Chullin 85b

לֹא לַכֹּל אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר שְׁחִיטָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ רְאוּיָה שְׁמָהּ שְׁחִיטָה: מוֹדֶה רַבִּי מֵאִיר שֶׁאֵין מַתִּירָתָהּ בַּאֲכִילָה; וְלֹא לַכֹּל אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן שְׁחִיטָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ רְאוּיָה לֹא שְׁמָהּ שְׁחִיטָה: מוֹדֶה רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן שֶׁמְּטַהַרְתָּהּ מִידֵי נְבֵלָה.

Not with regard to all halakhot did Rabbi Meir say an act of slaughter that is not fit, e.g., where one slaughters a tereifa , is considered an act of slaughter, as Rabbi Meir does concede that such an act of slaughter does not render the meat of the animal permitted for consumption. And not with regard to all halakhot did Rabbi Shimon say an act of slaughter that is not fit is not considered an act of slaughter, as Rabbi Shimon does concede that such an act of slaughter renders the animal pure from having the impure status of an unslaughtered animal carcass.

אָמַר מָר: לֹא לַכֹּל אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר שְׁחִיטָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ רְאוּיָה שְׁמָהּ שְׁחִיטָה, מוֹדֶה רַבִּי מֵאִיר שֶׁאֵין מַתִּירָתָהּ בַּאֲכִילָה. פְּשִׁיטָא! טְרֵפָה בִּשְׁחִיטָה מִי מִישְׁתַּרְיָא?

The Gemara analyzes this statement: The Master said that not with regard to all halakhot did Rabbi Meir say an act of slaughter that is not fit is considered an act of slaughter, as Rabbi Meir concedes that such an act of slaughter does not render the meat of the animal permitted for consumption. The Gemara asks: Isn’t this obvious? Can a tereifa become permitted for consumption through slaughter?

לָא צְרִיכָא, לְשׁוֹחֵט אֶת הַטְּרֵפָה וּמָצָא בָּהּ בֶּן תִּשְׁעָה חַי; סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ אָמֵינָא: הוֹאִיל דְּאָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר: שְׁחִיטָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ רְאוּיָה שְׁמָהּ שְׁחִיטָה, תַּהֲנֵי לֵיהּ שְׁחִיטַת אִמּוֹ וְלָא לִיבְעֵי שְׁחִיטָה, קָמַשְׁמַע לַן.

The Gemara answers: No, this statement of Rabbi Abba is necessary in a case where one slaughtered a tereifa and found a living nine-month-old fetus inside it. It might enter your mind to say: Since Rabbi Meir said an act of slaughter that is not fit to render the meat permitted is considered an act of slaughter, the slaughter of its mother should be effective to render the meat of the fetus permitted for consumption, as it normally does when the mother is not a tereifa ; and the fetus, after it is born, should not require its own slaughter. Rabbi Abba therefore teaches us that according to Rabbi Meir, slaughter that does not render the meat of the mother permitted for consumption does not render the fetus permitted either.

וְתִסְבְּרָא? וְהָאָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר: בֶּן פְּקוּעָה טָעוּן שְׁחִיטָה!

The Gemara asks: And how can you understand that without Rabbi Abba’s statement, one would have thought that according to Rabbi Meir, the fetus does not require its own slaughter? But doesn’t Rabbi Meir say that a fetus removed from its mother’s womb after the mother was properly slaughtered [ ben pekua ], requires slaughter, as the slaughter of the mother does not permit the fetus?

לָא צְרִיכָא, דְּרַבִּי סָבַר לַהּ כְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר וְסָבַר לַהּ כְּרַבָּנַן. סָבַר לַהּ כְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר, דְּאָמַר: שְׁחִיטָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ רְאוּיָה שְׁמָהּ שְׁחִיטָה, וְסָבַר לַהּ כְּרַבָּנַן, דְּאָמְרִי: שְׁחִיטַת אִמּוֹ מְטַהַרְתּוֹ.

The Gemara responds: The statement of Rabbi Abba is not necessary for the opinion of Rabbi Meir, but it is for the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi. This is because Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi holds in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Meir in one instance, and holds in accordance with the opinion of the Rabbis in another. In a case where one slaughtered a mother and its offspring on the same day he holds in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Meir, who says an act of slaughter that is not fit to render the meat permitted is considered an act of slaughter. And with regard to a ben pekua , Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi holds in accordance with the opinion of the Rabbis, who say the proper slaughter of the mother renders the fetus kosher, i.e., the fetus does not require its own ritual slaughter.

כֵּיוָן דַּאֲמוּר רַבָּנַן שְׁחִיטַת אִמּוֹ מְטַהַרְתּוֹ, תַּהֲנֵי לֵיהּ שְׁחִיטַת אִמּוֹ וְלָא לִיבְעֵי שְׁחִיטָה, קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.

Therefore, since the Rabbis say the proper slaughter of the mother renders the fetus kosher, one might conclude that with regard to a tereifa as well, Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi holds the slaughter of the mother should be effective to render the meat of the fetus permitted for consumption, and it should not require its own slaughter. In light of this, Rabbi Abba teaches us that although Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi agrees with Rabbi Meir that an ineffective slaughter is considered an act of slaughter, Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi holds that in the case of a tereifa the slaughter of the mother is not effective for the fetus.

וְלֹא לַכֹּל אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן שְׁחִיטָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ רְאוּיָה לֹא שְׁמָהּ שְׁחִיטָה, מוֹדֶה רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן שֶׁמְּטַהַרְתָּהּ מִידֵי נְבֵלָה. פְּשִׁיטָא! דְּאָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַב, וְאָמְרִי לַהּ בְּמַתְנִיתָא תָּנָא: ״וְכִי יָמוּת מִן הַבְּהֵמָה״, מִקְצָת בְּהֵמָה מְטַמְּאָה וּמִקְצָת בְּהֵמָה אֵינָהּ מְטַמְּאָה, וְאֵי זוֹ זוֹ – טְרֵפָה שֶׁשְּׁחָטָהּ.

The Gemara addresses the second statement of Rabbi Abba: And not with regard to all halakhot did Rabbi Shimon say an act of slaughter that is not fit is not considered an act of slaughter, as Rabbi Shimon concedes that such an act of slaughter renders the animal pure from having the impure status of an unslaughtered animal carcass. The Gemara asks: Isn’t this obvious? As Rav Yehuda says that Rav says, and some say it was taught in a baraita : The verse states with regard to an animal carcass: “And if there dies of the animals …he that touches its carcass shall be unclean” (Leviticus 11:39). The word “of” indicates that some animals transmit impurity as a carcass and some animals do not transmit impurity. And which animal does not? That is a tereifa that one slaughtered.

לָא צְרִיכָא, לְשׁוֹחֵט אֶת הַטְּרֵפָה וְהִיא חוּלִּין בַּעֲזָרָה. דְּתַנְיָא: הַשּׁוֹחֵט אֶת הַטְּרֵפָה, וְכֵן הַשּׁוֹחֵט וְנִמְצֵאת טְרֵיפָה, זֶה וָזֶה חוּלִּין בַּעֲזָרָה – רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר בַּהֲנָאָה, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין.

The Gemara responds: No, Rabbi Abba’s statement is necessary in the case of one who slaughters a tereifa , and it is a non-sacred animal in the Temple courtyard. As it is taught in a baraita : In the case of one who slaughters a known tereifa , and likewise one who slaughters an animal and it was found to be a tereifa , and this and that were non-sacred animals slaughtered in the Temple courtyard, Rabbi Shimon permits one to derive benefit from them, as one is not considered to have transgressed the prohibition against slaughtering a non-sacred animal in the Temple courtyard. And the Rabbis prohibit one to derive benefit from them.

סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ אָמֵינָא, הוֹאִיל וְאָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: מוּתָּר בַּהֲנָאָה, אַלְמָא לָאו שְׁחִיטָה הִיא כְּלָל, אֵימָא: מִידֵי נְבֵלָה נָמֵי לָא מְטַהֲרָה, קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.

Accordingly, it might enter your mind to say: Since Rabbi Shimon says it is permitted to derive benefit from such an animal, evidently slaughtering a tereifa is not considered slaughter at all. Therefore, say that slaughter does not have the ability to purify the tereifa from having the status of a ritually impure animal carcass either. Rabbi Abba therefore teaches us that even according to Rabbi Shimon, the slaughter is effective to remove it from the status of a carcass.

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב פָּפָּא לְאַבָּיֵי: וְסָבַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן חוּלִּין בַּעֲזָרָה דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא הִיא? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אִין, וְהָתְנַן רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: חוּלִּין שֶׁנִּשְׁחֲטוּ בַּעֲזָרָה יִשָּׂרְפוּ בָּאֵשׁ, וְכֵן חַיָּה שֶׁנִּשְׁחֲטָה בָּעֲזָרָה. אִי אָמְרַתְּ בִּשְׁלָמָא דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא – הַיְינוּ דְּגָזְרִינַן חַיָּה אַטּוּ בְּהֵמָה.

Rav Pappa said to Abaye: And does Rabbi Shimon hold that the prohibition against deriving benefit from non-sacred animals slaughtered in the Temple courtyard is by Torah law? Abaye said to Rav Pappa: Yes he does. And we learned in a mishna ( Temura 33b) that Rabbi Shimon says: Non-sacred animals that were slaughtered in the Temple courtyard shall be burned in the fire. And likewise, an undomesticated animal that was slaughtered in the Temple courtyard shall be burned in the fire. Abaye continues: Granted, if you say the meat of a non-sacred domesticated animal slaughtered in the Temple courtyard is forbidden by Torah law, this is the reason why we decree that the meat of an undomesticated animal is prohibited as well, due to the Torah prohibition against deriving benefit from the meat of a domesticated animal.

אֶלָּא אִי אָמְרַתְּ דְּרַבָּנַן, בְּהֵמָה מַאי טַעְמָא? דִּילְמָא אָתֵי לְמֵיכַל קָדָשִׁים בַּחוּץ, הִיא גּוּפַהּ גְּזֵרָה, וַאֲנַן נֵיקוּם וְנִגְזוֹר גְּזֵירָה לִגְזֵירָה?

But if you say the meat of domesticated animals is forbidden by rabbinic law then the mishna is difficult: What is the reason the meat of a non-sacred domesticated animal is forbidden? It is forbidden lest one see someone consuming this meat outside the Temple courtyard and arrive at the erroneous conclusion that it is permitted to partake of sacrificial meat outside the Temple courtyard. If so, the prohibition against deriving benefit from the meat of a non-sacred domesticated animal is itself a rabbinic decree, and will we then proceed to issue a decree prohibiting one to derive benefit from a non-sacred undomesticated animal in order to prevent the violation of a decree?

רַבִּי חִיָּיא נְפַל לֵיהּ יָאנִיבָא בְּכִיתָּנֵיהּ, אֲתָא לְקַמֵּיהּ דְּרַבִּי, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: שְׁקוֹל עוֹפָא וּשְׁחוֹט עַל בּוּבִיתָא דְּמַיָּא, דְּמוֹרַח דְּמָא וְשָׁבֵיק לֵיהּ.

§ The mishna teaches that one who stabs an undomesticated animal or bird, or who tears loose its windpipe and gullet, is exempt from covering the blood. With regard to this the Gemara relates: Moths infested the flax of Rabbi Ḥiyya. He came before Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi to ask how to get rid of the moths. Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi said to him: Take a bird and slaughter it over the tub of water in which the flax was soaked, as the moths will smell the blood and leave the flax.

הֵיכִי עָבֵיד הָכִי? וְהָתַנְיָא: הַשּׁוֹחֵט וְצָרִיךְ לַדָּם – חַיָּיב לְכַסּוֹת. כֵּיצַד יַעֲשֶׂה? אוֹ נוֹחֲרוֹ, אוֹ עוֹקְרוֹ.

The Gemara asks: How could Rabbi Ḥiyya do this? But isn’t it taught in a baraita : One who slaughters a bird or an undomesticated animal, and does so only because he needs the blood, is nevertheless obligated to cover the blood and may not use it for any other purpose? Rather, how should one who needs the blood act? He either stabs it or tears loose its windpipe and its gullet, so that it is not killed with an act of slaughter. How, then, could Rabbi Ḥiyya use the blood of the bird that he slaughtered to rid his flax of the moths?

כִּי אֲתָא רַב דִּימִי אָמַר: ״צֵא טְרוֹף״ אֲמַר לֵיהּ, כִּי אֲתָא רָבִין אָמַר: ״צֵא נְחוֹר״ אֲמַר לֵיהּ.

The Gemara responds: When Rav Dimi came from Eretz Yisrael, he said that Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi said to Rabbi Ḥiyya: Go out and render the bird a tereifa , and then slaughter it, as the mishna teaches that one who slaughters a tereifa is not required to cover its blood. When Ravin came from Eretz Yisrael, he said that Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi said to Rabbi Ḥiyya: Go out and tear loose the bird’s windpipe and gullet.

לְמַאן דְּאָמַר ״צֵא טְרוֹף״, מַאי טַעְמָא לָא אָמַר ״צֵא נְחוֹר״?

The Gemara asks: According to the one who says that Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi said to Rabbi Ḥiyya: Go out and render the bird a tereifa , what is the reason that Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi did not say: Go out and tear loose its windpipe and gullet?

וְכִי תֵּימָא, קָסָבַר אֵין שְׁחִיטָה לָעוֹף מִן הַתּוֹרָה, וּנְחִירָתוֹ זוֹ הִיא שְׁחִיטָתוֹ, וְהָתַנְיָא: רַבִּי אוֹמֵר: ״כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוִּיתִךָ״ – מְלַמֵּד שֶׁנִּצְטַוָּה מֹשֶׁה עַל הַוֶּשֶׁט וְעַל הַקָּנֶה, וְעַל רוֹב אֶחָד בָּעוֹף, וְעַל רוֹב שְׁנַיִם בַּבְּהֵמָה.

And if you would say the reason is because Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi holds that slaughter of a bird is not obligatory by Torah law, and consequently the tearing loose of its windpipe and gullet is considered its slaughter such that he would be required to cover the blood, this is untenable. As isn’t it taught in a baraita that Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi says: The verse states: “And you shall slaughter… as I have commanded you” (Deuteronomy 12:21). This teaches that Moses was previously commanded concerning the mitzvot of slaughter, i.e., he was taught about the gullet and the windpipe, that the cutting of these simanim constitutes slaughter, and about the requirement to cut the majority of one siman of a bird, and about the requirement to cut the majority of two simanim of an animal. If so, Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi holds that the slaughter of a bird is obligatory by Torah law.