Temurah 11a

הָכִי קָאָמַר: מַקְדִּישִׁין אֵיבָרִין וּמְמִירִין בָּהֶן, אֲבָל לֹא מְמִירִין בָּהֶן, וְעוּבָּרִים שֶׁקָּדְשׁוּ בִּמְעֵי אִמָּן אֵין מְמִירִין בָּהֶן.

Rabbi Zeira answered that this is what the mishna is saying: One consecrates certain animal’s limbs, and the sanctity extends to the entire animal. And therefore, one substitutes these animals despite the fact that he initially consecrated only the limbs. But one does not substitute the limbs alone of non-sacred animals for consecrated animals or their limbs, since sanctity cannot be transferred to a limb through substitution. And as for fetuses that were consecrated in their mother’s womb through consecration of the mother, one does not substitute for them as long as they are in their mother’s womb. In other words, the clause of this mishna that refers to consecration is not referring to fetuses at all.

בְּוַלְדֵי קָדָשִׁים, בִּמְעֵי אִמָּן — הוּא דְּלָא עָבְדִין תְּמוּרָה, הָא אַבָּרַאי — עָבְדִי. וְהָא תְּנַן: אֵין הַוְּולָדוֹת עוֹשִׂין תְּמוּרָה! הָא מַנִּי? רַבִּי יְהוּדָה הִיא.

Rabbi Yirmeya objected: If the mishna is referring to the offspring of sacrificial animals, and it is teaching that it is only when they are in their mother’s womb that one may not render a substitute for them, one can infer that once they are outside their mother’s womb, one can render a substitute for them. But didn’t we learn in the next mishna that the offspring born of a consecrated animal do not render a non-sacred animal exchanged for them a substitute? Rabbi Zeira answered: In accordance with whose opinion is this mishna? It is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda, who disagrees and maintains that one can substitute for the offspring.

אִי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, אֵבָרִין מִי קָדְשִׁי? הָא לְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה לֵית לֵיהּ הָאוֹמֵר ״רַגְלָהּ שֶׁל זוֹ עוֹלָה״ — כּוּלָּהּ עוֹלָה!

Rabbi Yirmeya objected: If the mishna is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda, one encounters a difficulty. According to Rabbi Yehuda, are limbs consecrated in this manner, in that the sanctity extends to the whole animal? But Rabbi Yehuda does not accept that if one says: The hind leg of this animal is a burnt offering, the entire animal is a burnt offering.

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הָכָא בְּמַאי עָסְקִינַן — בְּדָבָר הָעוֹשֶׂה אוֹתָהּ טְרֵפָה.

Rabbi Zeira said to him: What are we dealing with here? We are dealing with an item whose removal renders it a tereifa , i.e., will cause it to die within twelve months. Rabbi Yehuda’s ruling that the consecration of a limb does not extend to the entire animal applies only to limbs whose removal would not render the animal a tereifa . He concedes that the consecration of limbs which would render an animal tereifa were they removed does extend to the whole animal. In sum, bar Padda’s opinion that fetuses cannot be consecrated has not been refuted.

לֵימָא כְּתַנָּאֵי: הַשּׁוֹחֵט אֶת הַחַטָּאת, וּמָצָא בָּהּ בֶּן אַרְבַּע חַי, קָתָנֵי חֲדָא: אֵינָהּ נֶאֱכֶלֶת אֶלָּא לְזִכְרֵי כְהוּנָּה, וְאֵינָהּ נֶאֱכֶלֶת אֶלָּא לִפְנִים מִן הַקְּלָעִים, וְאֵינָהּ נֶאֱכֶלֶת אֶלָּא לְיוֹם אֶחָד.

§ The Gemara suggests. Let us say that the dispute between bar Padda and Rabbi Yoḥanan is parallel to a dispute between tanna’im , as we learned: If one slaughtered a pregnant animal that was consecrated as a sin offering, and he found inside it a female fetus four months old, which is alive, despite the fact that the mother usually carries its young for five months, one baraita teaches: This animal is treated as a sin offering, and therefore it is eaten only by the males of the priesthood, and it is eaten only within the hangings, i.e., within the Temple courtyard, and it is eaten only for one day and night.

וְתַנְיָא אִידַּךְ: נֶאֱכֶלֶת לְכׇל אָדָם, וְנֶאֱכָלִין בְּכׇל מָקוֹם, וְאֵינָן נֶאֱכָלִין בַּעֲזָרָה. מַאי לָאו תַּנָּאֵי הִיא? דְּמָר סָבַר: קְדוּשָּׁה חָלָה עַל עוּבָּרִין, וּמַר סָבַר: אֵין קְדוּשָּׁה חָלָה עַל עוּבָּרִין.

And it is taught in another baraita that it is treated as a non-sacred animal, which means it is eaten by any person, not only priests, and such animals may be eaten anywhere outside the Temple courtyard, but they may not be eaten in the Temple courtyard. What, is it not correct that the dispute between bar Padda and Rabbi Yoḥanan is a dispute between tanna’im , as one Sage, the tanna of the first baraita , holds in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yoḥanan, that fetuses are imbued with sanctity, and one Sage, the tanna of the second baraita , holds that fetuses are not imbued with sanctity, as maintained by bar Padda?

לָא, הָנֵי תַּנָּאֵי בְּהָא קָא מִיפַּלְגִי, דְּמָר סָבַר: וַלְדוֹת קָדָשִׁים בַּהֲוָיָיתָן הֵן קְדוֹשִׁים, וּמָר סָבַר: וַלְדֵי קָדָשִׁים בִּמְעֵי אִמָּן הֵן קְדוֹשִׁים.

The Gemara responds: No, the tanna’im of both baraitot agree that sanctity can apply to fetuses if the animal was consecrated while pregnant. Rather, the baraitot are dealing with an animal that was consecrated and then became pregnant, and these tanna’im disagree about this, as one Sage, in the second baraita , holds that with regard to the offspring of sacrificial animals, only when they come into being, at the time of their birth, are they sanctified. Since this fetus was never born, it is not sacred. And one Sage, in the first baraita , holds that the offspring of sacrificial animals are sanctified already in their mother’s womb, and therefore all the halakhot of a sin offering apply to the fetus immediately.

וְאִיבָּעֵית אֵימָא, חַד תַּנָּא הוּא, חֲדָא מֵהָלֵין מַתְנְיָיתָא — בְּמַקְדִּישׁ בְּהֵמָה וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִתְעַבְּרָה, וַחֲדָא מִנְּהוֹן — שֶׁהִקְדִּישָׁהּ מְעוּבֶּרֶת.

And if you wish, say instead that there is no contradiction between these two baraitot at all, and it is one tanna who taught both of them, in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yoḥanan that fetuses are imbued with sanctity. And the second one of these baraitot is referring to a case where one consecrates an animal as a sin offering and it became pregnant only afterward. Since the fetus did not exist at the moment of consecration, it is not sacred. And the first one of the baraitot is referring to a case where he consecrated the animal when it was already pregnant, and therefore its fetus is imbued with its sanctity.

תַּנְיָא, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: כִּלְאַיִם, וּטְרֵפָה, וְיוֹצֵא דּוֹפֶן, טוּמְטוּם, וְאַנְדְּרוֹגִינוֹס — לֹא קְדוֹשִׁין וְלֹא מַקְדִּישִׁין. וְאָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: לֹא קְדוֹשִׁין בִּתְמוּרָה, וְלֹא מַקְדִּישִׁין לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּמוּרָה.

§ It is taught in a baraita that Rabbi Eliezer says: An animal crossbred from diverse kinds, and a tereifa , and an animal born by caesarean section, and an animal whose sexual organs are indeterminate [ tumtum ], and an animal that is a hermaphrodite [ ve’androginos ] are neither sacred nor do they sanctify another animal. And Shmuel says, in explanation of the baraita : These animals are not sacred as a substitute, i.e., if one of these was non-sacred it cannot be consecrated as a substitute for a sacred animal. And they do not sanctify another animal to render it a substitute; that is, if one of these animals was sacred, no non-sacred animal can be consecrated as a substitute for them.

וְתַנְיָא, אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר: מֵאַחַר שֶׁאֵינָן קְדוֹשִׁין, הֵיאַךְ מַקְדִּישִׁין? אִי אַתָּה מוֹצֵא אֶלָּא בְּמַקְדִּישׁ בְּהֵמָה וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִטְרְפָה, בְּמַקְדִּישׁ וָלָד וְיָצָא [דֶּרֶךְ] דּוֹפֶן. אַלְמָא קָדֵישׁ וָלָד!

And it is taught in another baraita that Rabbi Meir said: Why is it necessary for Rabbi Eliezer to state that one cannot substitute for these animals? After all, since he has already said that they are not sanctified, how could they sanctify another animal exchanged for them? Rabbi Meir himself responded: You find that these animals can be sacred, but only in specific situations, for example, where one consecrated an animal and subsequently it became a tereifa , or where one consecrated an animal’s offspring and it was then born by caesarean section. One can infer from Rabbi Meir’s statement that evidently an offspring can be sanctified while in the womb, contrary to the opinion of bar Padda.

אָמְרִי: בְּתָם בִּמְעֵי תְמִימָה, אֲפִילּוּ בַּר פְּדָא נָמֵי מוֹדֵי דְּקָדֵישׁ. לֹא נֶחְלְקוּ אֶלָּא בְּתָם בִּמְעֵי בַּעֲלַת מוּם. בַּר פְּדָא סָבַר: כֵּיוָן דְּאִימֵּיהּ לָא מִקַּדְּשָׁא קְדוּשַּׁת הַגּוּף, הוּא נָמֵי לָא קָדֵישׁ. וְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן סָבַר: הָנֵי כִּשְׁתֵּי בְהֵמוֹת נִינְהוּ, אִימֵּיהּ הִיא דְּלָא מִיקַּדְּשָׁא, אֲבָל הוּא קָדוֹשׁ.

The Sages say in response: In the case of an unblemished animal in the womb of an unblemished mother, even bar Padda concedes that it can be consecrated. Bar Padda and Rabbi Yoḥanan disagree only with regard to an unblemished animal in the womb of a blemished mother. Bar Padda maintains that since its mother cannot be consecrated with inherent sanctity, its offspring is not consecrated either. And Rabbi Yoḥanan maintains: These are considered as two separate animals; it is its mother alone that is not consecrated, but the fetus itself is consecrated.

לִישָּׁנָא אַחֲרִינָא, אֲבָל כִּלְאַיִם וְטוּמְטוּם וְאַנְדְּרוֹגִינוֹס, אִי אַתָּה מוֹצֵא אֶלָּא בְּוַלְדֵי קֳדָשִׁים.

The Gemara cites another version of the above discussion, which cites the continuation of Rabbi Meir’s statement: But with regard to an animal born of diverse kinds, and a tumtum , and a hermaphrodite, you find that they can be consecrated only when they are offspring of sacrificial animals, i.e., a consecrated animal impregnated by an animal of a different species, or whose fetus was a tumtum or a hermaphrodite.

וּכְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה, שֶׁהָיָה אוֹמֵר: הַוָּלָד עוֹשֶׂה תְּמוּרָה. הָלֵין הוּא דְּלָא קָדְשִׁי גּוּפַיְיהוּ, אֲבָל עוּבָּרִין אֲחֵרִים קְדוֹשִׁין!

Rabbi Meir adds: And Rabbi Eliezer holds in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda, who would say that the offspring of a consecrated animal renders a non-sacred animal exchanged for it a substitute. These offspring are exceptions, as they are disqualified for the altar. The Gemara infers: It is only for these disqualified offspring that one cannot substitute, as they cannot have inherent sanctity, but other offspring that are fit for the altar, and likewise other fetuses, can be consecrated, contrary to the opinion of bar Padda.

אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: תָּם בִּמְעֵי תְּמִימָה — דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל קָדֵישׁ גּוּפֵיהּ, אֶלָּא כִּי פְּלִיגִי בִּמְעֵי בַּעֲלַת מוּם, דְּבַר פְּדָא סָבַר: כֵּיוָן דְּאִימֵּיהּ נָמֵי לָא קָדֵישׁ גּוּפַהּ — אִיהוּ נָמֵי לָא קָדֵישׁ אֶלָּא לִדְמֵי, רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן סָבַר: עוּבָּר לָאו יֶרֶךְ אִמּוֹ הוּא, וְאַף עַל גַּב דְּאִימֵּיהּ לָא קָדְשָׁה לְגוּפַהּ — וָלָד מִיהָא קָדֵישׁ לְגוּפֵיהּ.

Abaye said: In the case of an unblemished animal in the womb of an unblemished mother, everyone agrees that the fetus can have inherent sanctity. Rather, when bar Padda and Rabbi Yoḥanan disagree, it is with regard to an unblemished animal in the womb of a blemished mother. As bar Padda maintains: Since even its mother cannot have inherent sanctity, the offspring too can be consecrated only for its value. And Rabbi Yoḥanan maintains: A fetus is considered not the thigh of its mother but a separate entity, and therefore even though its mother’s sanctity is not inherent, the sanctity of its offspring can still be inherent.

אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי: וַהֲלֹא בְּמוּקְדָּשִׁין, הָאוֹמֵר ״רַגְלָהּ שֶׁל זוֹ״ כּוּ׳.

§ The mishna teaches that according to the Rabbis, one cannot substitute non-sacred limbs for whole consecrated animals, but Rabbi Yosei said that one can substitute in this manner. He claims: But isn’t it so with regard to sacrificial animals, that if one says: The hind leg of this animal is a burnt offering, the entire animal is a burnt offering? The same should apply to substitution.