Source and decoding - Bava Kamma 8a
תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: מָכַר לְאֶחָד אוֹ לִשְׁלֹשָׁה בְּנֵי אָדָם כְּאֶחָד – כּוּלָּן נִכְנְסוּ תַּחַת הַבְּעָלִים. בְּזֶה אַחַר זֶה – כּוּלָּן גּוֹבִין מִן הָאַחֲרוֹן. אֵין לוֹ – גּוֹבֶה מִשֶּׁלְּפָנָיו, אֵין לוֹ – גּוֹבֶה מִשֶּׁלִּפְנֵי פָנָיו.
The Sages taught: If one sold to one person or to three people simultaneously, they all step into the shoes of the owner. If [he sold] sequentially, all creditors collect from the last [buyer]. If he does not have [sufficient land], one collects from the one before him; if he does not have [sufficient land], one collects from the one before that.
The Beraita distinguishes between properties sold simultaneously and those sold sequentially. In a simultaneous sale, the purchasers simply assume the debtor's standing, distributing payments according to statutory tiers: damages from superior land, loans from intermediate, and ketubah from poor land. In a sequential sale, early purchasers can deflect creditors by arguing that unencumbered land was left with the debtor at the time of their purchase. Consequently, all collection obligations fall entirely upon the last acquired property first.