood remains fit for presentation. The Gemara infers: But if his taking of the blood into the Sanctuary was intentional, it is disqualified. The Gemara analyzes this halakha : Is the blood disqualified only in a case where he took the blood into the Sanctuary and atoned, by sprinkling it inside the Sanctuary, as claimed by Rabbi Shimon in the mishna; or even in a case where he took the blood in and did not yet atone, in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer?

אָמַר רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה: מִמַּשְׁמָע שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״וְאֵת פַּר הַחַטָּאת וְאֶת שְׂעִיר הַחַטָּאת אֲשֶׁר הוּבָא אֶת דָּמָם (אֶל אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד) לְכַפֵּר בַּקֹּדֶשׁ״ – מָה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״וְהַשֹּׂרֵף״?

Rabbi Yirmeya said that one can cite a proof from a baraita : From the fact that it is stated with regard to the Yom Kippur service: “And the bull of the sin offering and the goat of the sin offering, whose blood was brought in to atone in the Sanctuary, shall be taken outside the camp, and they shall burn in the fire their skins, and their flesh, and their dung; and he who burns them shall wash his clothes” (Leviticus 16:27–28), one can ask the following question: Why must the verse state: “And he who burns”?

מָה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״וְהַשֹּׂרֵף״?! לְגוּפֵיהּ אִיצְטְרִיךְ! אֶלָּא מָה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״חַטָּאת״ ״חַטָּאת״?

The Gemara interrupts its citation of the baraita to question its line of inquiry. Why must the verse state: “And he who burns”? One can answer that this term was necessary for itself, to teach that the one who burns the bull and goat of Yom Kippur is thereby rendered ritually impure. Rather, this is what the baraita is saying: Why must the verse state twice: “Sin offering,” “sin offering,” with regard to the bull and the goat? It could have stated merely: And the bull and the goat of the sin offering.

לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא לָמַדְנוּ אֶלָּא לְפַר וְשָׂעִיר שֶׁל יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים שֶׁנִּשְׂרָפִין אַבֵּית הַדֶּשֶׁן – מְטַמְּאִין בְּגָדִים; שְׁאָר נִשְׂרָפִין מִנַּיִן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״חַטָּאת״ ״חַטָּאת״. דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה.

The baraita answers that if the term “sin offering” had appeared only once, we would have learned only with regard to the bull and the goat of Yom Kippur that are burned in the place of the ashes that they render ritually impure the garments of the one who carries them. From where is it derived that the same applies to other sin offerings that are burned? The verse states: “Sin offering,” “sin offering,” twice, to include all sin offerings that are burned. This is the statement of Rabbi Yehuda.

רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ; הֲרֵי הוּא אוֹמֵר: ״וְאֵת פַּר הַחַטָּאת וְאֵת שְׂעִיר הַחַטָּאת״ – שֶׁאֵין תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״לְכַפֵּר״, מָה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״לְכַפֵּר״? לִימֵּד עַל כׇּל הַמִּתְכַּפְּרִים שֶׁהַשּׂוֹרְפָן מְטַמֵּא בְּגָדִים.

Rabbi Meir says: This derivation from the repeated mention of sin offering is not necessary. Now consider, the verse states: “And the bull of the sin offering and the goat of the sin offering …shall be taken outside the camp.” As there is no need for the verse to state with regard to these offerings: “Whose blood was brought in to atone in the Sanctuary,” why must the verse nevertheless state: “To atone”? This teaches with regard to all offerings that atone inside the Sanctuary that one who burns them renders his garments impure.

וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה – ״לְכַפֵּר״ לָא מַשְׁמַע לֵיהּ; מַאי טַעְמָא? לָאו מִשּׁוּם דְּמִיבַּעְיָא לֵיהּ לִגְזֵירָה שָׁוָה?

The Gemara notes: And Rabbi Yehuda does not learn anything from the term “to atone.” What is the reason for this? Is it not because he requires this phrase for a verbal analogy, to derive that the blood of an external sin offering that was taken inside the Sanctuary is disqualified only if the priest sprinkled it, in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Shimon? This answers the Gemara’s question, as Rabbi Yehuda evidently follows the opinion of Rabbi Shimon.

הֲדַרַן עֲלָךְ כׇּל הַזְּבָחִים שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבוּ

MISHNA: Certain unfit items, once they have been placed on the altar, are nevertheless sacrificed. The mishna teaches: The altar sanctifies only items that are suited to it. The tanna’im disagree as to the definition of suited for the altar.

מַתְנִי׳ הַמִּזְבֵּחַ מְקַדֵּשׁ [אֶת] הָרָאוּי לוֹ.

Rabbi Yehoshua says: Any item that is suited to be consumed by the fire on the altar, e.g., burnt offerings and the sacrificial portions of other offerings, which are burned on the altar, if it ascended upon the altar, even if it is disqualified from being sacrificed ab initio , it shall not descend. Since it was sanctified by its ascent upon the altar, it is sacrificed upon it, as it is stated: “It is the burnt offering on the pyre upon the altar” (Leviticus 6:2), from which it is derived: Just as with regard to a burnt offering, which is suited to be consumed by the fire on the altar, if it ascended it shall not descend, so too, with regard to any item that is suited to be consumed by the fire on the altar, if it ascended it shall not descend.

רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: כׇּל הָרָאוּי לָאִישִּׁים – אִם עָלָה לֹא יֵרֵד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״הִיא הָעֹלָה עַל מוֹקְדָה״; מָה עוֹלָה, שֶׁהִיא רְאוּיָה לָאִישִּׁים – אִם עָלְתָה לֹא תֵּרֵד; אַף כֹּל שֶׁהוּא רָאוּי לָאִישִּׁים – אִם עָלָה לֹא יֵרֵד.

Rabban Gamliel says: With regard to any item that is suited to ascend upon the altar, even if it is not typically consumed, if it ascended, it shall not descend, even if it is disqualified from being sacrificed ab initio , as it is stated: “It is the burnt offering on the pyre upon the altar,” from which it is derived: Just as with regard to a burnt offering, which is fit for the altar, if it ascended it shall not descend, so too, any item that is fit for the altar, if it ascended it shall not descend.

רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: כׇּל הָרָאוּי לַמִּזְבֵּחַ – אִם עָלָה לֹא יֵרֵד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״הִיא הָעֹלָה עַל מוֹקְדָה עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ״; מָה עוֹלָה, שֶׁהִיא רְאוּיָה לַמִּזְבֵּחַ – אִם עָלְתָה לֹא תֵּרֵד; אַף כׇּל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא רָאוּי לַמִּזְבֵּחַ – אִם עָלְתָה לֹא תֵּרֵד.

The mishna comments: The difference between the statement of Rabban Gamliel and the statement of Rabbi Yehoshua is only with regard to disqualified blood and disqualified libations, which are not consumed by the fire but do ascend upon the altar, as Rabban Gamliel says: They shall not descend, as they are fit to ascend upon the altar, and Rabbi Yehoshua says: They shall descend, as they are not burned on the altar.

אֵין בֵּין דִּבְרֵי רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל לְדִבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אֶלָּא הַדָּם וְהַנְּסָכִים – שֶׁרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר לֹא יֵרְדוּ, וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר יֵרְדוּ.

Rabbi Shimon says: Whether the offering was fit and the accompanying libations were unfit, e.g., if they became ritually impure or they were brought outside their designated area, or whether the libations were fit and the offering was unfit, rendering the accompanying libations unfit as well, and even if both this and that were unfit, the offering shall not descend, as it was sanctified by the altar, but the libations shall descend.

רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: הַזֶּבַח כָּשֵׁר וּנְסָכִים פְּסוּלִין, הַנְּסָכִים כְּשֵׁירִים וְהַזֶּבַח פָּסוּל, אֲפִילּוּ זֶה וָזֶה פְּסוּלִין – הַזֶּבַח לֹא יֵרֵד וְהַנְּסָכִים יֵרְדוּ.